The Zhou Dynasty was divided into Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou, and it was established in 791. In history, the Zhou Dynasty had a profound impact on the political, economic, and cultural aspects of ancient China, and was an important dynasty that was both pivotal and wonderful. So, how did the Zhou Dynasty rise?
Many people believe that the rise of the Zhou Dynasty is mainly due to King Wen of Zhou.
Indeed, Ji Chang, the King of Zhou Wen, played a crucial role in the rise of the Zhou Dynasty. He reigned for fifty years and paid great attention to Taoguang's obscurity. On the one hand, Corporal Ji Chang lixian, thirsty for talents, attracted a large number of talents such as Jiang Ziya, Boyi, Shuqi, Tai Qian, Hong Yao, San Yisheng, Mane, and Xin Jia Dafu to be used by Zhou; on the other hand, Ji Chang single-mindedly developed production, practiced benevolence and righteousness, and established a good image and reputation among the princes. It was not until his later years that Ji Chang officially declared himself king, broke with the Shang Dynasty, sent troops to conquer Inu Rong and Misu, defeated the shang dynasty vassal states such as Qi, Han, and Chongguo, and moved the capital from Qi to Feng (present-day Fengshui, Chang'an County, Shaanxi Province), which not only enabled Zhou to obtain a large area of fertile land in the Guanzhong Plain, but also formed a pincer-shaped siege of the Shang kings, laying a solid foundation for the later Destruction of Shang by King Wu of Zhou.
However, if the rise of the Zhou Dynasty is the credit of King Wen of Zhou, it is inevitable that it will be biased. Because before King Jichang of Zhou Wen, Zhou experienced abandonment, non-secret, Ju, Gong Liu, Qingjie, Imperial Servant, Chafu, Destruction, Gongfei, Gao Yuan, Ya Yuan, Gong Shu Zu Class, Gu Gong Gong Father, Ji Li, a total of fourteen generations, these people also made very important contributions to the rise of Zhou, especially the three people who abandoned, Gong Liu and Gu Gong Gong Father were very accomplished, and they were also the main founders of the Zhou Rise.
1. Abandonment
Abandonment is the Zhou Ancestor Hou ji. Hou Ji's mother was named Jiang Yuan, and she was the concubine of Emperor Zhao. It is said that Jiang Yuan came to the countryside once, saw the footprints of a giant, fell in love with it, stepped on it, and became pregnant ever since. After October, Ginger native to the next boy. Jiang Yuan thought at first that this child was unlucky and wanted to throw him away. Miraculously, she threw the child into a narrow alley, and the cattle and horses all detoured from the child's side, not daring to step on him; she threw the child into the cold ditch, and there were birds that took the initiative to fly over and cover the child's body with wings to keep the child warm. Jiang Yuan saw these magical phenomena and finally changed his mind and decided to raise the child and name the child "abandoned".
From an early age, Ren has lofty ambitions and has shown outstanding talents. He liked to grow crops such as hemp and beans, and the hemp and beans he planted grew very luxuriantly; he also found that different lands were suitable for different crops through careful observation.
Because he was good at growing crops, Emperor Yao recommended him as a farmer and taught the people to plant crops. During his tenure as a farmer's officer, renounced great achievements and benefited everyone in the world. When Emperor Shun arrived, he gave him the title of Emperor Tai (邰), taking the official as his title, hou ji (後稷), and Ji (姬) as his surname.
Although it is very likely that he was the illegitimate son of Jiang Yuan and the country giants, because he was able to aspire from an early age, was good at observation, had a research spirit, and by teaching the people to plant crops, he not only contributed to the people of Li, but also realized his self-worth, and obtained the fief Tai, laying the most primitive foundation for the rise of Zhou.
2. Gong Liu
In the history of the rise of the Zhou Dynasty, Gong Liu was the second most important figure after abandonment. Gong Liu is important because he has the following three contributions:
First, the rise of Gong Liu Wei Zhou accumulated the "first pot of gold". After Hou Ji's death, he succeeded to the throne. In the later years of Bu Ling's life, the Xia Hou clan was politically decayed, abandoned the peasant division, and no longer farmed, so Bu Mu lost his official position and wandered to the RongDi area. That is to say, by the time of Gong Liu's life, the Zhou people had been forced to live in the Rongdi region for three generations, but on the one hand, Gong Liu was able to inherit and carry forward the agricultural technology of Houji and develop agriculture according to local conditions, and on the other hand, he could lead the people to cut wood from the Qishui and Depressed Waters across the Weishui River, plunder resources, and expand the territory, so that the economy and population of zhou had a great development, accumulating the first pot of gold for the rise of Zhou.
2. Gong Liu established his own tribal armed forces. With the economic development and population of the Zhou people, Gong Liu let the members of the tribe take turns to serve in three shifts, known in history as "his army three singles", living a life of both soldiers and farmers.
Third, Gong Liu led the crowd to move to this place. Gong Liu's migration is a major event in the history of the development of the Zhou people, which provides a possibility for the further development of the Zhou people.
With the barrel of the gun out of power, Gong Liu not only made the life of the Zhou people better, let many people move to him, but also led the crowd to move to Feng, established the Zhou people's own armed forces, and further laid a solid foundation for the rise of the Zhou, so history called "the rise of the Zhou Dao".
3. Old father
Father Gu was the third pivotal figure in Zhou Arising. The "Chronicle of History" says that gu Gonggong's father "restored" the great cause of Hou Ji and Gong Liu, accumulated virtue, and put charity and righteousness, and the people of the country loved him. That is to say, the eight generations after Gong Liu, it is very likely that they did not accumulate virtue, Pu Shi Benevolence, and did nothing, so the People of the Country may not love them very much, and the rise of Zhou encountered great setbacks, until the father of the Ancient Gong Gong "restored" Hou Ji and Gong Liu Daye, accumulated virtue, Pu Shi Ren Yi, and the Chinese people loved him again.
So how did the ancient gong practice virtue and benevolence?
As mentioned above, in the life of Gong Liu, the Zhou people had moved to Feng, but the Zhou people at that time had not actually completely separated from Rong Di. By the time of the ancient gonggong father, the Kaoru clan of Rong Di came to harass and wanted to seize the people's belongings. In order to reduce the casualties of the war, Gu Gong's father took the initiative to give his belongings to the Kaoru clan of Rong Di. Soon, the Kaoru came to invade again, wanting to seize the land and population of the Zhou people. Zhou Ren was very angry and wanted to fight back.
Gu Gong said: "The people support the monarch because they want him to seek benefits for everyone." Now Rongdi came to invade in order to seize my land and the people. What is the difference between people following me or following them? The people go to war for my sake, and I sacrifice my fathers and sons and brothers to be their monarchs, and I really can't bear to do that. So he led his family out of the land, crossed the lacquered water and depressed water, crossed the Liangshan Mountain, and lived at the foot of the Qishan Mountain.
The people of Fengyi deeply felt the virtue and benevolence of Gu Gong, and all helped the old man and his children to follow Gu Gong to Qixia. People from neighboring tribes heard about GuGong's virtue and benevolence, and many migrated to the foot of Qishan Mountain to return to Gugong.
In this way, the Zhou clan was blessed by misfortune and grew stronger than before. The ancient duke then abolished the customs of Rong Di, built a castle, built a house, divided the people into yiluo and settled down, and set up various official positions to handle various affairs.
The so-called people who win the hearts and minds of the people will win the world, and the ancient public has virtue and stresses benevolence and righteousness, which is the foundation of winning the hearts and minds of the people. However, Gu Gong led the tribes to migrate from the Rongdi region to the foot of the Qishan Mountains, changed customs and customs, built a city to let the people divide into Yiluo and settle down, and set up various official positions to handle various affairs, which actually formed the prototype of the state. This mode of management, obviously more progressive and efficient than the primitive tribes, laid the foundation for the rise of the Zhou and eventually replaced the Shang Yin Dynasty.
In short, in the process of the rise of the Zhou Dynasty, Qi, Gong Liu, Gu Gong and Ji Chang, like Ji Chang, all shouldered their own historical responsibilities in their respective historical periods, and played an indelible role in the rise of the Zhou Dynasty and made indelible contributions. King Wu of Zhou defeated the King of Shang at the Battle of Muye, destroyed the Shang Dynasty, and established the Zhou Dynasty, in fact, by standing on the shoulders of ancestors such as Qi, Gong Liu, Gu Gong, and Ji Chang.