<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="4" >, the Luhan Uprising was full of twists and turns, and Liu Deng sent reinforcements</h1>
On December 11, 1949, the Yunnan Daily published on the front page the telegram of the uprising led by Lu Han, and on the same page on the same day, it also published a telegram supporting the uprising by Li Mi, Yu Chengwan, Li Chufan, Shen Zui and others.
Yunnan Radio also repeatedly broadcast the speeches of Li Mi, Yu Chengwan and others, who called on their subordinates to lay down their weapons in response to the peaceful liberation of Yunnan. Immediately afterwards, he ordered his troops to quickly occupy the strongholds, airfields, and major transportation routes controlled by chiang kai-shek. More than 40,000 people from the 74th Army and the 93rd Army, Yunnan gendarmes, police and local teams declared an uprising. However, the progress of the uprising was not so smooth.
Those Kuomintang military and political leaders who were detained by Lu Han were all sworn enemies who had followed Chiang Kai-shek for many years, and they were very stubborn and cunning. After Zhang Qun was detained, LuHan also wanted him to sign a telegram supporting the uprising.
But he said to Luján, I support your uprising from the bottom of my heart. I also know that this is the trend of the times, the desire of the people, the defeat of the Kuomintang has been decided, and no one can recover it. Even I am not satisfied with what Mr. Jiang has done in the past.
But I have been a member of the Kuomintang all my life, and you know my relationship with Mr. Jiang, and I am not in a position to act with you, so I hope to ask General Lu Han's forgiveness! If you were to take me over to the Communists as a prisoner, I don't think they would do anything to me. If you let me go, I will be grateful for the rest of my life. After I go out, I will never ask about political affairs again in the future, and I will go overseas to work as a public official.
Due to Zhang Qun's rhetoric, Lu Han released him. Among those who were detained, led by Li Mi, Yu Chengwan, Li Shufan, Shen Yanjin, Shi Tiantian, Tong Helian, Shen Drun, and 7 others worshiped the "brothers in distress." While they expressed their support for the uprising, they were planning to resist the uprising.
On the afternoon of December 13, Yu Chengwan's Twenty-sixth Army, under the command of deputy commander Peng Zuoxi, launched a fierce attack on LuHan's defenders from the southeast direction of Kunming. A regiment of Li Mi's Eighth Army stationed in Daban also fought with Luhan's troops. At this time, Li Mi's wife asked to visit Li Mi, and was approved by Lu Han, and asked her to do the transformation work of Li Mi's support for the uprising, hoping that Li Mi would notify his subordinates to stop the attack and listen to the reorganization.
In response to this request, Li Mi wrote a letter to his subordinates, ordering his subordinates to lay down their weapons and stop the attack. After that, Lady Li Mi came to visit again, bringing a letter from her subordinates, expressing her acceptance of Li Mi's orders and stopping the military attack. However, the letter also expressed the hope that Li Mi could return to the army as soon as possible and lead the whole army to reorganize.
After Li Mi read the letter, he immediately handed it to Lu Han in order to gain Lu Han's trust. In fact, Lady Li Mi gave Li Mi a secret letter informing him that Li Mi's troops were stepping up preparations and would do their best to attack Kunming's Luhan department.
In addition, Yu Chengwan also "suggested" to Lu Han that he allow his division commander Shi Tiantian to send out and convey his orders, asking the troops to stop the attack, but in fact let them step up the attack. In this way, Yu Chengwan and Li Mi were successively released by Lu Han, and after returning to the troops, the two of them reversed their wishes and immediately commanded the troops to launch a larger attack on the LuHan defenders.
Chiang Kai-shek also sent an air force to carry out continuous bombing of important military targets in Kunming. Although Luhan's defenders fought tenaciously, Kunming was still in danger. Lu Han quickly sent people to deliver letters to the People's Liberation Army for urgent assistance. After Deng Xiaoping and Liu Bo received Lu Han's letter of request for help, they deeply felt that the situation was grim.
Although Luhan's uprising was successful, the counter-offensive of the reactionary forces was counted backwards, and there was a possibility that the achievements of the uprising would be abandoned. Therefore, it is necessary to immediately reinforce Luján, not only to preserve the victory of the uprising, but also to preserve the troops of the uprising.
Therefore, Deng Xiaoping and Liu Bocheng immediately sent the Fourth Corps to reinforce Kunming for reinforcements. The deployment of the Fourth Corps was to use the Forty-ninth Division as the advance force to carry out motorization and advance rapidly toward Kunming. In addition, the main force of the Thirty-eighth Army in the Baise area, through The Peeling, Funing, and Yanshan, directly penetrated the Jinping, Maguan, and Hekou areas to cut off the enemy's retreat; with the main force of the Guidian Qianbian Column, cooperating with Lu Han's troops to hold Kunming, and cooperating with the main force of our army to encircle and annihilate the operation, and at the same time attacking from Pingyi to the flank of the enemy's Eighth Army and the Twenty-sixth Army with one force; the main force of the Thirteenth Army advancing through Nanning, Baise, Funing, Wenshan, Xiangkaiyuan, and Mengzi areas, first controlling the Mengzi airport, cutting off the enemy's retreat route, and cooperating with the four field troops to completely annihilate the remnants; the main force of the corps was fourteenth. The Fifteenth Army was stationed in Kunming, Western Yunnan, and Northern Yunnan, respectively, to receive and liberate Yunnan.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="6" > Second, although the insurrectionary troops were poorly equipped, under the stubborn resistance of our soldiers and civilians, the Luhan Uprising ended in victory</h1>
At the same time that all the large armies of our army rushed to the aid of Kunming, General Lu Han led his troops to engage in a fierce battle with the enemy. Judging from the enemy and our forces inside and outside Kunming at that time, the enemy was in a clear superiority. Therefore, Li Mi, Yu Chengwan, and others were extremely rampant, believing that under the combined attack of their army and air force, Kunming would definitely be breached. On December 18, the enemy launched a general offensive against Kunming. Under the enemy's general attack, Lu Han shortened the front line of the troops defending Yunnan, strengthened the depth of equipment, took Kunming as the center, heroically resisted the enemy, and never let the enemy's attempt to capture Kunming succeed.
In the battle to defend Kunming, Lu Han mobilized all the fighting forces in Kunming, and in addition to the troops participating in the battle, all the police also participated in the battle. In the face of the enemy's fierce attack on Kunming, the underground party in Kunming also played an important role.
Organized the masses from all walks of life to establish a "volunteer self-defense brigade" and actively participated in the battle to defend Kunming. In addition to their work as factories and school guards, tens of thousands of people directly participated in the defense of the city.
At the most tense moment of the battle, the broad masses of the people worked day and night, sleeplessly, loading sandbags, digging trenches, building bunkers, repairing guns and equipment, checking out bandits, maintaining urban law and order, and protecting state property.
The peasants outside the city also ventured through the enemy's blockade line to report the enemy situation to the rebel troops inside the city, and some people sent reactionary leaflets dropped by enemy planes to the city and handed them over to the rebel troops. The military and civilians inside and outside the city formed a joint force to resist the enemy's attack, effectively stopping the enemy's siege operation.
By the 19th of the battle, the enemy launched a more fierce attack on the core position of the city defense, under the cover of powerful artillery fire, hundreds of enemies carried out a wave of continuous impact, and by 21:00 in the evening, the mad enemy formed a death squad in an attempt to open several gaps and break into the city.
The poorly equipped insurrectionary troops, with the strong support of the underground party organizations and the broad masses of the people and the encouragement of patriotism, strengthened their will to fight, strengthened their confidence in victory, and stubbornly resisted the enemy's successive attacks.
On the 20th, the enemy's offensive was even more fierce, the eighth army attacked the key parts of the county Hua temple, the Big Tree Camp area, the twenty-sixth army attacked the key parts of the Wuliduo, Wujing Bridge area, in an attempt to jointly attack the small railway station in Tangzi Lane, but under the stubborn resistance of our military and civilians, they all ended in failure.
At this time, the various people's liberation troops that I reinforced Kunming rushed forward, and the enemy felt that there was no hope of attacking the city, and was afraid of being caught between our People's Liberation Army and the rebel troops, so he was forced to flee in the direction of Mengzi and Kaiyuan in southern Yunnan. At this point, Luhan's uprising ended in triumph after enduring the test of stubborn fighting with the enemy and withstanding Chiang Kai-shek's enormous pressure.
Lu Han personally telephoned Mao Zedong and Commander-in-Chief Zhu De, announcing that Yunnan would secede from the Kuomintang reactionary government and submit to the leadership of the Central People's Government. On December 11, Mao Zedong and Zhu De sent a special telegram to Lu Han: "I am very pleased that I have read the good telegram. Yunnan's declaration of independence from the Kuomintang reactionary government, obedience to the Central People's Government, and acceleration of the progress of the Southwest Liberation War will surely be welcomed by the people of the whole country. At present, Commander Liu Bocheng of our Second Field Army and Political Commissar Deng Xiaoping have been stationed in Chongqing, and in order to facilitate the concrete settlement of the Yunnan issue, Pan Xun has direct contact with Chongqing and accepted the command of Generals Liu deng and Deng. ”
Just after the four pieces of advice were issued by Deng Xiaoping and Liu Bocheng, they established close relations with our Party as early as the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and did not break ties with Xikang Province, chairman of Xikang Province and commander of the Kuomintang Twenty-fourth Army, general Liu Wenhui of the Three Stars, Deng Xihou, deputy director of the Office of the Chief of the Southwest Military and Political Administration and commander of the Ninety-fifth Army, Deputy Director of the Chuankang Appeasement Office, Director of the Suijing District of the Sichuan-Shaanxi-Hubei Border Region, and Commander-in-Chief of the Twenty-Eighth Group Army, Pan Wenhua, also felt that the time had come to abandon the dark and throw in the light, and after they had separately rejected Chiang Kai-shek's temptation to be made an official and a knight. Secretly studied the plan to implement the uprising in response to liu and Deng's call.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="8" > Third, Liu Deng issued four pieces of advice, effectively promoting the uprising of a large number of Kuomintang generals</h1>
In fact, as early as September 1949, Liu Wenhui sent a telegram to Zhou Enlai, vice chairman of the Central Military Commission of the COMMUNIST Party of China, stating: "Being oppressed by Chiang Kai-shek is getting worse and worse, it is difficult to say that it is difficult to complain about it, and it is difficult to find a difficult situation. Now he has made an appointment with Deng Xihou and Pan Wenhua and decided to stand on the side of the people. Please give instructions on how to proceed in the future. ”
Zhou Enlai immediately sent him a telegram back: "The army is about to march west, and we hope to actively prepare and cooperate with the camera, and it is not advisable to act prematurely and incur unnecessary losses..." At present, just as Liu Wenhui, Deng Xihou, and Pan Wenhua are discussing the opportunity to hold an uprising, the party Central Committee has given specific instructions: First, now that the time for the uprising has arrived, it is advisable to choose an appropriate place and announce the uprising; second, to give timely notice when the uprising occurs; third, after the uprising, the troops of Liu, Deng, and Pan will withdraw the Kuomintang military insignia and raise the five-star red flag at the garrison.
After receiving this instruction, Liu Wenhui immediately summoned Deng Xihou, Pan Wenhua, and the CPC commissioner Hu Kelin to study the specific steps of the uprising and decided to stabilize Chiang Kai-shek first. Then the three people sneaked out of Chengdu and went to Longxing Temple in Peng County to announce the uprising.
They thought it would be more appropriate to hold an uprising there. It was located on the flank of Chengdu, which was also the garrison of the Ninety-fifth Army, and attacking to the southeast could threaten Chengdu; to the east, the Sichuan-Shaanxi Highway could be cut off; if Huzong launched an attack on the rebel forces in the south, it could retreat from the Haiwozi area into the western mountains, which was an ideal place for the uprising.
After the plan of the uprising was determined, they secretly sent the plan to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China through radio, and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China approved it. Deng Xihou also immediately ordered Huang Yin, deputy commander of the Ninety-fifth Army, to sit in command of Longxing Temple, and as far as possible, he concentrated the strength of five regiments, occupied the commanding heights and key points, and prepared for an uprising at any time. On December 9, Liu Wenhui, Deng Xihou, and Pan Wenhua issued a telegram at Longxing Temple in PengXian County, announcing the uprising, which read:
Chairman Mao and Commander-in-Chief Zhu of Beijing also transferred the commanders of the field armies and the people of the whole country to learn from:
Jiang Thief Jieshi stole the state handle for 20 years, and the crimes were evident and the people of the country saw it. Since the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the measures have become more and more absurd, such as undermining the resolutions of the CPPCC, launching an unprecedented civil war, disordering finance and finance, promoting the bankruptcy of the national economy, causing corruption to run rampant, laughing at neighboring countries, lowering international status, and all kinds of crimes, intensifying all kinds of crimes, seeing the national economy and people's livelihood wither, and the country's vitality gradually disappearing. And Jiang Thief is not evil, only for profit.
Today, when there is no fighting spirit and the people are centrifugal, we still want to resist the world with a corner and throw the life and property left over from the eight-year War of Resistance in Sichuan and Kang provinces as a desperate bet. The people of our two provinces will not be able to endure and endure the end of time. In the past few years, although Wen Hui, Xi Hou, and Wen Hua have failed to unite the army and the people in a timely manner and cooperate with the people's liberation war, they have made up for the dead sheep, and there are ancient and clear lessons, which were not yesterday and now, and the sages forgive them.
In order to meet the demands of the people, I hereby lead my subordinates to declare that they will sever ties with the reactionary cliques of Chiang Kai-shek, Li, Yan, and Bai from now on, and wholeheartedly obey the leadership of Chairman Mao and Commander-in-Chief Zhu of the Central People's Government, and with Commander Liu and Political Commissar Deng of the Second Field Army of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. All military and political personnel in Sichuan and Kang are to perform their duties faithfully, protect social order and the property of the Communist Party, wait for the acceptance of the People's Liberation Army and the people's government, and strive to cooperate with the People's Liberation Army in eliminating the remnants of the Kuomintang reactionaries, with a view to the early liberation of the whole territory of Sichuan and Kang. To be honest, please.
Subsequently, Liu, Deng, and Pan quickly received a reply from Commander-in-Chief Zhu of the people's liberation army in Beijing Chinese:
Generals Liu Wenhui, Deng Xihou, and Pan Wenhua:
Electricity was received on December 9. I was very pleased to learn that the generals and others had broken away from the Kuomintang reactionary clique and joined the people's camp. Shang Wangtong's order belongs to the Chinese people's liberation army headquarters on April 25 of this year to abide by the eight chapters of the law. On November 21 of this year, the Second Field Army of the People's Liberation Army of the Chinese made four calls to improve the relations between the military and the people and between officers and soldiers, and to assist the People's Liberation Army and the people's government in eliminating the remnants of reaction and establishing a revolutionary order.
Subsequently, Guo Ruhuai, commander of the Kuomintang 22nd Corps, who had long been associated with the Communists, led the 72nd Army to declare an uprising in Yibin. Wang Boxun, commander of the Kuomintang 19th Corps, led the remnants of the 49th Army to declare an uprising in the Pu'an area of Western Guizhou. The commanders of the Kuomintang 15th Corps, Luo Wenyi and Chen Kefei, also led the remnants to declare an uprising.
So far, on the basis of the united front work of our Party Central Committee, under the urging of the four pieces of advice issued by Deng Xiaoping and Liu Bocheng and the pressure of a powerful military offensive, the uprising of a large number of Kuomintang generals such as Lu Han has been effectively promoted, thus achieving the strategic goal of speeding up the liberation of the great southwest.