The national standards for "Terminology of Emergency Shelters", "Classification and Classification of Emergency Shelters" and "Signs of Emergency Shelters" were released
Recently, the State Administration for Market Regulation (National Standards Committee) approved the issuance of three new national standards: "Terminology of Emergency Shelters" (GB/T 44012-2024), "Classification and Classification of Emergency Shelters" (GB/T 44013-2024) and "Signs of Emergency Shelters" (GB/T 44014-2024).
These three national standards are to adapt to the new tasks and new requirements of establishing a large safety and emergency framework and improving the national emergency management system, and are formulated by the Ministry of Emergency Management in conjunction with relevant units according to the relevant opinions of 12 departments such as the Ministry of Emergency Management and the State Administration of Market Regulation on strengthening the construction of emergency shelters.
The three national standards released this time regulate the classification and classification of evacuation sites, site selection, design and construction, functional zoning, facilities and equipment configuration, signs and identification, and management and use.
Among them, the "Terminology of Emergency Shelters" standard stipulates the relevant terms of emergency shelter classification and classification, planning and construction, management and use, etc., mainly to solve the problems of inconsistent terminology and name concepts in various current standards, and large differences in implementation in various places. The "Classification and Classification of Emergency Shelters" standard divides the national emergency shelters into five levels of shelters at the provincial, municipal, county, township (street) and village (community) levels. There is a lack of hierarchical and categorical guidance for planning and layout. The standard of "Emergency Refuge Place Signs" stipulates the requirements for the graphic symbols, sign types, sign sizes, and sign production and setting of emergency refuge place signs, and mainly solves the problems of inconsistent sign system, incomplete sign content, and non-standard sign production and setting.
The promulgation and implementation of the three national standards is of great guiding significance for the overall planning and standardization of technical standards related to emergency shelters, the improvement of the national standard system for emergency shelters, the further strengthening of the whole life cycle of emergency shelters, and the promotion of new development of the construction of emergency shelters nationwide.
Three newly developed national standards
The specific content can be read in one picture!
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Ministry of Emergency Management and State Administration for Market Regulation (National Standards Committee)
Heads of relevant departments and bureaus interpret the "Terminology of Emergency Shelters"
Classification and Classification of Emergency Shelters
National standard for "Signs of Emergency Shelters".
Recently, the State Administration for Market Regulation (National Standards Committee) approved the issuance of three new national standards: "Terminology of Emergency Shelters" (GB/T 44012-2024), "Classification and Classification of Emergency Shelters" (GB/T 44013-2024) and "Signs of Emergency Shelters" (GB/T 44014-2024). The heads of the relevant departments and bureaus of the Ministry of Emergency Management and the State Administration for Market Regulation (National Standards Committee) answered reporters' questions on relevant issues.
1. Please introduce the background of the three national standards for the terminology, classification and classification of emergency shelters, and signs.
Emergency shelters are an important part of public safety and emergency management, and as infrastructure for disaster prevention, mitigation and relief, they play an important role in the process of early warning and response, emergency rescue and transitional resettlement of major emergencies, resettlement of evacuees and maintenance of social stability. After years of development, the mainland has accumulated a considerable amount of emergency shelter resources, and is currently focusing on promoting the new development of the construction of emergency shelters across the country, and promoting the transformation from quantitative accumulation to qualitative improvement, but the mainland emergency shelters still lack unified technical requirements such as classification and classification, site selection, design and construction, functional zoning, facility and equipment configuration, signs and identification, and management and use.
In order to adapt to the new tasks and new requirements of establishing a large-scale safety and large-scale emergency response framework and improving the national emergency management system, in accordance with the relevant opinions of 12 departments including the Ministry of Emergency Management and the State Administration for Market Regulation on strengthening the construction of emergency shelters, the Ministry of Emergency Management has proposed and compiled three national standards for emergency shelter terminology, grading and classification, and symbols in conjunction with relevant units, so as to further guide and standardize the scientific and effective development of the whole life cycle of the planning, construction, management and use of emergency shelters nationwide.
2. What are the main contents of the terminology, grading and classification, and marking standards of emergency shelters?
The "Terminology of Emergency Shelters" standard mainly stipulates the basic terms, hierarchical classification terms, planning and construction terms, management and maintenance terms, etc., and defines 71 terms involved in the foundation, classification and life cycle work of emergency shelters. Among them, there are 6 basic terms that play an important and fundamental role in the work of emergency shelters, and 15 terms that are classified and classified in terms of classification and classification. There are 33 terms defined as planning and construction in planning and construction; There are 17 definitions of management and use terms for management and maintenance.
According to the principle of hierarchical responsibility, territorial dominance, and hierarchical response dispatch resources, the national emergency shelters are divided into provincial, municipal, county, township (street) and village (community) levels, and at the same time, in order to meet the needs of a variety of classified management, they are divided into indoor type, outdoor type, comprehensive, single (including specific) and emergency, short-term, long-term, and a total of 32 kinds of classification and classification combinations. The standard also makes specific provisions on the technical indicators of various types of shelters at all levels.
The standard of "Signs for Emergency Shelters" mainly includes terms and definitions, basic requirements, graphic symbols, sign types, sign sizes, sign production, sign settings, etc., and makes specific provisions on various graphic symbols, signs and the production and setting of signs for emergency shelters. Among them, there are 11 kinds of pictorial symbols for refuge types, 14 kinds of pictorial symbols for refuge sites, 6 kinds of examples of main signs of places, 15 kinds of functional area signs, 28 kinds of facilities and equipment signs, 8 kinds of entrance and exit signs, 46 kinds of signs pointing inside the site, and 10 kinds of examples of pointing signs outside the site.
3. What are the main problems that the formulation of the "Terminology for Emergency Shelters" standard aims to solve?
In the past, various standards for emergency shelters were scattered and managed by multiple departments, among which the terms were relatively scattered and fragmented, and some of the definitions of the same term were inconsistent, and there were also cross-duplication of the connotation and extension of different terms, resulting in problems such as confusion of relevant concepts and large differences in implementation in different places. The newly formulated national standard "Terminology of Emergency Shelters" systematically sorts out the relevant terms involved in the planning, construction, management and use of emergency shelters throughout the life cycle, and further improves the connotation and extension of various terms in accordance with the unified logical system and adapts to the requirements of new development, and on the basis of referring to the mature experience of the past, and makes the necessary connection between terms in the form of remarks, which lays a foundation for the terminology and concepts to guide and standardize the work of emergency shelters in the new development stage.
4. What is the important role of the "Classification and Classification of Emergency Shelters" standard in improving the national multi-level emergency shelter system?
In the past, there was a lack of overall and unified regulations on the classification and classification of emergency shelters in the mainland, which led to problems such as confusion in the planning, construction, management and use of shelters, and unclear responsibilities for construction and management, which no longer met the needs of establishing a framework for large-scale safety and emergency response. The national standard of "Classification and Classification of Emergency Shelters" uniformly follows the principles of hierarchical responsibility, classified management, territoriality, and hierarchical response and dispatch of resources, and scientifically determines the relevant index requirements for grading and classification.
In terms of grading, emergency shelters nationwide are divided into five levels: provincial, municipal, county, township (street) and village (community) levels. In terms of classification, it is divided into indoor and outdoor, comprehensive and unitary, as well as emergency, short-term and long-term evacuation sites according to the type of building and site, overall functional positioning, evacuation duration, evacuation type, evacuation area, number of evacuees, service radius, facilities, equipment and material allocation, etc. The "Classification and Classification of Emergency Shelters" standard will play a key guiding role in scientific and rational planning, high-standard construction, efficient management and use of emergency shelters, and the improvement of the national multi-level emergency shelter system.
5. At present, many signs have been set up in emergency shelters in various places, why do we need to formulate a new standard for "Signs of Emergency Shelters"? How to do a good job of converting the old and new logos?
In the past, due to the lack of a national standard for "Signs of Emergency Shelters", some localities have compiled local standards for signs of emergency shelters to guide the setting and management of signs of emergency shelters in their own regions. However, due to the inconsistency and incompleteness of the regulations on signs in various places, there are problems such as inconsistent symbols and colors, incomplete information content, and non-standard design, production and installation of signs and signs for evacuation sites across the country. In order to adapt to the new tasks and new requirements of establishing a large-scale safety and emergency framework and improving the national emergency management system, considering the needs of domestic development, while learning from foreign beneficial experience, it has strengthened the convergence with national standards and relevant international standards such as "Terminology of Emergency Shelters" and "Classification and Classification of Emergency Shelters", unified and standardized the graphic symbols of refuge places and types of refuge, and specified in detail the types of signs, the size of signs, the production and setting of signs, etc.
In view of the existing emergency refuge signs, the new and old signs can be gradually converted in combination with the standardization and renovation of emergency refuge places, maintenance and updating, etc., to avoid "one size fits all", and there are no mandatory requirements for the completion time of the conversion.