<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Liu Kezhuang: high and pure like a man, patriotic like Jiaxuan</h1>
In the history of Chinese literature, there is a term called "Xin Pai San Liu" refers to Liu Guo, Liu Chenweng and Liu Kezhuang in the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty, among these three people, this Liu Kezhuang official has done the most, and the other two are very sad, that Liu Guo, although he and Xin abandoned the disease, but it is cloth for life.
Since these three people are all regarded as "Xin Pai lyricists", of course, those who are similar to Xin Shuyi's word style belong to the so-called Extravagant Faction; in fact, these three people, like Xin Abandoning Disease, write "Zhuang Words" with a sense of extravagance, which is less than one hundred, and more is also like Xin Zi's "Bright Moon Branches Frightening Magpies, The Breeze Sings Cicadas in the Middle of the Night", but in terms of feeling, Liu Kezhuang's achievements should be the highest among the three.
Liu Kezhuang was lucky, he did not experience the pain of subjugation, he died ten years before the Battle of Yashan, so as a temple man, he did not have the same cloth as Liu Guo, nor did he have the pain of Liu Chenweng's failure to resist the Yuan, in that era, it was fortunate.
Liu Kezhuang (Chinese: 刘克庄; pinyin: Lī Kīng Đồng Đạng Đồng Đồng Đạng Đại
His career went up and down several times, and he spent ten years idle, during which he served in many prefectures and prefectures, leaving his post at the age of 77 due to eye disease; four years later, he was specially awarded the Bachelor of Longtuge, and died at the age of 82, with the nickname "Wending".
The poet Ander has a green shirt, and this year and a million silks.
Since then, the West Lake has been planted with willows, and the remaining mulberry trees have been planted to raise Silkworms.
This should be that he wrote the poem in his early years, because the angry thing in the poem is the "Jiading Peace Agreement", Han Nongxu was killed due to the failure of the Northern Expedition, and the Southern Song Dynasty once again signed a more humiliating agreement, as a patriotic young man with warm blood, his feelings felt greatly hurt from imagination, so in the poem, Liu Kezhuang satirized the partial security policy of the Southern Song Dynasty court, so it can also be known that this Liu Kezhuang is a proper main warrior.
Liu Kezhuang can be said to have been born in a family of officials and eunuchs for generations, his ancestors and fathers were both born into the Priesthood and were high-ranking officials of the Southern Song Dynasty, and they received a good Confucian education since childhood. "Probably also a young genius.
His teacher was after Cheng Zhu, who was the same as Wei Weng and the scientific name of Ru Zhendexiu, "the teacher who received from his father's teacher is not shallow", he should not have participated in the examination, because according to the general law, it is the first examination, and then the appointment, and he is the first official, and then he has this "conferred the same jinshi origin".
The reason for this origin is that "the literary name is long-standing, and the historiography is particularly refined", and it is specially taught by Song Lizong, which shows that his reputation at that time was not small.
The reason why Liu Kezhuang can successfully become an official is still relying on "Enyin", that is, a kind of inheritance of his predecessors as officials, he first studied at the highest school in the country, "crowned in the national palace", and then had the opportunity to learn from Zhen Dexiu.
As a disciple of a master of science, Liu Kezhuang should be regarded as a beneficiary after the imperial court rehabilitated the "Qingyuan Party Ban", as a literati, he became an official at the age of 22, later a Jing'an book in Jiangxi, and at the age of 37, he knew Jianyang in Fujian.
After more than ten years of mixing, he is still a small remote county-level leader, which is very inconsistent with his reputation, perhaps, he is not a cadre in governing the localities, and the planning of major policies or cultural construction is his strong point.
But I think that the reason for his long wandering in the lower ranks of officials is most likely due to his some arrogance and bravado.
Can a piece teach a broken intestine, can it be flat to build more walls?
Drifting like a migrant to come over the ridge, falling like a rioter going to Xiang.
Random points of berry moss are numerous, and the sleeves of the even sticky sleeves are fragrant for a long time;
The East Wind falsely holds the power of the flower, but it is afraid of being lonely and high.
This poem is called "Falling Plum", which he wrote during his tenure in Jianyang, in which he compares himself to Han Yu, alluding to Qu Yuan, comparing the east wind to those in power, flaunting his own purity with falling plums without losing its fragrance, and making a bitter satire on those who are jealous of xianxian and suppress talents.
It was this poem that made Liu Kezhuang suffer a ten-year dismissal, during which he retired to the countryside and lived a leisurely life of fishing trees and singing, but he was still very concerned about current politics, and had deep concerns about the current situation of the dynasty at that time, "the national pulse was as small as a wisp", and also wrote a lot of works with great ambition.
However, Liu Kezhuang caused trouble because of poetry, for him personally, it seems to be a case, but in fact, it is actually a big political struggle above the court, which is the so-called "Jianghu Poetry Case", just like the "Wutai Poetry Case" of Su Dongpo in the Northern Song Dynasty.
This is more complicated to say, to put it simply, by Song Lizong and shi Miyuan, the powerful minister at the time, the two were the "legitimacy" of the struggle for the throne, and a great persecution of political opponents, including a number of poets who were called the "Jianghu Poetry School" by the people at the time, of course, including this Liu Kezhuang.
Fortunately, later he was used again and went to the Privy Council as a famous editor, but for some reason, he was sent to a foreign country to become a Zhizhou, and eight years later he was recalled and given the title of Right Attendant; he was demoted again, and three years later, because of the appreciation of Emperor Rizong, he not only gave him a birth, but also served as a secretary and editor of the National History Academy, at this time he was 59 years old.
At this time, when Jia Xiangdao was popular, Liu Kezhuang had a long friendship with Jia's father, "the old family of the world", and he never did not shy away from his appreciation of Jia Xiangdao, saying that he was "loyal to the work a hundred times more than the Qing sacrifice, and Huai Xian obeyed the good, and there was no intention of being able to do it." ”
Jia Rudao was positioned by later generations as a traitor, and was famous in the "Biography of the Adulterous Minister" of the Song Shi, and it was precisely because of Liu Kezhuang's appreciation of Jia Xiangdao that he was identified as a vassal of power, such as the "Four Libraries of the Whole Book" on the iron iron identification that it was "the late festival does not end, which was quite ridiculed at the time." ”
In his early years, when he first entered the army, he was still a hot-blooded young man with great ambition and the ambition to repay the country, and in his poems, he was indeed full of ambition and pride like xin abandoning the disease "Jinge Iron Horse".
I am less than a little strange festival, quite sarcastic, jade Guan Dingyuan, the pot head is new. A sword to defend itself for thousands of miles, choose even the south and north poles. Look at the sai geese, the autumn colors. Not only is the chess piece exaggerated, but Guan Chengjun is also invincible. In the end, I am afraid that it will be difficult to match. The wine sausage poetry gall is newly narrow.
To the westerly wind, ascend to the far horizon, chaotic mountains oblique sun. Andrea bowed and rode fast, talking about wrestling with the princes. Rambling drunk, bar dry frequency shooting. Don't hate the cold toad to leave the sea late, wait for the jun and candle to swim this evening. Easy to buy, hard to come by.
The words of this "He Bridegroom" are full of indignation in the heart, the author laments that the homeland of the Great Song Dynasty is difficult to recover, while the Officials of the Southern Song Dynasty are immersed in the warm wind of the West Lake all day long, and they are in a corner of peace, he is like Xin Abandoning Disease, "Lan Dry Frequent Shooting", the difference is that Xin Abandoned Disease is "no one will, climb the landing intention", and Liu Kezhuang is not so depressed, he is still young, "healthy and rare", is an ambition to resist the Jin and repay the country.
However, after he was deposed and left idle after writing "Falling Plum", his mood changed greatly, and even affected his life, because he was impeached by the inspector Yushi Wu Chang and suffered this misfortune, and he was naturally very jealous of Wu.
Wu was close friends with his teacher and Wei Yiweng and others, so he began to estrange from these people who were originally from the main war faction, and since naishi had become ancient, he actually left the camp of the main war faction.
To say that at this time he turned to Jia Xiangdao, who was the lord and the faction, but he also somewhat wronged him, in fact, at this time, because of the invasion of the Yuan people, the so-called main war lord and faction of the camp has long ceased to exist, and the Southern Song Dynasty is faced with how to keep several strategic places and ensure that a corner of the land is not invaded.
The dispute over the recovery of the homeland occupied by the Jin people has long ceased to exist, but how to adopt the correct strategy in the face of the two major threats of the Jin and Yuan people, and the most important problem in the country is how to protect itself rather than recover.
In the eyes of posterity, it seems that the main war represents positive progress, and the main peace means passive surrender, and Jia Xiangdao is just a powerful minister who strives to protect the Southern Song Dynasty's acre and three points of land from being swallowed by whales.
Liu Kezhuang's personality is very arrogant and crazy, and he himself once said in the words of "A Cut of Plum", "Watching and clapping hands and laughing is crazy, why bother, why is it crazy?" "There are very few people who can get into his eyes, and they don't have a good relationship with the previous prime ministers, and he also despises these people, so he has always been a different kind of person in the DPRK, and once Jia Rudao, who is admired by him, becomes the prime minister, he will of course try his best to stand up."
Jia Rudao's reputation in later generations was very bad, and he was identified as a traitor to the wrong country, although I think he was not a useless person, at least in the defense of Ezhou, as Liu Kezhuang said, "With the preciousness of the yellow robes, the people who prostrate themselves with the soldiers and soldiers lie up for several months." The lonely city that can be full of eggs, sweeping like the iron horse of the mountain, the merit of the world! ”
Later generations have a lot of misreading of him, but to let him carry the disaster of the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty, it is really a bit extreme, as a powerful minister, Jia Rudao is a hand in the imperial court to cover the sky, cracking down on the exclusion of dissidents and such things must have done a lot, but which power minister does not do this kind of thing, do not do it can not be a power minister, we can not use this to determine that Jia Rudao is a traitor!
When Jia Rudao paid homage to him, Liu Kezhuang was already an elderly man at the age of 72, but he disregarded his old age and illness and went out of the mountain again to stand for Jia Rudao.
As a result, Liu Kezhuang was accused of aiding and abetting abuse, colluding with Jia Xiangdao, playing a trick for the tiger, and cracking down on and persecuting many opponents such as Qin Jiushao and Wu Qian. I think this can only be attributed to the cruelty and ruthlessness of politics, and it is also a tragedy that history often plays out.
In the scenery of Putian in Fujian Province, there is a very poetic attraction called "Suixi Fishing Boat", where the scenery is beautiful, Liu Kezhuang rises and falls in the eunuch field, once frustrated, he will return to his hometown and often hang out here.
Here he is near the creek to watch the spring, the egret as a friend, looking at the woodcutter single intestine path, close to the shepherd boy cow back, with the poet friends singing Xuan Dou grass, enjoying the lotus girl no lotus song singing; intoxicated in the embrace of his hometown, how much depression and sorrow in his heart.
The flea in the clear window feels that it loves the morning sun, and the autumn sound outside the bamboo gradually becomes threatening;
The servant arranged for the new warm cabinet, and the old winter coat was ironed and pasted.
Leaf floating tender green wine first ripening, orange cut fragrant yellow crab is fat;
Rongju is enviable all over the garden, and the appreciation is no different from then on.
Liu Kezhuang not only fills in the words well, the poem is also a top work, this poem called "Winter View" is his famous work, from which it can be seen that he is a very emotional, life is also very exquisite person, the poem reveals the idyllic mood of returning to the hidden rivers and lakes, it is really envious, and it is not visible that his sigh about the passage of time is completely like a high-ranking person in the world.
However, his life was a life of active entry into the WTO, he established the dynasty four times, dismissed officials five times, can be described as the eunuch sea ups and downs, cold and warm drinking, however, the heart is not stopped, the ambition to serve the country is not diminished, even on the occasion of the last establishment of the dynasty, he is also a detractor who dares to speak out and criticize the shortcomings of the times.
Liu Kezhuang lived long enough, and in that era should be a rare long-lived person and an old qualified courtier, so although he later awarded the high-ranking official of the Dragon Tuge Bachelor, it was also a fictitious position, an honorary title, and it did not represent the bumps in his career.
The political setback did not crush Liu Kezhuang, but greatly achieved his literary achievements, he can be said to be a writer who can skillfully control any genre, in terms of poetry and articles, the level of application of various genres is quite superb, and the evaluation of him by later dynasties is very high, especially in words, more exquisite, and the Qing dynasty Feng Xu even believes that "Houcun words and Fang Weng, Jiaxuan, Juding three-legged."
From today's point of view, Liu Kezhuang's words are not on the same level as Xin and Lu, and the reason for this result is because he was later considered to be dependent on Jia Xiangdao and was criticized by later generations, if this is really the reason, it is really a pity.
But the same thing is that the three are the main warriors of the blood war between Gao Ge and the foreign race, and in the journey of life, they also show colorful colors, they are all long-lived people, the number of works is among the best among the Song people, Liu Kezhuang has "Mr. Houcun's Complete Works" 196 volumes, including more than 5,000 poems, which can be described as a grand view.
I think that if I can calm down and savor Liu Kezhuang's words, it is also very flavorful, for me, in addition to his magnificent and fierce lyrics, I prefer his fresh minor tones.
The pieces of butterflies are light, the scarlet is small, and the Tao is a heavenly prince who does not hesitate to flower, and there are thousands of tricks.
There are many trees in the morning, and few branches in the twilight. The Tao is the heavenly fruit that cherishes the flowers, and the rain washes the wind and blows.
If you put aside the metaphor that the imperial court does not cherish talented people, if you put aside the metaphor of the imperial court not cherishing talented people, it can also be regarded as a philosophical good word from the metaphor of flowers and trees as a gentleman, the heavenly prince's cherishing flowers, and the metaphor of destroying flowers.
Therefore, I still prefer to classify Liu Kezhuang as a "jianghu poet", because even if he has many words that are close to Xin Renjie, after all, his poems have five thousand, and the words are only hundreds; from the perspective of his poems, the style should be closer to Jiang Kui.
That is to say, although he actively joined the WTO, he repeatedly encountered a wall, and the ups and downs of his life also made him have a feeling of "affection" for joining the WTO, but he was unwilling to work hard in his heart; in this painful process, he wrote a large number of poems reflecting the bitter mood of ambition, and even yearned for retreat.
It is undeniable that as a great poet of the Song Dynasty whose number of poems is second only to Lu You, he is now in a marginalized situation in terms of personal evaluation and artistic appreciation, which must be seriously underestimated.
After entering the modern era, people only mentioned him as a "Xinpai lyricist" when praising the main war faction, otherwise, he was almost forgotten, which cannot but be said to be a very regrettable thing.