The previous article answered the question about Liu Kezhuang's poem "Falling Plum" without plum characters, but writing plum throughout, because the focus is different, there is no appreciation of "Falling Plum", only that this poem is very good.
Today we will analyze this poem in detail to see what is good about him.
A few days ago, I wrote a chapter on the appreciation of "Book Burning Pit", the poem itself is simple, and I commented on the author slightly, because I personally believe that the poet's personality and work are closely related. A good poet, the work can transcend the poet himself, and the readers of later generations will continue to generate their own ideas and interpretations. However, most of the works of ordinary poets are works of temperament, and they cannot get rid of the shackles of their own personality and literary style.
Being able to write poetry in one's own temperament and pass it on pen and ink paper is of course also a skill.
If you want to judge his poetry, first look at his people - although this view has certain limitations, but for those poets who have only a few small poems handed down and no other historical records, it is inseparable from the poet's character to deduce the poet's character from the work, and to reflect on the color of the work from the character.
Liu Kezhuang is different, he is a famous courtier. Among the poets, the official calculation is good, although it has been degraded for a long time, it is still a good end; among the officials, it is not considered that poetry breaks the sky, but in the relatively weak poetry circle of the Southern Song Dynasty, it leads the jianghu poetry school, which is one of the best.
Because of his status as a courtier, especially as an unswerving practitioner of science, Liu Kezhuang had ups and downs in the struggle with the adulterous minister Shi Miyuan, and had long been in turmoil in the lower echelons of his career. It was not until Shi Miyuan's death that he gradually came out, and he struggled all his life to overthrow the remnants of Shi Miyuan's sons and nephews.
This Shi Miyuan was not a good thing, it was precisely in order to seek peace and poison han nongxin, the main force of the anti-Jin resistance. From the perspective of the great righteousness of the nation and the rise and fall of the country, fighting against such people, even if it costs one's own life, is precisely a political opportunity that the science and Confucianism cannot seek, and it is also a must driven by conscience and justice.
Liu Kezhuang is a representative of the Middle School, because of the broadening of his political horizons, his poetic works can be regarded as the leader in the Jianghu poetry school.
The "Jianghu Poetry School" is a poetic school that arose after the Yongjia Four Spirits in the late Southern Song Dynasty, and was named after chen Qi's "Jianghu Collection". The poets recorded in the "Jianghu Collection" are either cloth cloth or low-level officials, with humble status and flaunting the habits of the jianghu. Jianghu poets expressed their longing for seclusion and contempt for their careers, and often denounced the shortcomings of the times, ridiculed the government of the dynasty, and expressed their willingness not to be with the current dynasty.
There are two poems in the "Jianghu Collection", "Autumn Rain Wutong Prince's Mansion, Spring Breeze Yangliu Xianggong Bridge", which is considered by Shi Miyuan, who was in charge of the imperial government, to be mourning the deposed prince Zhao Hu and satirizing himself. As a result, the poetry collection was destroyed, and the author and editor were exiled.
The imperial court even issued a ban on poetry.
Liu Kezhuang, as the leader, was naturally a thorn in Shi Miyuan's eye, and he was spared thanks to the efforts of his colleagues, but he was also devastated. Because of the poetry, even if he is still impeached by the people who are old, he is regarded as a sore spot in Liu Kezhuang's life.
And it is this "Falling Plum" that makes him contaminated with this obscurity:
One piece can teach a broken intestine, but can be flattened to build more walls.
Drifting like a migrant to come over the ridge, falling like a rioter going to Xiang.
There are many random berry mosses, and the sleeves of the even sticky sleeves are fragrant for a long time.
The East Wind falsely holds the power of the flower, but it is afraid of being lonely and high.
The last two sentences "The East Wind falsely holds the power of the flower, but it is afraid of being lonely and high." As for whether to talk about the impropriety of the emperor or to satirize Shi Miyuan's blindness in power, it is not easy to conclude. But in the official arena, it is said that you have it, not to mention this kind of unclear and unclear text lawsuit.
The feud between Shi Miyuan and Liu Kezhuang has a long history, liu Kezhuang's father was a follower of Han Nong's Northern Expedition, and naturally Shi Miyuan had to be particularly careful, and even cut off the forces. Lao Tzu is gone, and it is natural to find his son to settle accounts. Therefore, Shi Miyuan died, shi jia declined, and the emperor tried to promote him many times, but he was impeached and dismissed by Liu Kezhuang, which can also be regarded as revenge for wrongs.
The previous article only criticized the excessive evaluation of the writing method of no plum character in the poem "Falling Plum", and did not analyze the seven laws in detail, and many friends felt that it was not addictive. Today, after understanding Liu Kezhuang's background, let's take a closer look at this work that became his excuse.
This is a seven-word poem that strictly adheres to the law of the plain and the strict.
When discussing Fan Chengda and Yang Wanli emerging from the Jiangxi poetry school, he once said that at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, the literati consciously made breakthroughs and transformations of the law and became a family of their own. However, most poets, such as the Four Spirit Poetry School and the Jianghu Poetry School, did not break through in the format, but only formed their own style in the poetic style. They respect Yao Hejia Island, pay attention to the refinement of words, naturally take the law as the criterion, and refuse to have the attempt of Fan and Yang to break through the format, and their position in the history of poetry is secondary.
The opening sentence "a piece can teach a broken intestine", "piece" is a slang sound, so it is a slang sound, and the "intestine" is a flat sound, so it is a flat harvest. At the same time, the word "teach" is pronounced here in the first flat voice, which means "to make, order, and let", and the whole sentence is "仄仄平平仄仄平", which is a typical sentence of 仄起平收 sentence.
Therefore, the flat relationship of the entire seven laws is in the rhyme format of 仄起 entering the rhyme:
Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping
Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping
Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping
Ping Shu Yan He, Strict Discipline, Ping Shui Yun "Seven Yang" Department. There is no outlaw, declension, basic format you can refer to the column, here is not repeated.
If you want to study the grammar, you can check them one by one, so we skip this step and enter the content explanation.
In terms of content, the Seven Laws originally had a common grammar of "starting from inheritance and turning", but since the Middle Tang And Han Dynasties and the Han Dynasty were more scattered cultures into poetry, and the late Tang Dynasty Li Shangyin was obscured into poetry, the structure of the Seven Laws had several more formats in the original grammar, but it was not far from its origin. No matter how the first link, the jaw joint, and the neck joint change, it comes down to the tail link to make a concluding statement, but the neck link does not necessarily turn, and the tail link does not necessarily converge on the head link.
Liu Kezhuang's "Falling Plum" is a typical first triptych from different angles, and the tail link makes a summary and ideological improvement, sublimates the poet's personal emotions revealed in the ordinary poetry, and completes the entire work.
Because the title "Falling Plum" has already stated that the main purpose of the work is to write plum blossoms, and at the same time uses the word "falling" to roughly standardize the emotional tone of the work - sadness, depression, the death of wounded spring, the withering of wounded flowers.
The first sentence "A piece can teach a broken intestine, but it can be flattened and more stacked walls." "Start directly from the poet's personal feelings and write about the still form of the falling plum."
Every piece of plum falls is a gut breaker, not to mention so many fallen, the petals piled flat on the ground, like a low wall.
To be fair, this kind of writing only emphasizes the number of falling flowers. The meaning of sadness is pushed flat by the word "broken intestine", which is too far from the way Tang poetry is written in the scenery.
"No word writes plum, but sentence by sentence writes plum", but the emotion to be expressed is forcibly inserted with the help of "intestinal break", and the scenery written is not sad, which is the typical characteristics of Song poetry, not melting feelings, strong reasoning.
What is really well written should be that there is no word to write sadness, but it is read by people who are cut off.
The jaw union "floats like a migrant to come over the ridge, and falls like a rioter going to Xiang." "I'm still writing about Mei, but I'm just changing my perspective and writing about the dynamics of Falling Plum." Contrary to what we imagine, Liu Kezhuang did not write about the appearance of the fall, but directly used the two situations of "relocating guests" and "rioting people" to describe the falling plum.
Is there a connection between the two? There is none in form, there is at the level of thought. Liu Kezhuang felt the state of derogatory drifting, like the petals leaving the branches, without dependence, scattered with the wind, turning into mud.
Relocation refers to officials who have been degraded. "Migrants come to the ridge" may be an allusion to han yu that uses "a letter to the ninth heaven, the sunset degrades the Chaozhou Road eight thousand". Riot people, that is, Qu Yuan. "The rioters went to Xiang", referring to Qu Yuan's surrender to the river. Using these two allusions here, we can clearly feel the resentment in the poet's heart. That is to say, when it comes to the dynamic description of the second link, Liu Kezhuang's heart and spirit are emitted, and there is no subtlety or tact, basically belonging to the direct lyricism of the chest.
From the perspective of literary techniques, although the two sentences of the jaw link are neat and tidy, in fact, they are somewhat repetitive in description, wasting pen and ink. They are all emphasizing the derogatory identity, and there is no serious description of the form of Luo Mei — of course, Liu Kezhuangzhi is not here.
It is obvious that the poet focuses on the words and zhi, and the words do not matter - because what he describes is not the real characteristic of Luo Mei, and the angle he chooses is to show the direction of his state of mind.
Neck joint "messy points of berry moss are numerous, and the even sticky sleeves are fragrant for a long time." "I am still writing about the plum, here is the state of the plum blossom after it falls, although the plum is zero into mud, but the aroma is not extinguished."
Too many to count, too much to count. The confrontation between these two sentences is not very neat, but the neck link is higher than the previous emotional direct insertion, and the artistic level is higher. On the surface, it is written about the purity of plum blossoms and leaves incense for a long time, but in fact, it is praising the "migrants" and "rioters" who have been exiled by the relocation but still adhere to the zhi festival, using a euphemism with a pen, and the words are shallow and deep.
This is the expression of good poetry. However, it is also the end, and the tail joint speech is lyrical and two sentences and strongly killed.
Tail union "Dongfeng falsely holds the power of the flower, but it is afraid of being lonely and high and not advocating." Dafa sighed, who is so ridiculous? Let the East Wind take charge of the power of life and death of plum blossoms (blowing down plum blossoms), it is jealous of the lonely beauty of plum blossoms, arbitrarily destroyed, and ruthlessly.
Advocate, here is the meaning of advocacy, support. The irony of this league is very strong.
The meaning of the text is probably that the emperor is a dimwitted monarch, so that Shi Miyuan has great power, and he destroys and persecutes the rulers of the country with a high mind, just like the East Wind treats Plum Blossom, jealous of the ability of the sages, and endangers the country.
Of course, Liu Kezhuang may not be so bold, but it certainly has such a meaning.
We have said many times, Song poetry is like this, you look at it is writing scenes, he is actually reasonable, you look at it is a chant, he is actually still reasoning, not to mention that the poet is still a full-fledged theoretician.
Overall, this poem is lackluster from an artistic point of view, no better than Tang poetry, even compared to the works of many poets in the Song Dynasty. However, from the perspective of Jing Guo Ji Shi and satirical Yu Mingzhi, he is very conspicuous, very rational and full of righteousness, and the feelings and arrogance of pointing out the world. In the decadent ambition of the late Southern Song Dynasty, this style is serious and rare.
Hence what we call good poetry.
It is not surprising that this kind of rigidity allowed Liu Kezhuang to be shi miyuan for ten years after the Jianghu poetry case.
Why he wrote this poem, one is faith, but the source of family learning, and the third is public heart. At that time, there were many people who maintained this mentality, so the "Jianghu Collection" would be turned into a "poetry case" by Shi Miyuan.
Ten years later, Shi Miyuan died, and Liu Kezhuang was relieved. He himself knew where the bad luck of the past ten years had come from, and although he had reflected on it, he still had no remorse. This is the path of justice of Song Dynasty science—by no means a distorted feudal theory after the Ming and Qing dynasties.
In the previous article, we also mentioned another Yongmei poem written by Liu Kezhuang ten years later, which is limited to the theme of the article and has no explanation, and here we will talk about it together:
"Visiting Mei Jiujie After Illness"
Mengde moved to the left because of the peach, and Changyuan was in power for Liu Chen.
Fortunately, I did not know peach and willow, but I was tired of plum blossoms for ten years.
This is a song that rhymes with the seven gems of the "one first" part of the flat water rhyme. There is no place for the law, the specific flat servant will not analyze, interested to see the law column, here to talk about the content.
"Dream because of the peach but move left", dream, is Liu Yuxi's word. Here it is about Liu Yuxi being relegated to Beijing after being degraded for more than ten years because of the "Eight Sima Incident", his neck was very hard, and when he went to enjoy the peach blossoms, he wrote "Drama to See the Gentlemen of Flowers" to satirize and suppress his magnates, and as a result, he was exiled to Liuzhou. Left migration, the ancients respected the right, left migration is demeaning.
"Changyuan is in power for Liu Chen", Changyuan, is the word for Li Bi. Li Bi once wrote the poem "Wing Liu", which has the sentence "Qingqing Dongmen Liu, the age will be only emaciated". Yang Guozhong believed that Li Bi 's "referring to Liu scolding Yang" was a satire on him, so he was demoted. Pestle, violation.
"Fortunately, I didn't know peach and willow, but I was tired of plum blossoms for ten years." I was fortunate that I did not know the disaster of peach blossoms and willow trees, but I was dragged down for ten years because I wrote plum blossoms.
This kind of daring to speak bluntly, satirize, and satirize is an independent and enterprising temperament among traditional scholars. Chinese traditional knowledge elements are also particularly strong because of this spiritual inheritance.
In some ways, it is true that this is not as good as in the past.
In terms of poetry and poetry, Liu Kezhuang's "Falling Plum" is really general, but it reflects his spiritual world, which is upward, outspoken, and upright.
When we look at the works, we not only look at the writing and form, but also consider it from the spiritual perspective of the traditional scholar, but also from the perspective of his own life experiences and career twists and turns, this kind of mentality of those who dare to criticize the authorities is worthy of our study and praise.
The above is a supplement to yesterday's article.