Guangming Daily: Expand the path of realizing the value of ecological products and create new advantages for high-quality development

Guangming Daily, July 9, 2024, page 06

Improve the policy system and promote green development

  The continuous improvement of the policy system is an important support for promoting the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate the construction and improvement of the value realization mechanism of ecological products, transform a good ecological environment into resources for economic and social development, and achieve a win-win situation between environmental protection and economic growth. Establish and improve the economic system of green, low-carbon and circular development, improve the economic policy of green and low-carbon development, improve the compensation mechanism for ecological protection, innovate the trading mode of ecological products, improve the compensation method for ecological damage, and build an ecological product system with strong policy support, active market mechanism, clear property rights and responsibilities, and strict supervision and compensation, so as to promote lucid waters and lush mountains to truly become a sustainable driving force for economic and social development.

  The transformation of ecological products and services contained in lucid waters and lush mountains into real productivity is inseparable from the strong support of the policy system. The first is to highlight the goal orientation and strengthen the top-level design. With the goal of promoting the harmonious coexistence of man and nature and building a beautiful China, we should accelerate the integration of the path to realize the value of ecological products with the design of important systems such as main functional areas, nature reserves, and ecological protection red lines, and strengthen the guiding function of "benefiting ecological environmental protectors, paying users, and compensating for destroyers". Design differentiated classification policies, and strengthen policy guarantees such as zoning control of the ecological environment, the property rights system of ecological resources, fiscal and tax support for ecological products, and ecological protection compensation for pure public ecological products such as forests and rivers; For quasi-public ecological products such as carbon emission rights and pollutant discharge rights, improve the system of paid use of natural resources, the pricing mechanism of ecological products, green bonds and other policy norms; For ecological agricultural products, tourism products and other operational ecological products, optimize the ecological product certification and promotion system, public participation, green consumption, green credit and other policy support. The second is to increase ecological protection, restoration and compensation, and improve the supply capacity of ecological products. We will further promote ecological protection and restoration, focusing on supporting the integrated protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands and sands. Innovate the way of compensation for the protection of ecological products, and improve supporting policies in accordance with the principle of "who benefits, who compensates". Continuously expand the scope and compensation mechanism of ecological compensation. Improve the compensation mechanism for the protection of grasslands and forest ecosystems, and establish a public welfare forest management and protection mechanism based on government procurement of services; Improve the compensation mechanism for the protection of aquatic ecosystems, and promote mutual benefit and win-win results between ecological protection areas and ecological benefit areas; Improve the compensation mechanism for the protection of ecological land, and implement the policy of "balance of occupation and compensation" for ecological land. Continuously improve the compensation system for ecological damages, strengthen the implementation and supervision of ecological environmental restoration and damage compensation, and increase the cost of illegal damage to the ecological environment. The third is to improve the property rights system and innovate market transaction methods. In view of the problems of "difficult quantity, difficult mortgage, difficult transaction, and difficult realization" of ecological products, the property rights of ecological service value should be further clarified, the ownership of various natural resource assets should be delineated, and the registration and issuance of certificates with clear property rights, clear boundaries and clear responsibilities should be carried out. Innovate market trading methods, scientifically determine the varieties of trading rights and interests, and guide the flow of ecological resources to low-pollution, low-consumption, and high-value-added industries and enterprises; Establish and improve the trading platform for ecological products such as bidding and bidding for ecological and environmental construction projects, resource property rights, and environmental property rights, and continuously expand the influence and coverage of the platform; Efforts should be made to explore diversified forms of trading, such as the use of quota transactions to carry out water intake (discharge) permit transactions, and the balance of the increase and decrease of ecological resource asset accounts in different places.

Factor guarantee empowerment to drive the value appreciation of ecological products

  General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "it is necessary to further improve the market-oriented allocation system of resources and environmental factors, make good use of green fiscal, tax and financial policies, and let business entities obtain reasonable returns in protecting the ecological environment". To realize the value of ecological products, there must be financial, tax, financial, land, technology, talent and other factors. We should give full play to the role of the effective market and the promising government, and empower the value appreciation of ecological products with factor guarantees, so that the economic value of ecological products can be recognized by the market, the ecological value should be fully revealed, and the social value should be steadily improved.

  To this end, first, we must increase fiscal and tax support. Through the establishment of special funds, direct equity and other investment methods, more social funds and financial capital will be driven into the key areas and weak links of the development of the ecological industry. Second, we must strengthen the empowerment of green finance. Broaden investment and financing channels, and encourage financial institutions to increase support for the ecological industry. Explore models such as "ecological asset equity mortgage + project loan", innovate financial products, expand the scope of equity and credit enhancement credit collateral, innovate ecological credit loan models, and continuously expand green credit channels. Third, we must ensure the demand for land for key projects of ecological products. Open up a green channel for the approval of land for major projects in the ecological industry, and use the existing land for the construction of ecological industry projects. Fourth, we must strengthen the scientific and technological support for the realization path of ecological product value. Strengthen the digitization and intelligence of ecological product production, investigation, and monitoring, and strengthen the innovative integration and application of new technologies, new materials, and new equipment such as big data, AI technology, satellite remote sensing, automatic monitoring, and unmanned aerial vehicles; Improve the accounting of the total value of ecological products and the application of results, and promote the assessment of the value of ecological products in specific geographical units. Fifth, it is necessary to cultivate a high-level ecological and environmental talent team, support colleges and universities to set up ecological technology talent training bases, cultivate a group of compound talents who understand technology, ecology and direction, and promote green and low-carbon science and technology self-reliance and self-reliance.

Build an ecological industrial system and smooth the path of ecological enrichment

  General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "promote ecological industrialization and industrial ecology, cultivate a large number of ecological products to the market, and let ecological advantages continue to be transformed into development advantages". On the premise of maintaining the regeneration of ecosystems, it is necessary to upgrade traditional ecological industries, cultivate emerging ecological industries, lay out future ecological industries, promote ecological industrialization and industrial ecology, and transform rich natural resources into high value-added and high-impact ecological products. On this basis, expand the industrial chain and value chain of ecological products, broaden the path of transforming ecological advantages into economic advantages, and increase the supply of ecological products and cultivate regional public brands of ecological products through the development of various industries such as ecological agriculture, ecological industry, and ecological tourism.

  In recent years, relying on resource endowments, all localities have accelerated the exploration of ecological industrialization and industrial ecology paths and models. For example, Anji, Zhejiang Province promotes "replacing plastic with bamboo", leading a low-carbon new life and helping the high-quality development of the bamboo industry; Based on the advantages of ecological environment, Guizhou has developed and expanded the green data center industry. The total amount of ecological products in mainland China is large, widely distributed and varied, and the factor endowments of different regions are different, so it is necessary to find out their own comparative advantages based on reality and local conditions, and explore multi-channel and diversified value realization paths according to different ecological product categories. The first is to build a high-end agricultural product quality brand, and continue to improve and strengthen local characteristic agriculture. Relying on different natural endowments, we will develop local characteristic ecological boutique agriculture according to local conditions, create a public brand of rural ecological products covering the whole region, all categories and the whole industrial chain, and export high-quality ecological products on a large scale. The second is to dig deep into the cultural connotation and develop the cultural tourism industry. Innovate the eco-tourism development model of integrated development of culture, tourism, health and leisure, create a number of eco-tourism characteristic towns, and expand the channels for local people to increase their income and get rich. The third is to further increase the pilot demonstration efforts, stimulate the vitality of local innovation and creativity, constantly summarize the innovative practices, typical experiences and outstanding results of various places, strengthen publicity and promotion, and jointly create a development path of ecological beauty, industrial prosperity and people's prosperity.

This article is transferred from Guangming Daily, July 9, 2024, the author is Cao Haixia, a special researcher at the Hebei Provincial Research Center for the Theoretical System of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics, and an associate professor at the Teaching and Research Department of the History of the Communist Party of China at the Party School of the Hebei Provincial Party Committee [Hebei School of Administration]; Zhao Qiuyun, a researcher at the Institute of New Structural Economics, Peking University.

Source: National Parks and Nature Reserves