(1) Darkness Chen Cang
In October 1950, as the situation in Korea took a sharp turn for the worse, the date of the Ninth Corps' invasion of Korea was repeatedly advanced. On the 12th, Mao Zedong and the Central Military Commission sent a telegram to the East China Military Region, asking the Ninth Corps to go to the northeast in advance.
"It's too late!" Song Shilun stomped his feet and hurriedly consulted with Chen Yi. After consulting with Song Shilun, Chen Yi proposed that the date of the troops being deployed should be changed to November 15 because the equipment had yet to be adjusted. Mao Zedong agreed to their demands.
On October 19, the last units of the Ninth Corps had not yet arrived in Shandong, and the Central Military Commission ordered the Northeast Border Defense Army to attack Korea in the name of the Chinese Volunteer Army. On October 23, Mao Zedong ordered the East China Military Region that "the Song Corps must carry out political mobilization and military training as soon as possible, and prepare to drive an army to the northeast first," and at the same time asked Song Shilun to personally go to Beijing to receive the task.
Song Shilun met mao Zedong and Nie Rongzhen, acting chief of the general staff of the Central Military Commission, in Beijing and determined the plan for joining the DPRK.
On October 25, the Volunteer Army fired the first shots of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, and the first campaign began. The volunteer army fought on the eastern and western fronts, most of the volunteer troops that had reached Korea were on the western front, and there were only two divisions of the Forty-second Army on the eastern front, and they were facing the attack of nearly 90,000 people of the US Tenth Army, and the source of troops was seriously insufficient. The Central Military Commission immediately ordered the Ninth Corps to end its reorganization in Shandong and go to the front line to join the battle to resist the United States and aid Korea.
On the 28th, Song Shilun returned to Qufu, the headquarters of the Corps.
On the 29th, Marshal Zhu De gave pre-war mobilization to cadres at and above the regimental level. As soon as his feet left, on the 31st, Mao Zedong's telegram arrived again: "(I) The Ninth Corps immediately began to move, opening one army first, and the other two corps did not move, do not interrupt." (2) After the arrival of the Ninth Corps, accept The Shiji (Volunteer Army Headquarters)
Commanded, with the goal of seeking opportunities to annihilate the South Korean capital division, the Third Division, the U.S. Seventh Division, and the First Marine Division. At this time, the Central Military Commission had clearly defined the operational direction of the Ninth Corps, the Eastern Front, and the target was the US Tenth Army.
The successive changes in the battle plan are not only a reflection of the rapid changes in the korean war situation, but also show the overconfidence of China when it first fought with the US military.
The military orders were like mountains, and Song Shilun could not be equipped. In fact, Song Shilun's request to change the date of the march to November 15 was already the fastest time he could complete the replenishment.
On November 1, the Twenty-seventh Army took the lead in transporting to the northeast, followed by the Twentieth Army and the Twenty-sixth Army. Wheels rolling, whistles, mules and horses hissing, and the long north-south railway line is hectic again.
On November 2, Mao Zedong and the Central Military Commission sent a telegram ordering two divisions of the Twenty-seventh Army to arrive in Andong (present-day Dandong) without stopping and immediately entering Korea.
At that time, the troops were all on the train, the radio could not be contacted, and the telegram order could not be issued to the troops, so Song Shilun asked the Northeast Military Region to send someone to intercept the train at the station and convey the telegram order of the Central Military Commission.
The repeated changes in the order made Song Shilun and the headquarters of the Ninth Corps puzzled, the volunteer army on the western front was enough to deal with the US Eighth Army, and only two divisions of the Forty-second Army on the eastern front were struggling to hold on, the original order
The Ninth Corps was in charge of the Eastern Front, so how could it change its original plan and allow two divisions of the Twenty-seventh Army to go to the Western Front? Could it be that there has been a new change in the war situation? If two divisions of the Twenty-seventh Army entered the Western Front, what would happen to the Twentieth Army and the Twenty-sixth Army? Enter the Eastern Front as originally planned, or follow the Twenty-seventh Army?
Until November 4, the corps headquarters boarded the train, and Song Shilun was still unclear whether the Ninth Corps would fight on the Western Front or on the Eastern Front after entering the DPRK.
After arriving in Shenyang, Song Shilun learned that the Volunteer Army Headquarters had ordered the Twenty-seventh Army to return to Andong and divert to the Eastern Front. He was relieved.
On November 5, Mao Zedong's telegram clearly defined the military objectives of the Ninth Corps: "If the Eastern Front is not well fought or is not fought in time, the Jiangjie may be lost, the United States will threaten the troops of the Volunteer Army on the Western Front from the east, and the Volunteer Army on the Western Front may be in the encirclement of the enemy's eastern and western troops... The direction of Jiangjie and Changjin was determined to be fully filled by the Song Corps..."
The Ninth Corps had a heavy responsibility, and Jiangjie was the temporary seat of Kim Il Sung and the North Korean government, the last seat of government established by the North Korean government when there was no way to retreat, followed by the Yalu River. Once the sub-boundary was captured by the U.S. army, Kim Il Sung could only go on a guerrilla campaign.
The stone in Song Shilun's heart fell to the ground, but his anxiety did not abate. The Twenty-seventh Army, as the vanguard, had originally planned to enter Korea from Ji'an (present-day Ji'an) and arrive in Liutanli before November 7 to take over the defense of the two divisions of the Forty-second Army, but because the Twenty-seventh Army went around in a big circle, it was left behind the Twentieth Army and the Twenty-sixth Army, from a dragon's head to a dragon's tail, and then to a vanguard. After urgent consultation with the headquarters of the Ninth Corps, Song Shilun rushed to Ji'an and commanded the 20th Army to enter the DPRK first, and the 27th Army and the 26th Army entered the DPRK from Linjiang.
Regarding the use of the Ninth Corps, Mao Zedong initially believed that the movement of the US troops on the Eastern Front could not be determined, and that the Ninth Corps could be "trained in the Meihekou from November 1, and if there is a strategic urgent need on the front line, it can be called up, and if there is no such urgent need, it will not be easily called up."
After that, considering that the possibility of the US army turning north from Chengxing was extremely high, Mao Zedong believed that "it is certain that the main force of the Song Dynasty wheel will be used in this regard, otherwise it will be unfavorable to the overall situation."
On October 31, mao zedong had explicitly used the Ninth Corps for the eastern front, based on the movement of the enemy forces on the eastern front. On January 3, Mao Zedong agreed with Peng Dehuai and others and used the Twenty-seventh Army to the northeast of Sinuiju, while the other two corps of the Ninth Corps rested near Shenyang. At this time, the first battle was nearing its end, and Peng Dehuai's vision of the operational plan for the second campaign was still necessary to concentrate forces and prepare for the Thirty-eighth Army, the Forty-second Army, and even the Forty-second Army to fight out from Tokugawa, so that the eastern battlefield must be completely under the responsibility of the Ninth Corps, so he suggested that the Ninth Corps should be fully occupied.
On November 5, Mao Zedong sent a telegram that the deployment was very good, and that "one of the Ninth Corps should go straight to the river and go to Changjin as soon as possible", and at the same time wrote to Li Tao that the ninth corps of the corps was on standby and resting. At this time, the Ninth Corps was prepared to enter the DPRK with two corps first, and the Twenty-sixth Army was resting and standing. Peng Dehuai's deployment on November 6 was conceived on the basis of the two corps of the Ninth Corps. After that, Mao Zedong believed that the combat effectiveness of the US First Marine Division was said to be the strongest in the US army, and the Volunteer Army surrounded and annihilated its two regiments with two divisions, and the strength of the troops did not seem to be enough, and there should be one or two divisions as reserves. It was therefore decided that the Twenty-sixth Army would also be close to the front.
The above decision-making process shows that Mao Zedong and Peng Dehuai's use of the Ninth Corps is not unnecessary. Mao Zedong's judgment that the U.S. army might attack north from Weixing was entirely correct, and if it were not based on this correct judgment and prepared in advance, it would probably be too late to use the Ninth Corps on the Eastern Front, and there might be a shortage of troops in the second campaign.
After the war, Smith once told U.S. war historians: "The Chosin Lake area is not suitable for military operations at all, and even Genghis Khan would not want to conquer it." ”
Smith's words have influenced many war historians who have studied the Battle of Chosin Lake, believing that the operation of the Ninth Corps of the Volunteer Army on the Eastern Front was a snake, or it was completely unnecessary, weakening the strength of the Western Front, and if the Ninth Corps of the Eastern Front was transferred to the Western Front, the results of the Second Battle of the Volunteer Army might be even greater. But from a military point of view, Smith's words are a kind of shirking responsibility, since the Wolf Forest Mountains cut off the east-west line, then why did the US military send heavy troops to the Chosin Lake area? Smith's claims themselves contradicted themselves, including the "Dunkirk evacuation"-style Xingnan evacuation that they later boasted of, which described a defeated general as a model of the art of command.
Although the Ninth Corps paid a terrible price, with frostbite accounting for ninety percent of the attrition, the results were enormous, and the First World War inflicted heavy damage on the indomitable U.S. First Marine Division and repelled all the U.S. Tenth Army, including the U.S. Seventh Division and the South Korean Third Division.
Clausewitz said: "Attempts with positive purposes give rise to annihilating actions, and attempts with negative purposes await annihilating actions." Mao Zedong's situation for the US First Marine Division was an "attempt with a positive purpose."
The main force of the US army on the eastern front facing the Song Shilun has the most advanced weapons and equipment in the world, and if it is fought hard and hard, it will not get cheap, and the Song Shilun will use the dark Chen Cang's military technique of more than two thousand years ago to put the US military into the pocket to annihilate.
At 13:00 on November 5, Song Shi rotated a telegram to the 20th Army, the 26th Army, and the 27th Army, instructing all divisions and regiments to go deep into chosin Lake to fight, and stressing that all divisions and battalions should communicate by telephone, suspend radio communications before the battle was launched, and disable trumpets to keep secrets.
The Song Dynasty planned that the Twenty Army would be responsible for interspersing the encirclement, the Twenty-seventh Army would be responsible for attacking the city, and the Twenty-sixth Army would be used as a reserve to gather and block at any time according to the development of the war, and informed the commanders and judges of the various armies that an attack would be launched on November 26, and all units must enter the predetermined combat position before the 26th.
On the evening of 7 January, the Fifty-eighth Division arrived at Ji'an and received orders to cross the river two hours later. Unnecessary things, flags, documents, badges, toothbrushes, and pens were all thrown away, and the red characters "Carry the Revolution through to the End" on the towel were also cut off. In addition, it is to check the guns and ammunition, replenish the grain, each soldier is allowed to have three days of grain, the grain is mainly dried steamed bread and biscuits, and the dried steamed bun is the slow head cut into pieces of dried steamed bread. At 23:00, the troops left Ji'an and marched into Korea through a pontoon bridge over the Yalu River.
For Zhou Wenjiang, Yang Gensi, and most of the volunteer army commanders and fighters, going to North Korea was the only experience they had in their lives to go abroad. Volunteer soldiers crossing the Yalu River Bridge walk briskly from one end of the bridge to the other. They did not expect that this distance is not only the distance between the motherland and a foreign country, but also the distance between life and death.
Zhu Wenbin was a combat staff officer of the 173rd Regiment of the 58th Division. When the staff officers had to look at the six ways and listen to the eight directions, and their brains were more brilliant than others, and they had to give more advice to the chief, Zhu Wenbin summed up the three major unfavorable factors of the volunteer army's combat: weather, terrain, and weapons and equipment.
Around November 25, heavy snow fell in the Chosin Lake area, and the Yalu River began to freeze. The Ninth Corps had almost zero combat experience in alpine regions.
Although the Ninth Corps has some experience in mountain combat, the terrain in northern Korea is mostly high mountains and mountains, with peaks over 1,000 meters high, even reaching 2,000 meters, more cliffs, and large tracts of primeval forest. In China, the terrain is vast, can be surrounded by detours, and can be moved in a wide range.
Although there were some modern weapons and equipment obtained from the United States, Bidu was captured and could not be compared with the United States. The Volunteer Army had no air force, and the US aircraft over Korea completely controlled the air superiority; the large-caliber artillery of the Ninth Corps could not be transported, nor did it have tanks, only bazookas, recoilless guns, mortars, and firepower was far from that of the US army.
Zhu Wenbin believes that the volunteer army also has an advantage. They have a heroic and tenacious fighting style cultivated from long wars. The two armies fight bravely and win, and no matter how difficult it is, we can overcome it. The units of the Ninth Corps have a distinctive characteristic, that is, they are good at close combat and night combat. The worse the weather, the more it rains and snows, the more you have to pull out to fight, and the darker you have to pull out to fight. If this advantage is used against the US military, the advantage of the United States will become a disadvantage, and the disadvantage of the volunteer army can also be transformed into an advantage.
After Zhu Wenbin crossed the river with his troops, he saw the remnants of the Korean People's Army and the fleeing people who had swarmed and retreated, and they were fleeing to Andong, China. Many Chinese-speaking KPA soldiers found it difficult for poorly equipped volunteers to defeat the mighty Americans, and they gave cigarettes, pistols, and other items to the volunteer soldiers who rushed forward, saying: "You are on the front, we are going to the back, and it is useless to keep these things." ”
Zhu Wenbin followed the command post of the 173rd Regiment, and only a few dozen miles after crossing the Yalu River, the regimental vanguard company was connected to the fire with the American troops. The avant-garde company's combat movements were quite flexible, and as soon as they were caught in the fire, they stuck to the American troops like plasters, and quickly interspersed the encirclement. As soon as the enemy in front of them saw that the situation was not right, they immediately retreated, and the 173rd Regiment pursued them bravely, and chased them for hundreds of miles, chasing them to the line of Skyscraper Ridge, Xiajieyuli, and HuangcaoLing.
The reconnaissance learned that the US army was posing a long snake array, from Hagaru-ri to Xinxingli to Drip Hole, and the enemy in front of it was the US ace Marine First Division.
Xiang Yuan, political commissar of the 174th Regiment of the Fifty-eighth Division, had heard that war had broken out in Korea, and he also knew that China had sent the Thirteenth Corps to fight abroad, but he did not expect that the Ninth Corps, which was responsible for attacking Taiwan, would go to Korea. Receiving the order to assemble troops on the front line in Yanzhou, Shandong, Xiang Yuan realized that the war was just around the corner. Education on the international situation began at all levels, saying that the Americans had landed at Inchon, that China's borders were under great threat, and that US imperialism wanted to use Korea as a springboard for aggression against China. Because the troops are always preparing for war, since they do not fight Taiwan, it is also indispensable to fight in Korea. The thinking of cadres at all levels at that time was so simple.
Xiang Yuanyuan was originally the deputy political commissar of the 173rd Regiment, and his superiors sent him to the 174th Regiment as the political commissar, but he considered that the 173rd Regiment was an old unit he had brought out of Shandong and entered the first battle of the DPRK, and he must personally lead this unit to fight. Therefore, Xiang Yuan did not take over the post of political commissar of the 174th Regiment at that time, and was ready to return to office after the first battle.
Xiang Yuan's entire luggage was only a horse-back bag, and he went to Shandong in a stuffy tank truck. When the train arrived in Tianjin, he saw the "Joint Statement of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference" published in the Tianjin Daily, so he took the newspaper and gave emergency mobilization to the soldiers on the train, and distributed a newspaper to each company.
It was originally planned to change equipment in Tonghua and distribute cotton clothes in the northeast, but the military situation was urgent, and it was too late to change clothes. The soldiers of the Twentieth Army came to the cold zone wearing thin southern cotton coats. Xiang Yuan later wrote an article recalling the Ministry's War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea: Due to haste, the logistics detachment did not keep up with the marching sequence and lacked means of transportation. The medical unit's emergency equipment was not ready. The comrades of the logistics folded their quilts on the train, made them into bandages, made cotton into cotton balls, and then disinfected them.
Zhang Chengge was the deputy company commander of the special service company of the 174th Regiment of the Fifty-eighth Division, and his task was to lead the scouts to reconnoiter the enemy situation in the front and open the way for the whole regiment. The Twentieth Army, to which he belonged, served as the vanguard of the Ninth Corps, and the enemy information they received was to inform the division, army, and corps chiefs, and provide first-hand information for the superior chiefs to judge the situation. In order to quickly reach the assembly position, they had to cross the Wolf Forest Mountains in northern North Korea, where the snow did not melt all year round, with an average altitude of 2,000 meters, and it was rarely visited, and the names of the peaks to be crossed sounded frightening. Zhang Chengge led a reconnaissance detachment over the mountains and mountains, advancing while reconnaissance. The number of people with frostbite on the way forward is increasing, and some people fall down and freeze to death as they walk.
On November 7, the Avant-Garde 59th Division of the 20th Army arrived by train at the border of the Korean River.
Ma Wenkao, an instructor of the Second Battalion of the 177th Regiment of the Fifty-ninth Division, knew more about the situation than the soldiers, and he was well aware that the hasty entry of troops into korea would lead to various difficulties, in addition to equipment and supplies, the team also lacked guides and interpreters. The map used by the Ninth Corps was from the Japanese and pseudo-Japanese periods, and the lack of a guide made the battle very difficult, and some troops were delayed in precious time because they had taken the wrong road.
Ma Wenkao's troops drove slowly after entering North Korea by train and did not dare to drive during the day. As soon as dawn came, the American planes followed, and the trains could only stop in the tunnels to avoid reconnaissance and bombing by Us aircraft.
On this day, they stopped near a tunnel and the warriors began loading flour rice and other materials.
Then the American planes came. Upon spotting Marvinkau's troops, they immediately strafed at low altitudes and then began bombing.
At the beginning of the period of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid, the "three major pieces" of the US military, the planes and tanks were not available to the volunteers, and the artillery was also very small, and the US Air Force occupied absolute air supremacy. Troops can also burrow into the forest to hide, trains can enter tunnels, but the newly unloaded supplies can only be bombed. The rice and flour were blown to the ground, and Ma Wencao looked at the flour splashing everywhere and was full of worry, and the soldiers were going to go hungry as soon as they entered Korea.
Marvincao kept thinking about what had happened for more than a month, too fast to think about. Their National Day was spent on the outskirts of Shanghai, and just after the National Day, they boarded the bus and went north. When you get to the vicinity of Yanzhou, get off the bus and rest. Less than a month later, he boarded the train again and continued to drive north, beginning to say that he was preparing to go to the Border between China and North Korea and regroup. However, the military situation changed ten times a day, and when the train arrived in Tianjin, a telegram came from the headquarters, which was transferred from the Ministry of Railways to the troops, and the Twentieth Army was not allowed to stop and rest in Tianjin, and it was necessary to enter the DPRK immediately.
Ma Wenkao's second battalion became the first unit of the Ninth Corps to enter Korea.
When the train left Tianjin Station, it roared faster and faster, and the trucks and buses at the stations were parked on both sides of the railway to make way for military vehicles. The soldiers of the second battalion joked: "This time we are on a special express train, I am afraid that we are going to win the jackpot." "The train ran all the way to Huanggutun Station south of Shenyang, and the railway department issued an order from the superior that no one should get off the train. At this time, all levels began to convey the task and immediately entered the Korean War.
The commander of the Fifty-ninth Division, Dekelin, was on the train they were on, the first train of the Ninth Corps to go to Korea.
The Fifty-ninth Division hurried into Korea, wearing a large hat on its head, a thin cotton coat issued by the Jiangnan troops, and sneakers on its feet. The task was urgent, and it was too late to replenish, so after the car reissued some daily necessities, it continued to drive at full speed.
Such an urgent situation was encountered for the first time in the life of Marvin kao, who had been a soldier for many years. When he was at the Tianjin railway station, he met Qiu Xiangtian, director of the Political Department of the Twentieth Army, who had just finished a meeting at the General Political Department and hurried to hurry
To Tianjin, I got on this train from Ma Wencao. On the bus, Qiu Xiangtian conveyed the spirit of the meeting of the General Political Department, talked about the significance of the period of resistance to US aggression and aid, and mobilized troops to fight the first battle abroad.
In fact, they simply don't have the time to prepare adequately. They had planned to distribute cotton coats in Shenyang. However, the situation changed, after the train arrived in Shenyang, it suddenly received an order not to get off the train, and the train drove directly to the Yalu River and was stationed in the Tonghua area.
After mentioning the urgent order to enter the DPRK, the train kept running for 5 days before stopping at Ji'an, which was opposite North Korea. Xu put down his car and mobilized, asking everyone to prepare for battle. At this time, I received an order from my superiors that everything that might reveal my identity should not be brought with me, including private letters and photos. The long-awaited cotton coat also said that it would be resolved after north Korea. Subsequently, all regiments held an oath-taking meeting to resist US aggression and aid Korea, and their superiors distributed a cotton coat to each of them, and the troops quickly entered the DPRK.
The hasty march to the Yalu River, where a temporary pontoon bridge has been erected.
Just after crossing the Yalu River, some people from the DPRK came to visit, and when they inquired, they realized that this was the boundary of the river. The ordinary people of the DPRK saw that the volunteers shook their heads one after another, saying that the equipment of the People's Army was much better than yours, and it was not well done. Xu Fang was very unconvinced, telling them: "We are famous for fighting wars, why can't we fight?" According to what you have said, it seems that it is a little difficult to defeat the United States. But rest assured, we will be able to defeat the U.S. military! ”
Entering North Korea, the problem of troops was also exposed. First of all, there is the problem of food, and the troops will run out of food when they arrive in Korea. In the country, there were teams dedicated to grain collection, but there was nothing they could do when they arrived in North Korea, so they had to collect mules and horses that had been killed by the bombing. The second problem is cold. Without warm cotton clothes, without food, many people are on the verge of collapse. When a regimental political commissar saw Zhi Futian, an officer of the Political Department of the Twenty-sixth Army, he hugged his head and wept, and Zhi Furi carried two knife fish on his back, freezing like ice lumps. He gave the commissar one, and the commissar ate it raw on the spot.
Cold and hunger led to low morale and even desertion. When the Twenty-sixth Army marched toward the Chosin Lake Theater, some cadres and fighters deserted, and as many as 20 of them were punished. Song Shilun said at a meeting of cadres above the whole military camp that he personally shot a battalion commander. The battalion commander could not bear the pain and took the lead in running back. Song Shilun could not bear the comrades who had been fighting for so many years in the Eastern Expedition to the West, but stabilizing the hearts of the army was the most important thing, and if the battalion commander escaped and did not deal with it, he would not be able to restrain ordinary soldiers in the future. Song Shilun could only tearfully chop the horse.
Wu Dawei was a staff officer of the Military Affairs Section of the 88th Division of the 26th Army. The Twenty-sixth Army, as the main force in the attack on Taiwan, has been stationed on Chongming Island in Shanghai, and like other units of the Ninth Corps, it has been conducting daily combat training on crossing Hayden Island.
When the troops received the order to go north, they asked to report the statistics on the strength of the troops and the number of personnel and equipment as soon as possible, and they were only reported once a month in peacetime.
At that time, the Eighty-eighth Division of the Twenty-sixth Army had more than 8,000 people, no artillery, and went to Teng County, Shandong Province, where the superior gave an artillery regiment. The so-called artillery regiment, in fact, is a few mountain guns, as a support or suppress firepower, there is no talk of strike effect.
After the 88th Division was transported by railway to Fushun, Liaoning Province, on the night of November 19, it received an order: the railway was transported to Linjiang, and the Yalu River Bridge in Linjiang was crossed on foot.
Wu Dawei walked on the Yalu River Bridge, in the darkness only felt the sound of water, nothing could be seen clearly, and then the sound of water was drowned out by the sound of rapid footsteps.
No sooner had the troops crossed the river than the US plane blew up the bridge.
After crossing the river, Wu Dawei saw that there was no decent road, the road was full of large bomb craters, and there were few complete houses in the villages next to the road, and some of them were still smoking.
After crossing the river, the Eighty-eighth Division was stationed in Xiongdong, the Twenty-sixth Army headquarters was stationed in Zhongjiang, and the organ companies were stationed nearby, and each of them was given 7 days of supplies, biscuits, fried noodles and other food.
Before the battle began, Wu Dawei was sent to the team below to understand the situation, convey instructions, and assign tasks.
After the battle began, he was on the front line and was ready to provide the chief with a battle. The troops did not understand the beauty and laughter in front of people, and there was a general idea of light enemies, and Wu Dawei was the same, and even thought that a bottle of toothpaste could not be put back to China.
After the brutal battle broke out, the light enemy sentiment of the capital team turned into a kind of forbearance mentality, and at the sight of the US tanks and cannons, as well as the planes flying close to the houses and drilling in the ravines, some cadres and soldiers did not know what to point, and they had the idea of passively avoiding the battle. However, in the face of strict military orders and strong ideological work, the mood of the troops was gradually stabilized.
According to the combat deployment of the Ninth Corps, the Twenty-seventh Army undertook the main offensive task.
Before the Twenty-seventh Army had crossed the river, it encountered "enemy situation."
Zhang Guijin was an instructor in the Second Battalion of the 239th Regiment of the 80th Division of the 27th Army. The second battalion was a sharp knife battalion, and the fourth company of the second battalion was a "winning company," a "combat model company," and a "first-class meritorious company" in the civil war. The company's combat heroes and heroes accounted for 50% of the battalion. However, the 239th Regiment was disbanded at the time of the assembly, and the 2nd Battalion boarded a train alone, and the conductor of the train was Zhang Guijin. When the train reached Andong, they were left behind by Shiji, who was said to have suddenly discovered the enemy situation, saying that the British Twenty-seventh Brigade was stationed more than 20 kilometers across the river, and asked the second battalion to be ready for battle. The second battalion stayed in Andong for more than two hours, unloaded all the equipment on the train, put weapons on the roof of the train, and entered Korea from Sinuiju, ready to fight.
After the second battalion entered Korea, it searched and reconnoitred at the same time, and immediately after the train arrived in a village, it sent a detachment to reconnoiter and continue to advance after making sure that there was no enemy situation. Just like that, one night walked 60 miles. After arriving in a small town, learn about the whereabouts of the British Twenty-seventh Brigade from the local people. Local people said that the British Twenty-seventh Brigade had left two hours earlier, by car.
When Zhang Guijin got off the train, he sent a telegram to Shiji, who replied that he was standing by and quickly building a fortification organization defense.
At about seven or eight o'clock the next day, enemy planes flew in the sky in droves, and when each batch was more than two dozen, and there were eight or nine few, they bombed wildly, from morning to night, blowing up The original ruins of Sinuiju, and the smell of burnt paste was everywhere.
At this time, Zhang Guijin received orders from the division headquarters and returned to Andong.
When the withdrawal was made, there were no trains, and only marching on foot. Zhang Guijin mobilized the troops while walking, in fact, there is no need to talk about it, here dozens of miles and beyond can smell the smell of burnt corpses, reading portraits of old people, homeless children, everywhere. The soldiers walked all the way, held their breath, and expressed their intention to strike hard at the invaders on the Korean battlefield and fight the first battle abroad.
When the troops returned to Anton, it was already dawn.
A few days later, they were ordered to trek into Korea again.
The troops marched continuously for several days, raining, snowing, wind, hail, and all kinds of bad weather were caught up by the Twenty-seventh Army. Zhang Guijin was only 21 years old at the time, and he had not yet grown a decent beard, but the frost hung all over his eyes and lips, and his face was full of ice strips, like a white-bearded old man. The warriors were also frozen with thick "armor", walking and cheering, marching sixty or seventy miles in one night, very tired.
When the troops arrived at the camp, they could not rest immediately. They did not dare to live in the village, for fear of air raids, they dug air raid shelters in the wild. Zhang Guijin went to each company to inspect the construction of the fortifications and found that the air raid shelters of the fourth and fifth companies, the machine gun company, and the artillery company had been dug and the defense was well organized, but at the same time, problems were discovered. At that time, the superior had issued a notice that it was not allowed to wash the feet with hot water to prevent the feet from being swollen and unable to wear shoes after washing the feet with hot water. However, the company commanders and instructors of the Sixth Company did not listen to the greetings; one of them was a guard from the chief, the other was a cultural officer, and they had no experience in leading the troops; after digging the air raid shelter, they lay down in the air raid shelter and slept, and most of the soldiers of the company still thought that they would soak their feet as soon as they had time, and they all used the rice bowl to boil boiling water to wash their feet.
It was too late for Zhang Guijin to stop it. When I woke up the next morning, there were more than 140 people in the six companies, and nearly 120 people had swollen feet like steamed buns and could not wear shoes. This was reported to the army, and the Twenty-seventh Army held an on-site meeting in the second battalion, and the sixth company became a "negative model."
Huang Wanfeng, commander of a company of the 243rd Regiment of the 81st Division of the 27th Army, thought of a way to "force movement" in order to protect the feet of the soldiers. Before entering the war, he also complained that the troops of the four fields of the people had all gone to Korea to fight against US imperialism, but if our Ninth Corps did not fight Taiwan, why should they be transferred to Shandong? When I arrived in North Korea, I realized that fighting with Lao Mei in this climate was not a joke. The superiors only sent a bundle of maps to the battalion headquarters, which were written not to be unsealed, and the terrain and landforms of the combat area were unknown; the supplementary costume was that each soldier was only given a pair of shoes regardless of his feet, big feet, and small feet; the company cadres gave him a red bar coat and a cotton hat; Huang Wanfeng's towel and washbasin were lightly packed with nothing left, and it was difficult to wash his face and brush his teeth. The war people have a lot of physical exertion and a large amount of food, and some can eat two pounds of biscuits for a meal. Later, there was no food to eat, and Huang Wanfeng drank starch for a week. When I drink, I feel that my stomach is bulging, but as long as I am full of urine, my stomach will be deflated. When he first entered the DPRK, the troops did not eat salt for more than 10 days, so he asked people to go to the neighboring village to pick up the moldy pickles thrown away by the people, wash them first, and then cook them for the soldiers to drink salty water.
However, Huang Wanfeng could not complain, because the Twenty Army that came up behind was even more miserable, all wearing large brimmed hats, covering their ears and half of their faces with the bottom of the hat, which was worse than their freezing.
When marching toward Chosin Lake, the entire battlefield was snow-white, and some branches of the trees were crushed by the snow, and Huang Wanfeng remembered Chairman Mao's poem "Plum blossoms rejoice in the snow in the sky", but he did not have half a joy, the snow on the mountain was one meter deep, and the troops could not take the main road, but could only crawl on the path with thick snow. When camping, the warriors dug a hole in the snow, made a quilt underneath, covered a quilt on top, and opened their legs in groups of two. No one dared to take off their shoes, as long as the shoes were frozen, they would never want to wear them again, and they would be frozen hard. Everyone, I hold your feet, you hold my feet, and put the quilt over my head to keep warm. In this way, you can't sleep until dawn, and you have to get up and exercise after sleeping for a while, otherwise you may freeze to death. For those who are a little lazy, the company cadres and backbones kick their butts and drag their arms into the forced movement. Due to proper warming measures, Huang Wanfeng's company only frostbitten 3 people at the end of the entire campaign, and the combat effectiveness was preserved.
Li Zong'an was the instructor of the machine gun company of the 237th Regiment of the Seventy-ninth Division of the Twenty-seventh Army, and when the train ran across the Green River, Li Zong'an did not know where the ministry was going, and his superiors only conveyed that he was going to the ground where he was waiting for the important ground. All the trains gave way through the military trains, stopped in Shenyang to eat, and saw a large number of ragged soldiers, who thought that prisoners captured by the Korean People's Army had been transported to China. When he asked, he realized that it was the Korean People's Army that had run to China, and he knew that the war situation in Korea was not very good.
Li Zong'an's company had originally planned to cross the river at Andong, and when it was ready to cross the river, it would carry out combat missions and eliminate the British Twenty-seventh Brigade (a brigade combined by Britain and Australia). The eighty-first division of the whole army is in the front, the seventy-ninth division is in the center, and the eighty division is in the rear. Later, the front called and said that the Twenty-seventh Brigade of the British Twenty-seventh Brigade was not good to run away when it saw the big thing.
The troop plans changed, but the sight across the river left an unforgettable impression on Lee Zong-an, and Sinuiju, North Korea, was blown up by American planes. Lee Zong-an felt that North Korea's today might be China's tomorrow, and the fighters felt that this battle must be fought, which was incompatible with the United States.
The Twenty-seventh Army turned towards Linjiang, Jilin Province, and the difficulty of a group of 50,000 people in one army was divided into multiple columns, and the difficulty could be imagined. Originally a corps vanguard, it was temporarily changed to a corps rearguard, but instead let the twenty-odd army that arrived behind pass the yalu red first. When the Twenty-seventh Army entered the DPRK from Linjiang, although it was in a hurry, it received much better supplies than the Twentieth Army, and actually got coats, cotton coats, and cotton pants that only the Northeast Border Defense Army had.
That is, on the train to seize the time to mobilize education, the chiefs at all levels took turns to fight, the big cadres finished talking about the small cadres, and the enthusiasm for fighting in the troops was stimulated very high when they were about to arrive at the river.
Li Zong'an's company was a battalion-wide firearms detachment, which was a heavyweight unit among the infantry-based volunteers, and was very bullish in peacetime, but was guilty of old age in the march and fighting. When they crossed the Wolf Forest Mountains, the mule hooves were deep and could not walk, and the heavy machine guns and mortars, recoilless guns were all carried by hand.
After crossing the river on foot, Li Zong'an's company was spotted by US aircraft and suffered an air raid. Li Qin'an's correspondent was a "little floater" caught when he liberated Shanghai, and he never told anyone that he could drive a car, and he strafed and bombed a vehicle with an American plane, so he jumped on a car and ran, and the plane chased after the car and blew it up. The "little floating" was as clever as a monkey, and after driving the car away from the large army, he jumped out of the car and ran. Although the U.S. army blew up the car, there was no less than one person in the company. Li Zong'an thought that if this captive soldier had not led the US plane away, the company headquarters of the machine gun company would have been finished, and the battalion headquarters that had held a meeting in a nearby house would also suffer. Once hit, the cadres of one battalion were fully reimbursed.
After that, the communicator was treated differently by him, like a baby.
Wang Lanting originally belonged to the Ninety-fourth Division, and in 1949 he followed the troops south to liberate Dongshan Island, and then immediately returned to korea to participate in the war.
As the entire division of the Ninety-fourth Division was transferred to the Twenty-seventh Army, Wang Lanting's special service company was scattered and organized into the telephone company and communication company of the Twenty-seventh Army, and Wang Lanting was assigned to the telephone company inspection team of the Twenty-seventh Army. From linjiang to the Yalu River, God deliberately made trouble, it rained lightly, and soon, it began to snow again. Each of the signal soldiers carried 7 days of dry food, a large bundle of wires, and a telephone. The wire is more than 20 pounds, plus some simple daily necessities and weapons and ammunition, everyone has fifty or sixty pounds, and the rain falls on the body and then freezes into ice, getting heavier and heavier, but dare not rest. Wang Lanting knew that as long as he sat down, he might never be able to stand up again. He saw several comrades sitting on the ground on the side of the road and freezing to death, some of them were not dead, gasping for breath on the side of the road, looking helpless.
Marching day and night, finally arriving at the first camp, the troops went down the mountain to a village in North Korea, and when they went inside, the village was blown up by American planes and there were no bricks left, and there was no house that could live in people. At that time, there were no air raid shelters, so the troops were evacuated in the open field, and the fire was boiled and water was built at the bottom of the hillside, and the officers and men gathered around a large fire to bake themselves. Many people's shoes are frozen with their feet, and they can't take them off. Because I have no experience, I stretch my feet to roast by the fire, and this roast, the shoes are melted, and the feet are baked together. The shoes were taken off, the feet were rotten, a pinch of them.
In total, they suffered frostbite to more than 30 people.
Snow Cold Ridge, Desolate Mountain Ridge, Dead Eagle Ridge, Sword Mountain Ridge, 150,000 troops of the Ninth Corps trekked on one mountain ridge after another that even revealed the cold name. With almost no supplies and strict concealment camouflage, a record of about 300 kilometers of continuous marching in the snow field was created, and on the 26th, it was assembled at the designated combat position at Chosin Lake.
Many years later, joseph Goulden, a well-known American military commentator and political commentator, wrote:
"By any measure, the ccp's ability to force troops is extraordinary. According to one document, three divisions marched 286 miles over 16 to 19 days from Andong, on the manchurian side of the Yalu River, to a staging area in eastern North Korea; the other marched an average of 18 miles a day on rugged mountain roads for 18 days. ”
This is the Ninth Corps of the Chinese Volunteer Army led by General Song Shilun.
Unfinished to be continued ~ a little attention does not get lost