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In the early Tang Dynasty, a madman once said to the outside world: "My article deserves to be qu, Song is a ya official, and my pen deserves to be the north of Wang Xizhi", he said that his articles, the literary style is so good that Qu Yuan and Song Yu are only assigned to him as followers, and his calligraphy, Wang Xizhi will also worship - I don't know if I obey, we only know that from now on there is an idiom "Qu Guan Qu Song".
This arrogant master with amazing words was one of the madmen of the early Tang Dynasty: Du Zhenyan.
Thinking of "the language is not surprising and the death is endless", you must ask, is this not from Du Fu, so that posterity regards this as the motto of the poetry of the holy poem, yes, Du Zhenyan is the grandfather of the poet Saint Du Fu, or how can it be said that he is "the grandfather who does not speak amazingly and dies endlessly".
Du Zhenyan's arrogant personality is not unrelated to his own growth environment, first, the family is good, the second is to learn, it is definitely the beginning of a good script, but it is a pity that it is planted in the personality of the flamboyant, too proud, Ouyang Xiu said "high talent, proud of the world to see the disease."
Du Zhenyan was born in Xiangyang, Hubei Province, and his ancestors were jingzhao du clan, which was a famous clan of scholars in ancient China who looked up to Jingzhao County, and the proverb of the Han Dynasty period was "Chengnan Weidu, go to Tianzhi Five", which refers to The Jingzhao Weishi and jingzhao Du clan. Du Pre, a famous general of the Western Jin Dynasty who ended the struggle for hegemony in the Three Kingdoms, was the ancestor of the Du family, and Du Pre's second son moved to Xiangyang, Hubei Province, and Du Zhenyan was a descendant of this tribe, and later because his father went to Gongyi, Henan to make a county order, the whole family moved from Xiangyang to Gong County.
Du Zhenyan's birth time is already untestable, about the nineteenth year of Zhenguan, that is, in 645 AD, he was eager to learn since childhood, and he was able to excel, and in the first year of Xianheng,Tang Gaozong was admitted as a jinshi and entered the dynasty as an official. Shiren called him "Four Friends of Articles" along with Su Wei, Li Zhao, and Cui Rong, and was called the four great literary heroes of contemporary times. Let's first look at a representative poem by Du Zhenyan, "And Jinling Lu Cheng's Early Spring Tour":
Unique eunuch tourists, partial shock phenology new.
Yunxia out of the sea dawn, Mei Liu crossed the river in spring.
Lady's breath promotes yellow birds, and the clear light turns to green apples.
Overhearing the ancient tune of the song, I want to dip the towel.
Jinling, is now Changzhou, Jiangsu, at that time Du Zhenyan was serving in the neighboring county of Jiangyin, and his colleague Lu Mou often sang and sang with him, and the original poem of his friend Lu Mou's "Early Spring Travel" was no longer available, but Du Zhenyan's poem was handed down, which showed its goodness.
"Unique eunuch tourists, partial shock phenology new", this sentence has touched the hearts of many wanderers for more than a thousand years, it is true that only the wanderers who go out to make a living are more sensitive and concerned about the changes in the weather and phenology, that is because there is a contrast with the hometown memory in the heart. In the early spring of Jiangnan, at the same time, the grass and trees in the hometown have not yet germinated, so they are "shocked", invisibly revealing the homesickness hidden in the depths of their hearts.
Then later describes a picture of the early spring breeze: spring is from the east of the sea beautifully, the rising sun, the clouds steaming Xiawei, plum blossom willow trees these seasonal flowers and trees in the first month, in the Central Plains or stepping on the snow to find plums, looking at the willow color, crossing to this side of the river, Jiangnan is plum red willow green, flowers and grasses, and in the warm spring wind, yellow oriole birds chirping, pleasant and cheerful, under the clear sun, the water and grass in the clear water waves swaying, green Ping has changed from tender green to dark green...
This school of glass spring light, from the sea to the water town, from the sky to the ground, from the tree to the water, there is light, shadow, color, sound, a warm and bright spring scenery jumps on the paper, but each sentence implies an invisible contrast, suggesting that the phenology of Jiangnan is earlier than the spring in the hometown, and it is precisely because of the nostalgia everywhere.
The last painting style suddenly changed: "Overhearing the ancient tune of the song, returning to the thought of the towel", the spring scenery is like a painting suddenly heard the friend's chant, the yo-yo ancient tune hit the heart, and finally triggered the recoil of the hidden forbearance, almost a little tears spilled on the placket.
In just forty words, the history is picturesque, the characters are tempered, the structure is exquisite, the emotions are full, and the spring beauty of the foreign land in the eyes of the wanderer, and the deep attachment to the hometown in the heart of the wanderer, are vividly expressed in place, worthy of being the founder of the Tang Dynasty's close-body poetry. Even Du Fu, who had a low-key and calm personality, also crowned his arrogant grandfather: "Wuzu Poetry Guangu", and the Ming Dynasty literary and art critic Hu Yinglin also praised Du Zhenyan as "the first of the five-word poems of the early Tang Dynasty".
This Du Zhenyan is indeed talented, so if he does not pay attention, he will be arrogant and arrogant, and he will not be ashamed of his words. The other three in the "Four Friends of the Article" are also well-known talents, Li Zhao's poetry is well-known, and he is also a phase twice; Cui Rong is the teacher of The Crown Prince Li Xian, and his learning is not high; Su Wei is talented, his poetry is first-class, but he is also the ancestor of su Dongpo, who is more talented. Of course, at this time, we do not compare future generations, and if we compare, maybe the madman Du Zhenyan will jump out of the coffin and say: "Without my grandson Du Fu's poems for your children and grandchildren to study, it is not certain whether there is an eastern slope and a western slope!" ”
These three unusual figures, Du Zhenyan in addition to having a friendship with Cui Rongshang, the rest is not put in the eyes, the history books record that when Su Wei was a Tianguan Waiter, it was equivalent to our modern head of the Ministry of Culture, at this time Du Zhenyan was an ordinary official in the ministry, once participated in the pre-selection trial of officials, after coming out, Du Zhenyan said to people: "The taste will die!" The listener asked why? Answered: "When he sees me judged, he will be ashamed to death!" "Everyone fell, how confident is this in his own talent, his sentence is so good that he is so good that he is crying ghosts and gods, Su Wei will die in shame when he sees it?!" Perhaps this is also an arrogant joke between talented friends, Su Wei did not pay attention to it, but Du Zhenyan's often unguarded and unspoken personality will inevitably give people the impression of conceit and arrogance, easy to be hated, and eventually attract the disaster of blood and light ——
In the spring of 698, the first year of the Wuhou Holy Calendar, Du Zhenyan was demoted to the rank of Deputy of the Local Finance Bureau. At the time of parting, Song Zhiqing and Chen Ziang both gave poems to write a preface to his farewell, which is recorded in the Old Book of Tang. Du Zhenyan learned with a full belly and went on the road proudly.
Jizhou is the ancient Luling Tomb, where Ji'an, Jiangxi is now located, Du Zhenyan was sent from the Beijing official in Luoyang City to the local post of Seven Pins, the top boss was Guo Ruone, and the Jizhou Sima was Zhou Jizhong, both of whom were yin seal officials of the imperial court, that is, the official position of Pin Daddy, and Du Zhenyan, a great talent who relied on Keju as an official, such an arrogant personality, how could he put the unlearned and unskilled Pin Daddy official in his eyes?
Du Zhenyan was arrogant and talented, and as soon as he came, he annoyed his superiors, and there were many discord with his colleagues. In their hearts, the Yin Feng officials also did not take the imperial officials seriously: The world was laid down by my old sons, what qualifications do you poor students who dance and ink talk about the world with us? Chen Ruone, the director of the Finance Bureau, hurt his face at his subordinate Du Zhenyan, so he found Vice Mayor Zhou Jizhong to file a complaint, and Zhou Jizhong also remembered that he was hated by Du Zhenyan, and he had long wanted to get rid of it quickly, so the two of them designed it, and put Du Zhenyan into prison on the charge of fabricating charges and sentenced him to death.
What is the origin of these two, so arrogant? Speaking of Zhou Jizhong alone, he is the fourth son of Princess Linchuan, and the mother of Princess Linchuan is Li Shimin's Concubine Wei Guifei, so Li Shimin is Zhou Jizhong's grandfather, and he is stained with imperial relatives and state relatives.
At that time, with Du Zhenyan to live with The second son Du He, only 13 years old, when he heard that the old father was worried about his life, he did not think about it, was sad and indignant, secretly plotting to avenge his father, and finally waited for an opportunity, on July 12, 699, when the Zhou Mansion held a banquet, he took the opportunity to blend into the palace, and when Zhou Ji was drunk, he suddenly drew out the dagger hidden in his sleeve and stabbed the enemy, and the officers and soldiers in the palace immediately surrounded him and hacked him to death.
This explosive news immediately spread throughout the world, and Du He became the youngest assassin hero of datang. Zhou Jizhong died of his injuries shortly after, leaving a sentence before dying: "There is filial piety in the trial, I don't know, if you misunderstand me." That meant, if he had known that Du Zhenyan had a filial piety, he would not have dared to harm him at will.
The ancients had great respect for filial piety, and the 13-year-old child avenged his father's assassination of the magnates, and this filial piety was recognized by all sectors of society and also alarmed the government and the public, Xu Guogong personally wrote an epitaph, Wu Zetian's royal writer Liu Yunji wrote a tribute to the table, and Du Zhenyan was also recalled by Wu Zetian.
Du Zhenyan because of his own personality, lost a son to save his life, perhaps repented of the beginning, thus changing a lot, Wu Zetian did not think much about the assassination of the royal foreign relatives, re-activated and reused him, for Xie En, Du Zhenyan "danced to thank you", and was ordered to write "Joyful Song", Wu Hou was very satisfied, and was awarded the title of Zuo Lang, an official to the catering department wai lang.
Fortunately, Du Xian, du Xian, the eldest son of Du Xian, that is, Du Fu's father, did not follow his father to Jizhou, otherwise, he might have gone to die with Du Fu and his second uncle to avenge his father, and our poet Du Fu would not even have the chance to be born.
Du Zhenyan was full of gratitude for Wu Zetian's reappointment, and he was close to Zhang Yizhi, who was favored by Empress Wu, which was also the foreshadowing of the tragedy. In the "Shenlong Coup" in 705 AD, Zhang Yizhi was killed, Wu Zetian was forced to abdicate, Du Zhenyan and Su Wei, who were believed to be related to the Zhang brothers, were implicated, and Du Zhenyan was exiled to Fengzhou (in present-day Vietnam), which was the last few years of his life.
On the way to exile, when crossing the Xiangjiang River, he left this beautiful and hurtful poem "Crossing the Xiang River":
Late days of garden sadness in the past, this spring flowers and birds as a side sorrow.
The people of Beijing are channeling south, not like the xiang river flowing north.
Spring is late, the scenery is still the same, the birds and flowers in the garden are fragrant, the same as in the past, but now in my eyes it is different, this spring flowers and birds, are full of border sorrows, poor I, the people of Beijing, want to go to the southern wilderness, it is better to this Xiangjiang River, flowing north.
At that time, the northern cities of Chang'an and Luoyang were prosperous and developed areas, the south was still an undeveloped "barbarian land", the difference between the north and the south was very large, not to mention that it was still exiled to the south so remote as Vietnam, so on the way to exile, I saw the Xiang River rolling to the north, and I was also full of envy, perhaps thinking in my heart, time can never go back, the home of the north, I am afraid it is difficult to return.
The world is two vast, and the news of the death of Su Wei and Cui Rong in the article Four Friends has been transmitted one after another, which makes people feel sad. Xu was a pity for the imperial court, recalled Du Zhenyan, and served as the head of the State Zi Supervisor Bo and Xiu Wenguan Zhi bachelor until his death. Before he was seriously ill and dying, Song Zhiqing and Wu Pingyi and others went to visit him, and the terminally ill caizi still couldn't help but speak wildly: "What is the pain of creating children?" However, I am here, I have been pressed for a long time, and now I am dead, and I am very relieved, but I hate not seeing anyone else. "--God, this boy has hurt me, I have nothing to say, but I live, the talent of the old pressure on you can't get out, now you are going to die, but I regret that I can't find someone to replace me--it is estimated that everyone can only look at each other when they hear it, and I can't take it.
A generation of madmen Du Zhenyan died in 708 AD, four years later, Du Fu was born, and the next generation inherited the talent of poetry, and the later saying that the masterpiece "when feeling the flowers splash tears, hate other birds are frightened", is there his grandfather's style? Therefore, Du Fu once said that "poetry is my family affair" and said that poetry is the traditional craft of the Du family, which is really not exaggerated.
Looking at his life, although Du Zhenyan is talented, but arrogant and arrogant, this character is a unique personality of the literati, in the official field has to turn over, Kong Shengren taught the "gentleman is sensitive to words and sensitive to deeds" He did not care at all, the Analects have clouds: "A word to rejuvenate the state, a word to lose the state", not to mention speaking for the official, cautious and cautious, Du Zhenyan's name is "prudent", partial mouth does not choose words, completely by the nature of the opposite name, like a super joke of fate.
Put into modern times, Du Zhenyan, such a personality of the literati inker, may belong to the casual, true temperament of the interesting people, but if it is in the workplace, do not learn from him, in the workplace can not control the mouth is a big taboo, freedom of speech is not borderless, talk does not spare people, is to plant their own mines, moreover, even if the talent of the world, in the end, there are people outside the people, there is a sky outside the sky, not inferior to the words may not be really strong, secretly think, gentlemen and obedient without accommodation, is the posture that the real strong should be.
-Author-
Yihu, a member of the Writers Association of Wujiang District, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, is a lover of poetry.