preface
Photo of General Zhang Yunyi
My father, a man who has attached great importance to seeking truth from facts all his life, has always been a person who does specific work. In the long revolution, no matter how much merit he made, his father never showed off himself. In life, my father never told us about his great achievements in the revolution. In order to learn more about my father, I began to collect all kinds of precious materials about my father's revolution, and my father's life can be almost synchronized with China's modern revolutionary history. —Zhang Yunyi's son Zhang Guangdong
In 1974, Deng Xiaoping came to Beijing to visit Zhang Yunyi, Deng Xiaoping: 45 years of watching over each other, you have to get better
Since 1970, Zhang Yunyi's health has begun to deteriorate. In 1973, Zhang Yunyi, who was seriously ill, was admitted to the hospital accompanied by his wife. After Zhang Guangdong, who has been working in the great mountain ravine in Sichuan for a long time, learned of the news that his father was seriously ill, he immediately applied to the organization for leave and requested to go home to visit his old father. The superior leaders were well aware of Zhang Guangdong's situation, and after graduating from the Kazakh military industry, Zhang Guangdong never saw his father again, so they approved Zhang Guangdong's request.
On the way home, Zhang Guangdong, who was concerned about his father, did not rest for a moment, and he remembered that his father had taught him. In all these years of working, I dare not forget a moment. As a son, he did not fulfill his filial piety, and Zhang Guangdong was full of remorse.
Zhang Yunyi and his wife Han Bi take a group photo
Zhang Guangdong finally came to his father's hospital room, as soon as he entered the ward, he found his father dying on the bed, Zhang Guangdong immediately knelt in front of his father and said loudly: "Maybe he heard his son's call, Zhang Yunyi, who had been in a coma for a long time, woke up slowly. He recognized at a glance his son, whom he had not seen in years. Zhang Yunyi, who saw his son, was very excited in his heart. He said with difficulty, ""
Hearing his father's words, Zhang Guangdong immediately turned his back, how many years, his father has never made his own demands to himself? Although his father was usually very strict with him. Zhang Guangdong knew that it was his father's expectation and encouragement for himself. My father hid his love for himself deeply in his heart.
Zhang Guangdong knows very well that as a son, his father at this time really needs himself, however, the work of Sichuan Dashangou has also reached a critical juncture, which temporarily makes Zhang Guangdong difficult. Zhang Guangdong hated himself and could not accompany his father when he was seriously ill to fulfill his filial piety. The news that Zhang Yunyi was seriously ill attracted the attention of Chairman Mao and other central leaders, and Chairman Mao sent people to call many times to inquire about Zhang Yunyi's physical condition and instructed the relevant departments to cure Zhang Yunyi's illness.
Zhang Yunyi and Zhang Guangdong during the Young Pioneer period
After Zhang Guangdong's superiors learned about the relevant situation, they considered Zhang Yunyi's past contributions to the party and the people. At this time, Zhang Yunyi really needed the care of Zhang Guangdong and other relatives. With the approval of their superiors, Zhang Guangdong and his wife were eventually transferred back to Beijing to work.
。 In order to take care of their father, Zhang Guangdong and his wife did not complain about such a difficult environment.
In addition to their daily work, Zhang Guangdong and his wife accompanied Zhang Yunyi. Mr. and Mrs. Zhang Guangdong learned from doctors that in addition to the diseases left behind in the war, Zhang Yunyi also found severe cerebral thrombosis and cholelithiasis. The physical condition is precarious.
Zhang Yunyi took photos with his grandchildren in the 1960s
After Zhang Yunyi became seriously ill, in addition to the condolences of Chairman Mao, Premier Zhou, and Deng Xiaoping, many of his old comrades-in-arms and old partners did not shy away from risks and came to the hospital to visit. Including: Ye Jianying, Tan Zhenlin, Wei Guoqing, Mo Wenye...
In February 1974, Zhang Yunyi's cerebral thrombosis became more severe, and a serious illness caused him to lose half of his body and be unable to speak. In order to better treat Zhang Yunyi, under the advice of the doctor, Zhang Yunyi was transferred to Beijing 301 Hospital under the escort of his family. In November 1974, Zhang Yunyi's best partner in life, Deng Xiaoping, gradually resumed his work. After Deng Xiaoping learned the news that Zhang Yunyi was seriously ill, he rushed to the 301 Hospital as soon as possible to visit him. Zhang Yunyi opened his eyes with difficulty and saw Deng Xiaoping's old partner visiting him, and Zhang Yunyi shed tears of emotion. He said with difficulty, ""
In 1958, Zhang Yunyi and Wei Guoqing talked together for a group photo
Hearing Zhang Yunyi's words, Deng Xiaoping couldn't help but shed tears. Subsequently, he tightly held Zhang Yunyi's hand and said to Zhang Yunyi: ""
Subsequently, Deng Xiaoping recalled to Zhang Guangdong and his wife that he and Zhang Yunyi were in the revolution, and they witnessed their 45 years of profound revolutionary friendship.
Deng Xiaoping's life photos
Deng Xiaoping recalled: Zhang Yunyi almost became a revolutionary martyr
Deng Xiaoping recalled to Zhang Guangdong and his wife: Among all the generals who founded the country, your father Zhang Yunyi can be counted as the most senior. In 1908, at the age of 16, he was successfully admitted to the Guangdong Army Primary School. At that time, the domestic revolution was in full swing. Zhang Yunyi was deeply influenced by the Three People's Principles, and during his school years, he secretly joined the League led by Sun Yat-sen, and then joined the revolutionaries in the wave of the revolution that overthrew the Qing Dynasty.
After the defeat of the Xinhai Revolution, Zhang Yunyi did not lose his revolutionary fighting spirit and continued to follow Sun Yat-sen's team in the revolution. This uprising was later known as the Huanghuagang Uprising. During this uprising, Zhang Yunyi was ordered to serve as the captain of the bomb brigade of the Revolutionary Army. After the uprising broke out, Zhang Yunyi led the revolutionary team to engage in a fierce street battle with the Qing army.
Huanghuagang uprising photo
Because the enemy was outnumbered, Zhang Yunyi and the revolutionaries had no choice but to retreat after a day and night of bitter fighting. They are hidden in a house. In order to understand the movement of the Qing army, in the early morning of the next day, Zhang Yunyi pretended to go to the city to buy vegetables according to the requirements of the organization, and Zhang Yunyi paid attention to the surrounding movements while buying vegetables, and at the same time asked the vegetable vendors about the situation of the Qing army, so as to seek a breakthrough for the remaining revolutionaries.
After Zhang Yunyi found out the enemy situation, he was ready to go back to report the situation to his comrades, but when he arrived nearby, the revolutionaries' residence was already surrounded by Qing legions, and the Qing army arrested all the revolutionary comrades in the residence, and then brutally shot them at the intersection. After the Qing army retreated, the kind citizens of Guangzhou collected the bodies of these revolutionaries, collected the remains of 72 revolutionary martyrs, and buried them in Huanghuagang, which is the 72 martyrs of Huanghuagang.
At this point, Deng Xiaoping paused deliberately for a moment, and then continued:
”
Photo of members of the League
Deng Xiaoping: Nanning, Guangxi, I became a good partner for your father
After the failure of the Huanghuagang Uprising, Zhang Yunyi was determined to continue the revolution. At the suggestion of Sun Yat-sen, Zhang Yunyi continued to return to the Guangdong Army Crash School to study. Two years later, he came to the Revolutionary Army garrison in Hainan for training. In 1915, Zhang Yunyi led a revolutionary team to participate in the Patriotic War against Yuan Shikai. In 1924, Zhang Yunyishuai did not participate in quelling the rebellion of the Merchant League, which once attracted the attention of Chiang Kai-shek, and his troops were called "Victory Tour".
In 1926, during the Northern Expedition of the National Revolutionary Army, Zhang Yunyi served as the chief of staff of the division in the Fourth Army, which was known as the Iron Army, and it was here that he first came into contact with the Communist Party and was immediately attracted by the revolutionary belief of the Communist Party. He was determined to follow the Communist Party in the revolution, and Zhang Yunyi secretly joined the Communist Party of China.
In 1927, Chiang Kai-shek plotted to betray the revolution and massacre the Communists, allowing Zhang Yunyi to see once again the dictatorship and corruption of the Kuomintang. Zhang Yunyi strengthened his determination to follow the Communist Party in the revolution. With Chiang Kai-shek's rebellion, the Revolution ultimately failed. After the defeat of the Great Revolution, the Central Committee decided to send Zhang Yunyi to the Soviet Union to study.
First from the left: Zhang Yunyi
However, the domestic struggle at that time was complex. The revolutionary forces of the early stages of the Red Army were weak and small, and comrades with experience in struggle were needed to develop the revolution. At the same time, the Central Committee considered that Zhang Yunyi had a close relationship with the upper echelons of the Kuomintang, and his identity was not exposed, hoping that Zhang Yunyi could temporarily go to the Soviet Union to study, stay in China to develop the revolution, and strengthen the revolutionary forces of the Red Army.
Zhang Yunyi agreed to the demands of the central authorities and decided not to study in the Soviet Union and stay at home to carry out armed uprisings. In July 1929, according to the requirements of the central government, Zhang Yunyi came to Nanning, Guangxi to do military movement work. He used the Kuomintang's upper-class connections to successfully infiltrate the Guangxi warlord forces controlled by Yu Zuobai and Li Mingrui. Subsequently, he successfully took over important military units such as the Guangxi Provincial Armory. It was also in Nanning, Guangxi, that Deng Xiaoping became acquainted with Zhang Yunyi and became a good partner in his revolution.
After the separation of Nanning, Deng Xiaoping took the local revolutionary forces and followed the boats of the Guangxi Armory to the Youjiang area. Zhang Yunyi took the Guangxi warlord troops he had taken over all the way to the west, and the two teams of men and horses met at the town of Pingma, and then all the way to Baise. At this time, after many years of peasant movement in Baise, Guangxi, there was a good revolutionary mass base in the local area. These revolutionary masses provided favorable conditions for the success of the Future Baise Uprising and the creation of the Red Revolutionary Base Area.
Bose Uprising
In October 1929, Zhang Yunyi was thirty-seven years old, Deng Xiaoping was twenty-five years old, although the difference between the two was 12 years old, but the two were the same at first sight, there was no estrangement at all, Zhang Yunyi was like a big brother, everything took care of Deng Xiaoping, in the process of revolution, Zhang Yunyi did not despise Deng Xiaoping because he was young, but he had great respect for Deng Xiaoping, although Deng Xiaoping was young, he had the etiquette of a junior, and he also had great respect for Zhang Yunyi. The two men met for only two days before agreeing on the work of the uprising.
Zhang Yunyi knew very well that in order to succeed in the Baise Uprising, in addition to the support of the masses, the number of troops and weapons and equipment were even more important, so Zhang Yunyi used his connections with the Kuomintang in Guangxi to raise more than 40,000 silver dollars for the rebel troops, which greatly enhanced the combat effectiveness of the army.
In order to better train the team, Zhang Yunyi and Deng Xiaoping implemented a series of measures after consultation. Zhang Yunyi once said: If the workers and peasants in an old-style army do not have the advantage, then it will be difficult to change its bad work style and bad habits, and it will be difficult for us to grasp this army and be difficult to consolidate.
Monument to the Baise Uprising
For this reason, .
。 In addition to the daily training of the soldiers, these party organizations regularly infiltrated and instilled revolutionary ideas into the soldiers, so that the soldiers could all accept the communist faith and make them ideologically the people's ranks.
。 Through the struggle, on the one hand, the evils of the reactionary officers were exposed and their prestige was destroyed; on the other hand, the revolutionary consciousness of the masses was further enhanced in the actual struggle, and they supported the ideas of the Communist Party even more, thus uniting around the Communist Party. Thanks to the efforts of Zhang Yunyi and Deng Xiaoping, this unit has completely become the people's army.
Right River Soviet Government
On December 1, 1929, with the completion of the training and deployment of the army, Zhang Yunyi, Deng Xiaoping and others discussed and decided to officially launch the Baise Uprising on the second anniversary of the Guangzhou Uprising. This was another red uprising launched by our army on its own initiative against the Kuomintang reactionaries. After this uprising, a base area in the far south of the Chinese revolution, the Left and Right Rivers Revolutionary Base Area, was built. In addition, according to the requirements of the Party Central Committee, Zhang Yunyi and Deng Xiaoping officially named the unit led by the Seventh Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, with Zhang Yunyi as its commander and Deng Xiaoping as its political commissar.
Deng Xiaoping: Crossing the Wujiang River by force, Chairman Mao praised Zhang Yunyi
In 1934, due to the wrong left-leaning command of Wang Ming and Bogu, the Fifth Anti-Encirclement and Suppression Campaign of the Red Army ultimately failed. The Central Committee led the Red Army to be forced to carry out a strategic campaign, and the twenty-five thousand mile long march began.
After the bloody battle on the Xiang River, the Kuomintang saw the hope of annihilating the Red Army, and in order to further encircle and suppress the Red Army, Chiang Kai-shek sent 400,000 troops to pursue and intercept the remaining 30,000 Red Army.
In the face of the Kuomintang's encirclement, pursuit, and interception, the Red Army had little room left to live. After many meetings, the Central Committee held that only by successfully crossing the Wujiang River could the Red Army be temporarily freed from the Pursuit of the Kuomintang. At the same time, taking into account Zhang Yunyi's rich experience in struggle, Chairman Mao sent Zhang Yunyi, deputy chief of staff, to assist Liu Bocheng in commanding the battle. At the behest of Chairman Mao and other central leaders, Liu Bocheng and Zhang Yunyi immediately went to the Front Line of the Wujiang River for on-the-spot investigation.
In order to prevent the Red Army from crossing the river, the Kuomintang joined forces with local reactionary organizations to destroy all the ships near the Wu river.
However, in the process of crossing the river, the Kuomintang opposition on the other side launched a fierce attack on the Red Army. The Red Army's first crossing of the river ended in failure. Zhang Yunyi knew very well that he must now compete with the enemy for time, and every minute and second was related to the life and death of the Red Army. In order to stabilize the situation, Zhang Yunyi consulted with Shi Changjie, the technical guide of the river crossing, and used a large stone as a large stone anchor to drag the gate bridge.
Commemorative photo of the forced crossing of the Wujiang River
As the number of Casualties of the Red Army rose, Zhang Yunyi and Shi Changjie looked in their eyes and were anxious in their hearts. Ishi Nagasuke asked him to personally participate in the battle. Before leaving, Zhang Yunyi held his hand tightly and warned him to pay attention to safety. Before Zhang Yunyi could finish speaking, Shi Changjie and the other Red Army continued to advance brave enemy fire. In the end, the gate bridge on which our army relied to cross the river was successfully built, and the Red Army successfully occupied the other side of the Wu River after a tenacious battle. In this battle, Ishi Nagasuke was unfortunately killed. Zhang Yunyi recalled many years later:.
The news of the victory at the Battle of Wujiang was soon learned by Chairman Mao. Zhang Yunyi's heroic performance in this battle was greatly praised by Liu Bocheng and Chairman Mao. Zhang Yunyi did not have the slightest joy in Chairman Mao's praise. Zhang Yunyi said: "Subsequently, Zhang Yunyi, Chairman Mao and others took off their hats to pay tribute to the soldiers who died in the Battle of Wujiang.
Qiangdu Wujiang Memorial Site
In the ensuing battle, although Deng Xiaoping and Zhang Yunyi were in different teams, the two remained in touch. Deng Xiaoping recalled:
In order to solve the problem of bandits in Guangxi, Zhang Yunyi held several meetings and personally formulated a plan to eliminate bandits in Guangxi. In more than two years, the number of bandits in Guangxi who were annihilated by our army reached 470,000.
Recalling his old partner in the revolution, Deng Xiaoping couldn't help but shed tears. He shook Yunyi's hand again and said, "Just use this article to remember the great General Deng Xiaoping and Zhang Yunyi."