Source: Zhongding Jinghong
1. What are the requirements for project supervision in terms of construction project quality management?
Answer: 1) The project supervision unit shall obtain the corresponding level of qualification certificate in accordance with the law, and undertake the project supervision business within the scope of the qualification level. It is forbidden for the project supervision unit to exceed the scope of the qualification level of the unit or to undertake the project supervision obligations in the name of other project supervision units. It is forbidden for the project supervision unit to allow other units or individuals to undertake the project supervision business in the name of the unit. The project supervision unit shall not transfer the project supervision business.
2) the project supervision unit and the construction contractor of the supervised project and the building materials, building accessories and equipment supply unit has a subordinate relationship or other interests, shall not undertake the supervision of the construction project.
3) the supervision engineer shall, in accordance with the requirements of the project supervision specifications, take the form of side stations, inspections and parallel inspections, etc., to supervise the construction project.
4) the project supervision unit shall, in accordance with laws, regulations and relevant technical standards, design documents and construction contracts, on behalf of the construction unit to supervise the construction quality, and assume supervision responsibility for the construction quality.
5) the project supervision unit shall be selected with the corresponding qualifications of the chief engineer and supervision engineer stationed at the construction site. Without the signature of the supervising engineer, building materials, building accessories and equipment shall not be used or installed in the project. The construction unit shall not carry out the construction of the next process. Without the signature of the chief engineer, the construction unit shall not allocate the project money, and shall not carry out the completion acceptance.
2. What are the requirements for project supervision in terms of construction project safety production management?
Answer: the project supervision unit shall review whether the safety technical measures or special construction plan in the construction organization design meet the mandatory standards for engineering construction.
In the process of carrying out supervision, if the project supervision unit finds that there is a hidden danger of safety accidents, it shall require the construction unit to rectify it; if the situation is serious, the construction unit shall be required to suspend the construction and report to the construction unit in a timely manner.
If the construction unit refuses to rectify or does not stop the construction, the project supervision unit shall report to the relevant competent department in a timely manner. The project supervision unit and the supervising engineer shall be in accordance with the laws, regulations and mandatory standards for the implementation of supervision, and the construction project safety production supervision responsibility.
3. What is the procedure for side station supervision?
Answer: 1) the supervision agency to develop the side station supervision plan, including the scope of the side station supervision, content, procedures and the responsibilities of the side station supervision personnel, and into the supervision plan.
At the same time, the supervision plan of the side station is conveyed to the construction unit, the construction unit and the construction administrative department where the project is located or the entrusted engineering quality supervision agency.
2) The construction unit shall notify the supervision unit in writing 24 hours before the construction of the key parts and key processes that need to be supervised by the side station according to the supervision plan of the side station according to the supervision plan formulated by the supervision unit.
3) When the project supervision agency arrives, arrange the side station supervision personnel to be present to implement the side station supervision.
4. What is the content and role of supervision planning?
Answer: after the supervision unit is entrusted by the construction unit and signs the entrusted supervision contract, under the auspices of the project director engineer, according to the entrusted supervision contract and on the basis of the supervision outline, combined with the actual situation of the project to collect extensive engineering information and data under the condition of the preparation of supervision planning, supervision planning is to guide the supervision agency to carry out the supervision work of the guiding document. It needs to be approved by the technical person in charge of the supervision unit and approved by the construction unit.
(1) The content of the supervision plan
1) Overview of the project. 2) Scope of supervision work. 3) Supervision work content. 4) Supervision work objectives. 5) Supervision work basis. 6) The organizational form of the project supervision agency. 7) Staffing plan of the project supervision agency. 8) The job responsibilities of the personnel of the project supervision agency. 9) Supervision work procedures. 10) supervision work plan measures. 11) Supervision work system. 12) Supervision of facilities.
(2) The role of supervision and planning
1) Guide the project supervision agency to carry out the supervision work in an all-round way, and the supervision plan should make a comprehensive and systematic organization and arrangement for the supervision work of the project supervision agency. Including the determination of supervision objectives, the development of supervision procedures, the determination of target control, information management, contract management and organization and coordination and other measures and working methods and means.
2) supervision planning is the basis for the supervision of the supervision unit of the construction authority, and the supervision plan is the main basis for the supervision of the supervision unit by the government construction supervision department.
3) supervision planning is the main basis for the construction unit to confirm the performance of the supervision unit, and the supervision plan is the basis for the construction unit to confirm and understand whether the supervision unit performs the entrusted supervision contract.
4) supervision planning is the supervision of the internal assessment basis and the main archive data, the content of the supervision plan can be constantly modified and improved with the actual situation of the progress of the project, it is to a certain extent a true reflection of the whole picture of the project supervision, is the best supervision record, but also one of the main archive information of the supervision unit.
5. What kind of supervision work does it do in the construction preparation stage?
Answer: The supervision work in the construction preparation stage includes: being familiar with the design drawings, and putting forward written opinions or suggestions to the design unit through the construction unit for the problems found in the drawings; participating in the design disclosure meeting; reviewing the construction organization design submitted by the construction unit; reviewing the quality management system, technical management system and quality assurance system of the construction unit;
Examine and approve the qualification application form and relevant materials of the subcontractor, inspect and measure the results of radiation control and the protective measures of the control piles, review the project commencement application form and related materials submitted by the construction unit, and sign it by the chief engineer when the conditions are met; participate in the first regular site meeting held by the construction unit, and send the meeting minutes to the relevant units.
6. What are the key points for the control of major hazards on the construction site?
Identification of major hazards
Under normal circumstances, the major sources of danger in construction enterprises mainly include: the construction of deep foundation pits, shafts and large pipe trenches in foundation engineering, the installation, dismantling and use of large machinery and equipment (tower cranes, freight elevators, etc.) and the violation of operating procedures in various lifting and hoisting projects, resulting in accidents such as overturning of machinery and equipment, structural collapse and death;
Scaffolding and formwork support in the process of erection and demolition are not standardized, illegal command operations, non-standard high-altitude operations, illegal command and operation, construction electricity is not standardized, house demolition, blasting projects are operated in violation of regulations, etc.;
Management of major hazards
1) Formulate control objectives and management plans for major hazards.
2) Formulate emergency rescue plans.
3) Implementation of measures and programs.
Strengthen on-site supervision and inspection, strengthen safety construction training and education, eliminate backward technologies and processes, and moderately improve engineering construction safety fortification standards, so as to improve the level of construction safety technology and management, and reduce construction safety risks.
Formulate and implement the inspection, testing, maintenance and acceptance system for the installation, operation, dismantling and installation of large-scale construction machinery on the construction site.
Formulate and implement project construction safety commitments and on-site safety management performance evaluation systems to ensure safety investment and form a long-term mechanism for construction safety.
7. What relevant information should the supervising engineer review of the subcontractor?
Answer: 1) The business license, enterprise qualification certificate, and construction permit of the subcontractor, and the license of the foreign enterprise to contract the project in China.
2) Performance of subcontractors.
3) The content of the scope of the project to be subcontracted.
4) Qualification certificates and employment certificates of full-time management personnel and special engineering personnel.
5) Review the construction organization design prepared by the on-site technical person in charge of the subcontractor, reviewed by the technical person in charge of the subcontractor, and approved by the technical person in charge of the general contractor.
8. What are the conditions for the construction unit to be reported to the professional supervision engineer before it can be reported to the construction unit after being signed by the chief engineer?
A: 1) The construction permit has been approved by the competent government department.
2) The land acquisition and demolition work can meet the needs of the project progress.
3) The construction organization design has been approved by the chief engineer.
4) The on-site management personnel of the contractor have been in place, the machinery and construction personnel have entered the site, and the main engineering materials have been implemented.
5) The approach road and water, electricity, communication equipment, etc. have met the requirements for starting construction.
6) The director of the project management team of the construction unit has been approved.
7) On-site safety technical measures have been established.
8) The emergency plan is in place.
9) The construction unit is insured.
10) The drawings have been triaged.
9. What is included in the first site meeting?
Answer: 1) The construction unit, the construction unit and the supervision unit respectively introduce the organization, personnel and division of labor of their respective stationed at the site.
2) The construction unit announces the authorization of the chief engineer according to the entrusted supervision contract.
3) The construction unit introduces the preparation for the start of the project.
4) The contractor introduces the construction preparation.
5) The construction unit and the chief engineer put forward opinions and requirements on the construction preparation.
6) The chief engineer introduces the main content of the supervision plan.
7) Study and determine the main personnel of all parties participating in the regular site meeting during the construction process, and hold the period, place and main topics of the regular site meeting.
10. What are the contents of the project supervision organization when implementing the project quality control, and what are the main work contents of the supervision engineer to control the project quality?
Answer: When the approved construction organization design is adjusted, modified and supplemented, it should be reviewed by the professional supervision engineer and signed by the chief engineer;
Control measures for new materials, new technologies, new processes and new equipment used; assessment of the laboratory of the construction unit; control measures for the materials, components and equipment to be entered the site; regular inspection of the technical condition of the measuring equipment that directly affects the quality of the project; content of the implementation of side station supervision; review and approve the quality verification data of sub-projects, sub-projects and unit projects;
Measures to be taken for quality defects in the construction process; major quality hazards found in the construction should be issued a project suspension order in a timely manner, and a project resumption order should be issued when the rectification has been rectified and meets the specified requirements; and the handling process and results of quality accidents should be followed up and inspected.
The supervising engineer should do the following:
1) Review the qualifications and quality assurance conditions of the contractor, select the contractor, and confirm the subcontractor.
2) Determine quality standards and clarify quality requirements.
3) Supervise the contractor to establish and improve the quality assurance system
4) Organize and establish the quality supervision and control system of the project.
5) Implement quality tracking, supervision, inspection and control during the implementation of the project.
6) Disposal of quality defects or accidents.
11. What are the supervision work of project progress control?
Answer: 1) Review the construction schedule submitted by the construction unit;
2) System progress control plan, analysis and prevention of schedule risks;
3) Check the implementation of the schedule and take measures according to the actual situation;
4) Report the progress of the project to the construction unit through the supervision monthly report, and remind the construction unit not to cause delays and cost claims of the construction unit due to their own reasons.
12. What are the supervision work of project investment control?
Answer: 1) Conduct risk analysis and formulate preventive countermeasures for the cost target of the project;
2) Do a good job in project measurement and project payment;
3) Review the engineering change plan;
4) Do a good job of comparative analysis of the actual completed workload and engineering quantity and the planned completed workload, and formulate adjustment measures;
5) Review the project change plan;
6) Collect relevant materials in a timely manner to provide a basis for handling claims;
7) Do a good job of completion settlement according to relevant regulations.
13. The chief engineer shall not entrust the following work to the representative of the chief engineer?
Answer: 1) Preside over the preparation of project supervision planning and approval of project supervision implementation rules;
2) Issue the project start/resumption report form, project suspension order, project payment certificate, project completion inspection form;
3) Review and approve the completion settlement;
4) Mediate the contract dispute between the construction unit and the contractor, and deal with the claim;
5) According to the progress of the project, the deployment of supervision personnel, the transfer of incompetent supervision personnel.
14. The safety responsibility of the supervision unit
Answer: the project supervision unit shall review whether the safety technical measures or special construction plan in the construction organization design meet the mandatory standards for engineering construction.
In the process of supervising the project, if it is found that there are potential safety hazards, it shall require the construction unit to rectify; if the situation is serious, the construction unit shall be required to temporarily stop the construction and report to the construction unit in a timely manner.
If the construction unit refuses to rectify or does not stop the construction, the project supervision unit shall report to the relevant competent department in a timely manner.
The project supervision unit and the supervising engineer shall be in accordance with the laws, regulations and mandatory standards for the implementation of supervision, and the construction project safety production supervision responsibility.
15. In order to ensure the smooth progress of safe production, what relevant documents should the supervising engineer review and inspect?
Answer: (1) Check whether there is a construction permit.
(2) Review the qualification certificates and safety production licenses of construction general contractors, professional subcontractors and labor subcontractors.
(3) Review whether the main person in charge of the construction enterprise, the person in charge of the project, and the full-time safety management personnel have the safety production assessment certificate, the qualification certificate of the management personnel at all levels and the employment certificate of the special type of personnel.
(4) Review whether the safety technical measures in the construction organization design prepared by the construction unit and the special construction plan of the following divisions and sub-projects with greater risk meet the current national mandatory standards:
1) Deep foundation pit support, earthwork excavation and dewatering engineering with a depth of more than 5m;
2) Cantilevered, external, attached lifting scaffolding, tall special-shaped scaffolding;
3) High-risk operations such as hoisting, demolition, and blasting of large-scale structures and equipment;
4) Formwork construction of large formwork and beams and slabs with a span of more than 6m;
5) Underground excavation operations, manual digging pile operations;
6) The construction of new technologies, new processes, new materials and new equipment.
(5) Review whether the construction unit has formulated the underground pipeline protection measures plan according to the underground pipeline disclosure information provided by the construction unit, and sign the review opinion.
16. In order to ensure construction safety, what safety inspection duties should the supervising engineer perform?
Answer: 1) Check the construction unit to organize the construction in strict accordance with the construction organization design and special construction plan.
2) Inspect the use of safety protection and civilized construction measures of the construction unit.
3) Inspect the implementation of the safety production responsibility system, safety inspection system and accident reporting system at the construction site and the safety self-inspection work carried out by the construction unit.
4) Inspect the acceptance procedures of construction machinery and safety facilities, and sign the supervision opinion. Construction machinery, safety machinery, safety facilities shall not be put into use without the supervision personnel to sign the opinion.
17. Which projects need to be demonstrated and reviewed by an expert group organized by the construction enterprise?
Answer: (1) Deep foundation pit engineering The excavation depth is more than 5m (including 5m) or more than three floors (including three floors) in the basement, or the depth is not more than 5m (including 5m), but the geological conditions and surrounding environment and underground pipelines are extremely complex.
(2) Underground excavation engineering Underground excavation and tunnel engineering with complex geology such as karst caves, dark rivers, gas, rockbursts, mud gushings, and faults.
(3) Tall formwork engineering The formwork support system of horizontal concrete components is more than 8m, or the span is more than 18m, and the total construction load is greater than 10KN/m2, or the concentrated line load is greater than 15 KN/m2.
(4) Other projects
1) Works of 30m and above at height.
2) The project of deep-water operation in large rivers and large rivers.
3) Urban house demolition and blasting and other earth and rock blasting works.
18. What are the main contents of safety production supervision for construction units?
Answer: 1) Whether to apply for the "Safety Production License".
2) The use of construction project safety protection and civilized construction measures.
3) Set up safety production management institutions and assign full-time safety management personnel.
4) The three types of personnel have been assessed by the competent department for safety production.
5) Special types of workers holding certificates.
6) Safety production education and training plan and implementation.
7) Handling of accident insurance for construction site workers.
8) The formulation of occupational hazard prevention and control measures, the provision and use management of safety protective equipment and safety protective clothing.
9) Construction organization design and special construction plan preparation, approval and implementation.
10) Establishment and implementation of emergency rescue plans for production safety accidents.
11) The internal safety production inspection and rectification of potential accidents.
12) Registration, publicity and monitoring of major hazards.
13) Statistics, reporting, investigation and handling of production safety accidents.
14) Registration of the use of construction lifting machinery.
15) The elimination of processes, equipment and materials that endanger construction safety.
19. What are the main contents of the safety production supervision and inspection of the project supervision unit?
Answer: 1) the safety production management content into the supervision plan, as well as in the supervision plan and the supervision of medium-sized projects in the implementation rules for the development of safety technical measures for the construction unit inspection.
2) Review the qualification of construction enterprises and safety production licenses, and the three types of personnel and special types of personnel to obtain examination certificates and operation qualification certificates.
3) Review the construction enterprise's safety production protection system, safety production responsibility system, various rules and regulations, and the establishment and staffing of safety regulatory agencies.
4) Review the emergency rescue plan of the construction enterprise, the plan for the use of safety protection and civilized construction measures.
5) Review whether the safety protection of the construction site meets the requirements of the commitment and relevant safety production standards at the time of bidding.
6) Review the safety permit acceptance procedures of the construction unit, construction institutions and various facilities.
7) Review whether the safety technical measures or special construction plans in the construction organization design meet the mandatory standards for engineering construction.
8) Regularly inspect and inspect the operation of dangerous projects.
9) to the construction unit to issue a notice of rectification of hidden dangers, requiring rectification of hidden dangers of accidents or temporary suspension of work, review of rectification results, report to the construction unit to supervise the rectification of the construction unit, to the construction administrative department at or above the district or county level where the project is located, report the construction unit's refusal to rectify or not stop the construction.
10) Other related matters.
20. What are the key construction parts that need to be managed at the construction site?
Answer: (1) The construction sites that need to prepare a special construction plan are as follows:
1) Underground excavation construction.
2) Artificial reaming pile construction.
3) Erection and dismantling of scaffolding, unloading platform and horizontal safety net.
4) Construction of large formwork and beams, plates and formwork with a span of more than 6m.
5) Installation, lifting and dismantling of tower cranes, construction hoists, electric hanging baskets, and integral lifting scaffolding.
6) Lifting and hoisting construction.
(2) The plan needs to be organized for expert argumentation:
1) The depth of the foundation pit is more than 15m or the depth of the foundation pit is greater than the spacing of buildings and structures on the ground.
2) Underground excavation works through buildings, structures, roads, railways, and rivers.
3) The construction of formwork projects with a height of more than 8m or a span of more than 18m.
4) The construction of steel structure hoisting and load-bearing scaffolding engineering for steel structure construction with a span of more than 18m.
21. What are the safety production management rules and regulations of the construction unit?
Answer: (1) Safety production disclosure and inspection system.
(2) Safety production education system and training system.
The construction unit should put it on the agenda, put it in the plan, and do this complex and arduous work well. Construction personnel must go through safety production education and pass the examination before entering the construction site for construction operations. According to the nature of each specialty, the requirements of the employment system are also different:
1) Special types of personnel with certificates to work system.
2) Three types of personnel assessment system. The three types of personnel include the person in charge of the construction enterprise, the person in charge of the project and the full-time safety production management personnel, and the three types of personnel shall be qualified by the construction administrative department or the relevant departments before they can take up their posts.
(3) Safety production post responsibility system.
(4) Reward and punishment system for safe production.
(5) Step-by-step reporting system for safety production management.
(6) Establish a safety production information network and account system.
(7) Establish mechanical equipment operating procedures and acceptance systems.
(8) Establish rules and regulations for special types of work and the elimination system of turnover materials, templates, scaffolding, and mechanical equipment.
(9) Compile the safety operation procedures of each construction enterprise. Safety operation procedures should be prepared for special processes and main types of work projects on the construction site. The preparation should be based on the construction personnel's education level, quality level, habits and actual conditions of the project, targeted and operable.
22. What aspects should the supervision engineer focus on for the large-area earthwork excavation construction plan?
Answer: (1) The content of safety production measures should be reviewed. Prevent casualties caused by machinery and vehicles.
(2) The single-bucket excavator should be reasonably arranged on the face of the tunnel.
(3) The drainage and precipitation measures at the construction site should be reasonable and prevent electric shock.
(4) The road where the transport vehicle and the excavator walk should keep a certain safety distance from the slope, and strictly prevent the slope soil and building materials from being stacked too close to the edge and the precipitation and drainage effect are not in place, which is a powerful measure to prevent landslides from hurting people.
23. What are the safety measures for the construction of manually dug piles?
Answer: 1) Toxic and harmful gases must be detected underground before starting every day, and there should be sufficient safety protection measures. When the excavation depth of the pile hole exceeds 10m, there should be a special equipment for air supply to the underground.
2) An emergency soft ladder must be set up in the hole for personnel to go up and down the well. The electric hoist and cage used should be installed reliably and equipped with an automatic clamping safety device, and hemp rope and nylon rope should not be used to hang or pedal the flange of the well wall. The safe lifting capacity of the spreader must be checked before use.
3) Guardrails or effective coverage must be set around the orifice.
4) The installation and dismantling of all power supplies and circuits on the construction site must be operated by licensed electricians, and electrical appliances must be strictly grounded, connected to zero and leakage protectors must be used. The electricity of each hole must be opened, and it is strictly forbidden to use one gate for multiple purposes. The cable on the hole must be overhead more than 2m, it is strictly forbidden to support the ground and bury the soil, and the cables and wires in the hole must have anti-wear, moisture-proof, anti-break and other protective measures. The lighting should be a safety miner's lamp or a safety lamp below 12V.
5) The excavated earth and stone should be transported away from the orifice in time, and shall not be stacked within 1m around the orifice, and the passage of motor vehicles shall not affect the safety of the well wall.
6) The orifice flange should be 15cm higher than the ground.
24. What are the commonly used precipitation methods?
Answer: (1) open ditch drainage method in the foundation pit to dig drainage ditches and collection wells, the slope of the drainage ditch tends to collect wells, set.
(2) Well-point precipitation method The well-point precipitation method includes electroosmosis wells, jet wells, deep wells and single-layer (multi-bed) light wells.
(3) The precipitation of deep wells is suitable for the foundation pit precipitation of soil layers with a depth of more than 15m and a permeability coefficient of > 10-5 (cm/s). The method is to form a well inside and outside the foundation pit, and a water pump is set up in each well to pump out the water.
According to the field test to determine the pumping volume, well depth, number of wells, well spacing, the actual number of wells should be more than 1.1 times of the calculated amount, and set up a certain number of observation wells, according to the need to carry out the observation of pore pressure, ground deformation and ground stress.
25. What aspects of inspection should be carried out by the supervision engineer of blasting and demolition engineering?
Answer: 1) Review whether the blasting unit is qualified.
2) Review whether the construction organization design is feasible.
3) Strictly check whether the safety protection measures in the area affected by blasting are consistent with the construction organization design, and check the actual implementation.
4) Check the certificate and test report of blasting equipment.
5) Check the results of the blasting simulation test.
6) Check the depth, diameter, quantity, location and plugging degree of the blasting hole.
7) Check the weight, burial depth, and variety of explosives.
8) Check whether the detonator line network meets the design requirements.
9) Check whether the results meet the design requirements after blasting and make a record.
26. What should the supervising engineer focus on reviewing the scaffolding construction plan?
Answer: (1) The type of scaffolding is single row or double row, closed or open, whether it is landed or cantilevered, and it can be selected according to needs. Floor steel pipe fastener scaffolding, this kind of scaffolding should focus on checking whether the erection height H of single-row and double-row scaffolding meets the regulations:
H>25m is an ultra-high scaffold;
When H≤25m is a general scaffold;
When H>24m, single-row scaffolding is disabled;
When the wall thickness ≤ 180, the single-row scaffolding is disabled;
Walls built with hollow bricks, aerated blocks and other lightweight materials are prohibited from using single-row scaffolding;
For walls with a strength of masonry mortar less than M10, it is forbidden to use a single row of scaffolding.
(2) Calculation of loads
1) Permanent load The self-weight of the scaffold is calculated according to the convention.
2) Construction load Calculate the self-weight of construction personnel, equipment and construction materials.
3) The calculation of wind load should take into account the horizontal wind load value increased when the scaffold is fully hung with dense mesh.
4) The impulse force of the concrete pump truck conveying pipe, especially the impact of the huge thrust generated in the process of blockage and sudden eruption of the conveying pipe, should take reinforcement measures on the scaffold of the conveying pipe in advance to ensure safety.
(3) Calculation of each component of the scaffold
1) Calculation of bearing capacity of upright pole foundation.
2) Calculation of connecting wall pieces.
3) Calculation of other components. When the height of the scaffold is ≥50m, the method of double-pipe pole or sectional unloading and sectional setting should be generally adopted, and the calculation of each component should be carried out.
The supervising engineer should review whether the calculation diagram and load combination are correct. Whether the transverse and longitudinal horizontal rods are calculated according to the flexural members, whether all the components of the upright rod that transmit the load are calculated according to the compressive bending members, and whether the anti-slip bearing capacity of the standard fasteners is calculated.
27. Safety technical provisions for cantilevered scaffolding in building construction
1) Cantilevered scaffold (hereinafter referred to as cantilever frame) refers to the scaffolding that the frame structure is unloaded on the rigid cantilever beam (frame) attached to the building structure, and the erection height of each section shall not be greater than 24m.
2) Before the construction of the cantilever frame, a special construction plan should be prepared, and there must be construction drawings and design calculations, which shall be approved by the technical person in charge of the construction enterprise and the chief engineer, and shall be implemented under the supervision of full-time safety management personnel.
3) The building structure to which the cantilever frame is attached shall be a reinforced concrete structure or a steel structure, and shall not be attached to a brick-concrete structure or a stone structure.
4) The supporting structure of the cantilever frame shall be a cantilever beam or cantilever truss made of section steel, etc., and shall not use steel pipes;
5) the section steel used in the production of cantilever beam, the selection of its model, specification, fixed end and cantilever end size should be determined by design calculation, and the connection with the building structure should be horizontally supported on the form of the building beam plate structure, the length of the fixed end should not be less than 1.5 times the length of the overhang, and the connection with the building must be reliable (such as by not less than two embedded U-bolts and pressing plates are fixed with double nuts, and the screw exposed nut should not be less than 3 buckles), and the connection strength should be determined by calculation.
6) A rigid wall piece should be set up within every two steps and three spans of the cantilever frame body or the projection area of the façade of the scaffold frame body every 27m2. It is strictly forbidden to use flexible wall pieces such as steel bars and iron wires.
7) Scaffolding should be provided with continuous scissor braces along the entire length and height of the outer façade.
8) The bottom of the frame should be provided with longitudinal and transverse sweeping rods, sweeping rods should be close to the cantilever beam (frame), the longitudinal sweeping rod distance from the cantilever beam (frame) shall not be greater than 20cm, and the longitudinal horizontal rod step distance of the first step frame shall not be greater than 1.5m.
9) The frame structure should have strengthening measures in the following parts:
(1), the corner of the façade of the frame;
(2) The frame body needs to be disconnected or opened from the tower crane, elevator, material hoist, unloading platform and other equipment;
(3) Other special parts.
10) The unloading platform should be erected separately, and its load should be directly transmitted to the engineering structure or ground, and not to the scaffolding body.
11) Cantilever protection
(1) Along the periphery of the frame body must be fully enclosed with a dense safety net.
(2) The scaffold board at the bottom of the frame must be laid firmly and tightly, and the double-layer bottom of the flat net and dense safety net should be applied.
(3) Two protective railings and foot guards (foot fences) should be provided on the inside of the outer pole of each operating layer.
12) The construction plan and relevant safety technical regulations shall be strictly implemented when the cantilever frame is erected and dismantled.
28. What aspects should be paid attention to in the construction safety supervision of static pile driver?
Answer: 1) The construction site of the pile driver should be flat, and the bearing capacity should reach more than 35kPa.
2) The track walking wheel should be installed firmly, and it should be inspected and accepted before it can be used after installation.
3) The inspection before use includes: brakes, wire ropes, spreaders, luffing, lifting, etc. should be kept in good condition.
4) During construction, unified command should be given, and the construction personnel should cooperate closely with each other and maintain coordination. The pile pressing operation shall be carried out according to the technical performance of the pile driver, and the operation shall not be overloaded.
5) In order to ensure safety, non-operating personnel should be 10m away, and it is strictly forbidden to stand under the crane arm. During the operation of the equipment, the operator should concentrate and closely monitor the changes in the surrounding situation.
6) After the construction is completed, the equipment should be parked in a flat and solid place, the hydraulic piston should be retracted into the piston cylinder, the lifting hook should be raised, the brake lever should be tightened and the equipment should be repaired and maintained. Cut off the power supply, and the circulating water should be released after the construction is completed in winter to prevent the frost heaving and rupture of the cylinder block.
29. How to stipulate the safety supervision and management of construction lifting machinery?
Answer: 1) The unit engaged in the installation and dismantling of construction lifting machinery (hereinafter referred to as the installation unit) shall obtain the corresponding qualification issued by the competent construction department and the safety production license of the construction enterprise in accordance with the law.
2) The installation unit shall perform the following safety duties:
(1) Prepare a special construction plan for the installation and dismantling of construction lifting machinery, and sign it by the technical person in charge of the unit;
(2) Inspect construction lifting machinery and on-site construction conditions;
(3) Organize the disclosure of safety construction technology and sign for confirmation;
(4) Formulate emergency rescue plans for production safety accidents in the installation and dismantling of construction lifting machinery;
(5) The special construction plan for the installation and dismantling of construction lifting machinery, the list of installation and dismantling personnel, the installation and dismantling time and other materials shall be submitted to the general contractor and the supervision unit for review, and the competent department of construction of the local people's government at or above the county level where the project is located shall be notified.
3) After the installation of construction lifting machinery is completed, the installation unit shall carry out self-inspection, debugging and trial operation. If the self-inspection is qualified, a self-inspection certificate shall be issued, and the safe use explanation shall be given to the user.
4) The installation unit shall establish a file for the installation and dismantling of construction lifting machinery.
5) After the installation of construction lifting machinery is completed, the user shall organize the leasing, installation, supervision and other relevant units to carry out acceptance, or entrust an inspection and testing institution with corresponding qualifications to carry out acceptance.
6) The user shall, within 30 days from the date of acceptance of the installation and acceptance of the construction lifting machinery, apply for the registration of the use of the construction lifting machinery to the construction department of the local people's government at or above the county level where the project is located.
7) The user shall perform the following safety duties:
(1) Formulate emergency rescue plans for production safety accidents;
(2) Set up obvious safety warning signs;
(3) Equipped with full-time equipment management personnel;
(4) Conduct on-site supervision and inspection;
(5) If the construction lifting machinery fails or an abnormal situation occurs, stop using it immediately.
8) The user shall regularly inspect, maintain and maintain the construction lifting machinery in use, and make records.
9) The supervision unit shall perform the following safety duties:
(1) Review the manufacturing license, product qualification certificate, manufacturing supervision and inspection certificate of construction hoisting machinery and special equipment
Case certificate and other documents;
(2) Review the qualification certificates, safety production licenses and special operation qualification certificates of special operation personnel of construction lifting machinery installation units and users;
(3) Review the special construction plan for the installation and dismantling of construction lifting machinery;
(4) Supervise the implementation of the special construction plan for the installation and dismantling of construction lifting machinery by the installation unit;
(5) Supervise and inspect the use of construction lifting machinery;
(6) If it is found that there is a hidden danger of production safety accidents, the installation unit and the user unit shall be required to rectify within a time limit, and if the installation unit and the user unit refuse to rectify, it shall be reported to the construction unit in a timely manner.
10) The organization should coordinate and formulate safety measures to prevent tower cranes from colliding with each other.
11) Special operators such as construction hoisting machinery installation and dismantling workers, lifting signal workers, lifting drivers, and rope workers shall pass the assessment of the competent construction department and obtain the special operation qualification certificate before they can take up their posts.
30. What should be paid attention to in the safety supervision of elevators?
Answer:
(1) The construction elevator has a dual-purpose function of manning and goods, and the installation and dismantling shall be undertaken by the professionals with the qualification certificate issued by the construction administrative department. And by the training, examination qualified, obtained the certificate of personnel to operate, maintenance.
(2) The bearing capacity of concrete should not be less than 150kPa, the allowable deviation of flatness should be 10mm, and there should be drainage facilities. The distance between the rail bracket of the lift and the wall of the building should be appropriate, and the flatness should be stable.
(3) The lifting frame should be controlled in two directions by theodolite, and the verticality should be controlled at 0.05%. Protective fences should be set up within 2.5m of the elevator cage, and platforms, passages, protective fences and protective doors should be set up on each floor, and there should be no obstacles.
(4) For lifts installed in dark places, the passage should be illuminated and there should be floor display lights and floor numbers, and closed barriers should be set up when set up in the hoistway. The elevator should be accepted by the technical person in charge in conjunction with the relevant departments, and after the fall test, it can be used only after it is qualified.
(5) When the fall prevention facilities of the elevator are in use or in operation for one month, they shall be debugged, repaired and appraised by the manufacturer or the designated unit. The elevator shall carry out a fall test every 3 months, and the fall test shall be adjusted when the fall test exceeds 1.2m, and the fall safety device shall be repaired once after each fall.
(6) The following items should be checked before use:
1) There is no deformation, cracking, and no loosening of the bolts in each part of the structure;
2) The guide rail wheel and the guide rail should run freely, and the rack and gear should be consistent.
3) Barrier-free operation range. The wire rope is wear-free and firmly fixed.
(7) When the operator leaves, the power supply should be cut off, and the commander and the operator should exchange information. The elevator should stop running in windy, heavy rain and foggy weather above level 6. And it should be lowered to the bottom layer and cut off the power supply. After stopping the operation, the switch box and cage door should be locked.
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