Source: People's Daily
The gate of the Science and Technology Park of Beijing Satellite Manufacturing Plant, Haidian District, Beijing.
"Dongfanghong No. 1" satellite.
After the renovation of the No. 1 plant.
Before the renovation of Plant No. 1.
"Shijian-1" satellite docking test.
Employees of the Beijing Satellite Manufacturing Plant discuss the satellite processing plan.
Meritorious Equipment Exhibition Hall of Beijing Satellite Manufacturing Plant Science and Technology Park.
Wang Lianyou (first from right) and his colleagues are processing the metal shell of the Shenzhou spacecraft.
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From not being able to build a car, an airplane, a tank, or a tractor, to building a modern industrial system with a complete range of categories and the most complete in the world, and from being devastated and poor to ranking second in the world in terms of gross domestic product...... Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, we have completed the industrialization process that the developed countries of the West have gone through for hundreds of years in a few decades, successfully embarked on the path of Chinese-style modernization, and achieved unprecedented great changes in human history.
This magnificent development process has formed a rich industrial heritage and created a valuable spiritual wealth. These industrial heritages are a vivid portrayal of the party's unity and leadership of the people to forge ahead and make unremitting efforts, and have considerable historical, scientific and technological value, and social value. Starting today, this edition will launch a column "National Industrial Heritage" to tell the story behind industrial heritage.
April 24 is the ninth China Space Day. On April 24, 1970, China's first artificial earth satellite "Dongfanghong 1" was successfully launched, which opened the prelude to China's exploration of the mysteries of the universe, the peaceful use of space, and the benefit of mankind.
No. 63, Zhichun Road, Haidian District, Beijing - Zhongguancun Plant of Beijing Satellite Manufacturing Co., Ltd. is the birthplace of "Dongfanghong No. 1". It is also known as the "cradle of satellites" and "the home of Shenzhou", and has successively completed the development of more than 200 satellite spacecraft, making important contributions to the development of the mainland's aerospace industry.
In 2014, the Beijing Satellite Manufacturing Plant was relocated to the Sky City Park. In 2018, some of the plants and equipment in the Zhongguancun plant were included in the second batch of national industrial heritage list of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. In April 2023, the Zhongguancun factory will be launched as a science and technology park after the completion of the transformation, introducing a number of information technology and intelligent manufacturing enterprises. In the past one year since the opening of the park, the new industry has injected new vitality into the old factory, and the renovation has also awakened the memory of aerospace in the long river of time.
Old factories incubate new kinetic energy
Outside the factory, Dongfanghong Square, which engraves the launch dates of dozens of satellites on the mainland, the exhibition hall that displays the meritorious equipment for satellite manufacturing, and the No. 3 factory building that restores the original texture after repair, will bring people back to that period of passionate years; in the factory, a number of new generation of information technology and intelligent manufacturing enterprises are being incubated, continuing the industrial genes and scientific and technological dreams with new kinetic energy.
"It's rare to turn an old factory with an industrial heritage into a science park. Zhang Bei, the person in charge of the Zhongguancun plant development project of Beijing Satellite Manufacturing Co., Ltd., participated in the renovation of the Zhongguancun plant throughout the process.
After the relocation of the Beijing Satellite Manufacturing Plant to the Aerospace City Park, in order to optimize the spatial layout of regional industries and promote the high-quality development of the city, the Zhongguancun Plant, located in the core location of Zhongguancun Haidian Park, started the development work.
"From the very beginning, the site was avoided from being converted into a tour. We want to give full play to our advantages and take the initiative to update it into a science and technology park based on the needs of regional development. Zhang Bei introduced, this idea has been strongly supported by Haidian District, after full research and demonstration, Beijing Satellite Manufacturing Co., Ltd. and Haidian District state-owned enterprise Haixinyu Urban Renewal Group reached a cooperation, the goal of the renewal is: on the basis of retaining the industrial heritage and promoting the aerospace culture, to build a green and smart park, to provide high-quality office space for science and technology enterprises in Haidian District, and to improve urban functions.
In September 2022, the project was launched in the form of customized development and co-design, and the plant was cleaned, repaired and reinforced, the seismic performance and energy-saving standards were improved, the fire protection and power systems were rebuilt and optimized, and smart management facilities were added to improve the quality of work and life in the park.
"In the core location of Haidian, this industrial plant is very scarce and very attractive to intelligent manufacturing enterprises. According to the person in charge of Haixinyu Urban Renewal Group, the Zhongguancun factory is industrial land, and there is a high factory space, which can better meet the needs of intelligent manufacturing enterprises in the same area for R&D and manufacturing, and reduce the operating costs of enterprises. In the past one year since the opening of the park, a number of enterprises have settled in the park and realized the activation and utilization.
In order to inherit and promote the aerospace culture and help the transformation of industrial heritage, the development and construction team designed historical and cultural landscapes such as the historical evolution wall, Dongfanghong Square, and the meritorious equipment exhibition hall in the park. The No. 1 Factory, No. 3 Factory, Yunxing Avenue and Merit Avenue have been repaired as before, maintaining the original architectural style and showing the style of industrial heritage.
The first product is a "vise"
The historical wall in the park tells the glorious history of the factory. Who would have thought that the first product of the "star-making factory" that concentrates cutting-edge technology is a "vise".
In 1958, the predecessor of the Beijing Satellite Manufacturing Plant, the Beijing Scientific Instrument Factory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, was founded, mainly to provide necessary instruments and equipment for the research institutes of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. They started with simple equipment "vises" and gradually began to develop advanced equipment such as mass spectrometers, physical optical and electronic instruments. In 1965, the mainland's first artificial Earth satellite program was launched, and the plant was selected to take on the important role.
The old workers in the factory recalled that although it was only a scientific instrument factory at that time and lacked experience in processing aluminum alloy parts required for aerospace, there was a team of workers in the factory who were not afraid of hardship or tiredness and were willing to study and study well, and these were favorable conditions for the development of satellites.
In the park, a monument to the "Birthplace of Dongfanghong No. 1 Satellite" was erected in front of the No. 3 workshop. This is the final assembly workshop of "Dongfanghong No. 1", and it is also its last production bed, and the satellite went straight to the launch site after leaving the factory here.
An old worker recalled that when the "Dongfanghong No. 1" was assembled, a small gasket could not be found, and the people in the whole workshop were very anxious and all participated in the search. Satellites must not leave the factory with excess, which is a huge hidden danger. In the end, everyone was sure that this gasket was definitely not on the satellite, so they were relieved. Afterwards, everyone summed up the lessons and stipulated that every part brought into the final assembly stage must be inspected and registered. This is in line with the later quality management requirements of the aerospace industry.
The development of the "Dongfanghong No. 1" is a process of self-reliance and arduous pioneering work of the older generation of astronauts. Later, when some international friends came to visit the factory, they sighed: It is remarkable that a satellite was actually built in such a simple environment! The old workers in the factory recalled, "Once, when a foreign guest visited the No. 3 plant, the simple environment made him not believe that this was a satellite assembly plant, and thought that we did not let him visit the real factory. ”
After Dongfanghong 1, China's first returnable remote sensing satellite, the first experimental communication satellite and the first unmanned test spacecraft "Shenzhou 1" were also born here.
Quality is the life of astronautics
In the exhibition hall of industrial heritage equipment, the meritorious equipment that participated in the development of "Dongfanghong No. 1" is displayed, and Wang Lianyou is very familiar with them.
Wang Lianyou was a milling worker when he joined the work in 1983, and now he is a special technician of a large-scale turning and milling compound machining center in the factory, and has won many honors such as the National May Day Labor Medal and the China Skills Award, and enjoys the special government allowance of the State Council, and has participated in the development and production of hundreds of satellites and more than 10 spacecraft represented by "Shenzhou-1".
"The machining error of aerospace products is customarily measured in wire (0.01 mm) and muse (0.001 mm), and the difference will be thousands of miles. Wang Lianyou said that quality is the life of spaceflight, satellites, spacecraft, and space stations are all operating in the extreme environment of space, consisting of at least tens of thousands of components, and any part may affect the success or failure of the mission.
From the ordinary manual precision machine tools in the equipment exhibition hall to the two-storey turn-and-mill compound machining center in the Sky City Park, the main line of development of precision machining of aerospace products is to improve accuracy and efficiency. Wang Lianyou said that in order to avoid the reference transfer error, that is, the error of each transfer and recalibration of components between different operators of different lathes, the lathe continues to develop in the direction of one operator completing all operations on one lathe.
In front of the scale model of the "Dongfanghong No. 1" satellite, Wang Lianyou pointed to the antenna base of the "Dongfanghong No. 1", "These are processed by the older generation of masters with the equipment in the exhibition hall." By 1996, the "Shenzhou No. 1" spacecraft was trial-produced, and Wang Lianyou had to start learning to use CNC machine tools.
In recent years, China's aerospace has maintained a high density of launches, and the development speed of starships has become faster and faster. As a highly skilled personnel, Wang Lianyou has also participated in the commissioning and use of more than 10 high-end equipment. Nowadays, the precision machining methods of Beijing Satellite Manufacturing Factory Co., Ltd. have gradually transitioned from the traditional multiple equipment to complete multiple processes to a composite processing equipment to complete turning, milling, drilling, boring and other processes, realizing the leapfrog development to digital high-end manufacturing.
In the stage of precision machining of the whole star and the whole cabin, the two pockets on the chest of Wang Lianyou's overalls are empty, but the buttons are always fastened. Wang Lianyou said that this habit is to avoid small tools or items in the pocket falling down when leaning over to operate, causing scratches or knocks on the surface of the starship, and this kind of low-level quality problem must not appear. Details determine success or failure, and the simple actions of emptying pockets and buttoning are derived from the "strict and meticulous" work style. In addition, Wang Lianyou requires that after each operation step, the tool must be returned to its place, and the operation steps must be recorded. Wang Lianyou said: "This is a valuable experience left by the generation of astronauts who developed the 'Dongfanghong No. 1'. ”
Feng Jialin, Wang Lianyou's apprentice, said that no matter how smart a brain is, it is not as reliable as good habits. The processing of a component in a product involves hundreds of processes, and Wang Lianyou's team has undertaken dozens of large-scale starship cabin combination processing tasks, and the product inspection pass rate is 100%, and the secret lies in the aerospace professionalism of "doing things according to the basis, doing things according to the basis, and keeping records for doing things".
With the renovation, the details of the plant's past are becoming more and more revealed. The No. 3 workshop was once changed from the final assembly workshop to the spacecraft welding workshop, and the slogan on the wall was "Every solder joint is related to the life and safety of astronauts, and every process affects the success or failure of manned spaceflight." It is in front of this slogan that astronauts have created safe "space homes" for astronauts. During the construction of the equipment exhibition hall, the personnel involved in the construction noticed that the surface of a piece of equipment was obviously worn, and later everyone learned that this was an imported equipment, and the master had to straddle the machine diagonally when operating, and the paint was rubbed off over time.
In the interview, Wang Lianyou mentioned many times that it gave him the feeling of "like an army, like a school, like a family". Like the military, because astronauts have a strong sense of nodes, no matter what difficulties, they must complete the task with quality and quantity before the specified node; like a school, because everyone continues to learn and grow together; like a family, because everyone can selflessly dedicate and vigorously cooperate when encountering difficulties, they have left him with countless warm memories. The factory here has witnessed countless applause and cheers, mixed with crystal tears, carrying immortal memories. "I hope that the aerospace culture can be shown to more people here, and the aerospace spirit can be passed on to more people. Wang Lianyou said. (Reporter Jiang Jianke, Meng Yang, Tang Zhongke)
All photos in this edition are provided by Beijing Satellite Manufacturing Co., Ltd
People's Daily (2024-05-01 Edition 05)