Among the landscape pastoral poets of the Tang Dynasty in China, the most famous are Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Wei Yingwu and Liu Zongyuan, four big names in the poetry world.
The shanshui pastoral poetry style originated from Tao Yuanming, a Yishi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and then gradually developed into a literati such as Wang Mengweiliu in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, who were accustomed to using the beautiful scenery of the mountain and wild countryside as the material, integrating abundant emotions into the scenery, and occasionally showing dissatisfaction with reality in a relaxed and natural style, implying an incomparable yearning for a idyllic life like a paradise.
Among all the poets of the Landscape pastoral school, Wei Yingwu should be regarded as the most distinctive person, this clumsy and unruly official teenager, from an arrogant prodigal son, suddenly transformed into a local official who entered the career in the name of poetry and books, not only curbed his arrogance, but also became a successful model of counterattacking life.
We can't help but want to explore: what kind of life has Wei Yingwu, a figure who can be called Tao Yuanming and is also An idol of Bai Juyi, experienced? What kind of person is he really?
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > the rich families in the capital of Chang'an in the Tang Dynasty: the Wei clan and the Du clan</h1>
Speaking of the Wei clan of the Tang Dynasty, it was the most exclusive and prestigious family and the eunuch family. As early as the time of the Han Dynasty, there were slang clouds in the folk: Jingzhao Weidu, go to the heavens and feet five.
The "Jingzhao" here refers to "the shi clan with Jingzhao County as the county"; "going" means "distance", and the slang phrase "Jingzhao Weidu, go to the heavens and feet five" means that the Wei family of the Jingzhao shi clan and the Du family of the Jing zhao shi clan are so high that they are only one foot and five inches away from the blue sky.
As early as the Western Han Dynasty, Wei Xian, Wei Xuancheng, and Wei Xian's ancestors and grandsons were all ranked as three dukes, and they were given thousands of households by the Marquis of Guannei, and the Wei clan has since become a famous and prestigious family in Guanzhong.
Later, during the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei Jin Dynasty, and Southern and Northern Dynasties, the descendants of the Jingzhao Wei clan all emerged as sages, and the Wei clan became the representative of the Guanzhong County surname.
Especially during the Tang Dynasty, the Jingzhao Wei clan successively appeared 17 sages, becoming one of the most influential scholar door valves in the Tang Dynasty.
The Wei clan, known as the "Baishiqing Clan", is described in the Old Book of Tang as follows: Since the Tang Dynasty, the prosperity of the clan has not exceeded that of Wei Shi.
In 737 AD, a new child was added to the Jingzhao Wei clan of the noble eunuchs, and when the boy grew up, he became the most accomplished poet in the Wei clan, and his name was Wei Yingwu.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="4" > Wei Yingwu, a petty and domineering aristocratic son who had no one in sight</h1>
Because he is a descendant of the Jingzhao Wei clan, Wei Yingwu's origin and starting point are very human. Wei Yingwu's knowledgeable great-grandfather Wei Zhiwei served as the Right Minister during the reign of Empress Wu Zetian, while Wei Yingwu's father was Wei Luan, a member of the Xuanzhou Judicial Army.
Because he was born from a famous and prestigious family of eunuchs, When he was a child, Wei Yingwu was accustomed to being welcomed and praised by everyone, so he gradually developed a domineering and domineering personality.
In addition to learning to read, Wei Yingwu in his youth held an attitude of not caring about many things and doing whatever he thought, and even in order to achieve a certain goal, he did not hesitate to bully and dominate the market and run rampant in the fields of the city. The neighbors were very disgusted when they saw Wei Yingwu, and once reached the point of "seeing his shadow and avoiding it first".
When Wei Yingwu was 14 years old, because of Zu Yin's reasons, he was able to enter the imperial palace as an official and became a close bodyguard at the side of Tang Xuanzong.
Because of the loyalty and wisdom of the Wei clan, the tall and handsome Wei Yingwu was quickly promoted to the highest level of "pro-guard" around Xuanzong. Whenever Tang Xuanzong went out, the people he would bring with him were Wei Yingwu except Yang Guifei.
Wei Yingwu was in the position of Rongxian at a young age, and it can be said that the special platform for performing his duties of "Imperial Guard" made Wei Yingwu at that time very arrogant and arrogant.
From the poem "Feng Yang KaiFu" written by Wei Yingwu in middle age by recalling his past events, we can know how domineering and willful Wei Yingwu was when he was a teenager: Emperor Wu of Shaoshi, a rogue and selfish. In the middle of the body, the family hides the outlaws. Towards the holding of the Fan Pu Bureau, Twilight steals the East Neighbor Ji. Si Li did not dare to catch it, and stood on the white jade mound.
These few sentences vividly present the image of a young guard in front of the imperial court who bullies men and women, commits wrongdoing, has no one to take care of, and has no fear, at the end of the paper and pencil.
But who is called Wei Yingwu Mendi eminent and young and ambitious?! Before the age of 20, Wei Yingwu never experienced any twists and turns and adversities, and soon, the Anshi Rebellion broke out, and Xuanzong died of illness a few years later, and then Wei Yingwu lost his position as a bodyguard and became a "little bastard" with no long things and no money, and no longer had half of the glory of the past.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="6" > Wei Yingwu, who loves his wife and children, is determined to study hard and successfully enter the army in order to be worthy of his wife and children</h1>
After "unemployment", Wei Yingwu had no source of income, and he was even repeatedly ridiculed and bullied by others, and this noble prince, who had always been arrogant and arrogant, suddenly became silent, and when he returned home, Wei Yingwu, who had no rice, did not even dare to face his wife and children in the family - he knew that a good man should enter the career path by striving to learn, so that he could support his family and be worthy of his relatives.
At that time, Wei Yingwu already had a wife in the main room, her name was Yuan Ping, and she was also a lady from the Guishi Gaomen.
Yuan Ping's father's official position is very high, although Yuan Ping was married to Wei Yingwu under the arrangement of her parents, she was gentle and delicate, always polite and gentle to people, no matter how willful And how willful Wei Yingwu was, how depressed and embarrassed, Yuan Ping, who was a virtuous wife, was willing to support and encourage her husband, and when her husband's family fell into a dilemma, Yuan Ping firmly supported Wei Yingwu to win merit through the imperial examination.
The power of love made Wei Yingwu awaken, and he began to work hard and read hard day and night. Immersed in the ink rhyme of books, Wei Yingwu gradually changed from a clumsy scoundrel to a loyal and benevolent Confucian, and also began to write poetry.
In 763, Wei Yingwu, whose poetic talent moved the capital, was given the official position of Luoyang Cheng, and after learning the news, Yuan Ping wept with joy, and she took her husband's hand and instructed: For the sake of an official, be a party of well-being, and do not live up to the trust of the imperial court and the expectations of the people for you.
Since then, every time Wei Yingwu went to a place as a magistrate, he would be diligent and conscientious in his work, and was deeply trusted and praised by the local people.
Starting from Luoyang Cheng, Wei Yingwu then successively served as a parent official in many places, and The virtuous wife Yuan Ping always silently followed her husband to the east and west, taking care of the family affairs, never letting her husband be distracted, and wholeheartedly supporting Wei Yingwu as an official.
The love between Yuan Ping and her husband Wei Yingwu became more and more intense in the ups and downs of life, but unfortunately, Yuan Ping was seriously ill at the age of 36 and eventually died of illness due to the lack of medicine stone.
The death of his beloved wife made wei Yingwu, who was originally full of spirit, gradually become pure and widowed, and he chose not to continue the string because he could not forget his deceased wife, and every day in addition to handling official affairs, he was attached to the landscape and the countryside, and wrote poetry continuously, such a life, although simple to the extreme, was also full.
In 782 AD, the 48-year-old Wei Yingwu was promoted to chuzhou assassin history because of his outstanding political achievements, and at the beginning of the new official's appointment, Wei Yingwu personally drove through the landscapes and rivers within the boundaries of Chuzhou in order to observe the people's feelings, and mastered detailed hydrological data, customs and customs.
In the summer of 788 AD, Wei Yingwu served as the Assassin of Suzhou, and he always adhered to the pragmatic and diligent working methods, and also governed Suzhou smoothly and smoothly.
In 790 AD, Wei Yingwu's term of office expired, and after leaving office, he lived a life of cultivation and seclusion in the suburbs of Suzhou, spending every day in the landscape and countryside, sometimes singing wine, sometimes improvising poetry, and occasionally composing small words.
Later generations called Wei Yingwu "Wei Suzhou" because he had served as a suzhou assassin, and Wei Yingwu's poetry was mainly based on five words and seven laws, most of which were fresh and indifferent, and there were also a small number of poems of Lingli Xiuyi.
The more than 600 poems left by Wei Yingwu usually make people feel picturesque and flowing, and most of them show the quiet and indifferent mind of the reclusive people, so today people call Wei Yingwu a famous Chinese landscape pastoral poet and a unique literary master of Yi Shi Yiyin.