【Ershi Xiaobei School】Health Science Popularization丨Obesity prevention and control, starting from the baby
Childhood obesity is a serious threat to children's physical and mental health, in order to disseminate children's weight control related knowledge to teachers, students and parents, and improve the awareness of healthy weight, our school has selected relevant materials from the health promotion and education resource library of China Health Education Center for push, welcome everyone to watch.
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Moderator: Zhang Li, China Health Education Center
What is the current situation of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in mainland China?
Zhao Wenhua: Chief Expert of Nutrition at the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention
At the end of last year, the National Health Commission released the Report on the Status of Nutrition and Chronic Diseases of Chinese Residents (2020) at the State Council, which is the latest round of health check-ups for mainland Chinese people. In this report, we can see that the combined overweight and obesity rates of children and adolescents aged 6-17 in mainland China are nearly 20%, and the combined overweight and obesity rates of children under 6 years old are 10%. From the perspective of urban and rural areas, the overweight and obesity rates of children and adolescents aged 6-17 are higher in urban areas than in rural areas, and the overweight rate of children under 6 years old is slightly higher in urban areas than in rural areas, but the obesity rate in rural areas exceeds that in urban areas. Historically, compared to the 2015 report, there has been an increase in both children and adolescents aged 6-17 and under the age of 6. This also shows that the situation of obesity has become more and more severe in the past few years. That's the overall situation.
Moderator: Zhang Li, China Health Education Center
What are the specific dangers of childhood obesity?
Liu Ailing, researcher at the Institute of Nutrition and Health, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Childhood obesity is still very harmful to children's health, it not only affects the growth and development of children and their physical and mental health, but also causes harm to the development of families and society. The health of individual children can be divided into the following four aspects: First, it will affect the growth and development of children. Because obesity will cause some harm to multiple organs and systems, such as bones and muscular systems, because excessive weight will produce greater pressure on bones and muscles, and it is easy to cause damage to joints, bones and muscles, so we often hear obese children say that my bones or muscles are uncomfortable, and their risk of fractures, lower limb deformities, and mobility problems is significantly higher than that of children with normal weight. Obesity can also affect children's reproductive and endocrine systems, causing them to develop puberty early and, in severe cases, precocious puberty. The second harm of obesity to individuals is that it will affect children's brain and intellectual development, and there are also a large number of studies showing that the intelligence level of obese children is significantly lower than that of children of normal weight, and the more severe the degree of obesity, the greater the impact on cognition and intelligence. The third is that obesity affects children's athletic ability and athletic development. The lung capacity of an obese child is relatively low, and his physical fitness, such as endurance, explosiveness, and flexibility, is significantly lower than that of a normal weight child, so we often see that many obese children fail to meet the physical fitness test. The fourth effect is the psychological impact on the child. Obese children often have some psychological problems, such as their personality is more introverted, timid, and more depressed, unhappy, children are excessively inferior, not confident, more withdrawn, will not communicate with others, and are unwilling to communicate with others, and often have disputes with classmates and playmates, emotional instability, easy to be impatient, angry and other conditions. It is also very important that obesity is harmful to the child's current and adult health. As the saying goes, "obesity is the source of all diseases", obesity will cause damage to many of our systems and organs, and obese children may have some chronic diseases such as hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, and dyslipidemia, and the incidence of asthma and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is also relatively high. Children are fat when they are young, and they are often fat when they grow up, which will lead to an increase in the risk of chronic diseases in adulthood, such as coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, cancer, etc., which will affect his health, longevity and quality of life throughout his life. This is the impact on individual children. As I just said, in addition to causing harm to the individual, it will also affect the development of his family and society. These hazards of obesity to the child's physical and mental health will increase the economic burden on the family and society, and this harm will also limit the development of the child's potential, and his labor productivity will decline when he grows up, so it is not conducive to the improvement of his family and the quality of our entire national and the long-term development of the economy and society. Therefore, it is imperative to carry out the prevention and control of childhood obesity for individual children, our families and society.
Moderator: Zhang Li, China Health Education Center
How do you determine if a child is obese? How is childhood obesity screened in mainland China?
Ma Guansheng is the director of the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University
For children of different ages, we use different criteria, for children aged 5 years and younger, we use the length/weight-for-height Z-score or BMI-Z-for-age BMI-Z score for overweight and obesity screening. There is a health industry standard in our country that is the 2013 version of the "Determination of the Growth Status of Children Under 5 Years of Age", and we can use such a standard to make judgments. If the weight-for-length/height Z-score or BMI-Z-for-age score is greater than 2, it is considered overweight, and if it is greater than 3, it is considered obese. For children aged 5-6 years, the 2007 growth and development standards of the World Health Organization are used, and the BMI-Z score for age is also used, if the BMI-Z score for age is greater than 1, it is judged to be overweight, and if it is greater than 2, it is judged to be obese. School-age children aged 6-17 are using the standard of the mainland, and the BMI indicators of different ages and genders are used. For different ages and genders, we all have a specific value to determine whether he is emaciated, normal weight, overweight or obese, this standard was released in 2018 and is also the health industry standard. At the same time, there is also a standard for children's waist circumference, which is also based on the health industry standard released in 2018, which is based on the waist circumference value of children of different ages and genders, if it is in the 75th percentile, it is central overweight, and above the 90th percentile is central obesity. For children, we should pay attention to measuring his height and weight, on the one hand, to assess whether he is in the normal process of development. For different children, the frequency of our measurement of his height and weight is also different. For children under 6 months of age, it is best to measure his height and weight once a month to monitor whether his growth and development are normal. For children aged 6 to 12 months, it should be tested every two months, 1-2 years old children should be tested every 3 months, and 3-6 years old children should be tested every six months. Children over the age of 6 should be tested at least once a year. For children with different weight status, we should also decide the frequency of measurement according to his nutritional status, if he is underweight, emaciated, or overweight and obese, we should measure it every 3-6 months to monitor his height and weight changes to see his growth and development.
Moderator: Zhang Li, China Health Education Center
What are the effects of obesity in children and adolescents?
Liu Ailing, researcher at the Institute of Nutrition and Health, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention
The influencing factors of childhood obesity are multifaceted and can be roughly divided into three major aspects: genetic factors, environmental factors and sociocultural factors. Genetic factors account for about 40%-70% of obesity. However, it is difficult for our genes to change greatly in a short period of time, so in recent decades, the rapid rise of overweight and obesity in children is not due to genetic changes, but mainly due to our environmental factors. Environmental factors mainly include some factors of the individual, such as dietary intake, physical activity, lifestyle, etc., and the environment that causes obesity. As far as individual factors are concerned, such as children's unreasonable dietary structure, frequent eating of foods with high energy density, and excessive fat energy supply, will lead to increased energy intake, which will increase the risk of obesity. In addition, some unhealthy dietary factors, such as children often skipping breakfast or having fewer types of breakfast, poor nutritional quality, often eating some high-oil, high-sugar snacks, often drinking sugary drinks, often eating out or often ordering takeout, overeating, these unhealthy behaviors will also increase the risk of obesity in children. In addition to eating or excessive energy intake, we all know that obesity occurs because of an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Compared with children's excessive energy intake, on the other hand, children's energy consumption shows a trend of decreasing or decreasing, that is, children usually have less physical activity, and the static time of watching TV and playing mobile phone videos is increased, which leads to their energy consumption is relatively small, and will also increase the risk of obesity. In addition to these aspects, there are other lifestyle factors, such as sleep, sleeping too much or too little, which can increase the risk of obesity. The second aspect of environmental factors is the obese-causing environment. What is an obese-causing environment? That is, an environment that leads to high energy intake and static activity, which can be broadly divided into a food environment and a physical activity environment. The food environment can be further divided into family food environment, school food environment and community food environment. The family food environment refers to whether the food prepared by parents for their children is healthy, high in nutritional value or unhealthy, whether they often eat with their families, whether the atmosphere of dining is more relaxed and active, and whether the overall nutrition and health literacy and health awareness of parents and children are very good. The school environment includes the school's feeding for children, the food supply in the school commissary, the more oil, sugar and salt foods provided or some healthier foods, and the school's nutrition and health education. The community environment mainly includes the types and locations of food stores, fast food restaurants, restaurants, and small supermarkets in the community, which are close to the children. The second is the physical activity environment, which refers to the activity places in the community, such as whether the streets and parks have playgrounds for children, whether the schools have sports fields, whether these places can be easily entered for activities, whether they are safe, whether they are low-cost, that is, they can be provided to children for free. The third factor is socio-cultural factors. Sociocultural factors also play an important role in the occurrence of childhood obesity. In the traditional culture of our country, it is often felt that children are fat as a sign of health and wealth, and parents often encourage their children to eat more, which is also a reason why children, especially boys, are more fat in our country. Among the three major types of influencing factors introduced above, such as children's diet and physical activity, this lifestyle is the key factor affecting childhood obesity by individual factors, and environmental and sociocultural factors that cause obesity play a role in contributing to the impact. From this level, the prevention and control of childhood obesity must be all-round, and it requires the joint efforts of our individuals, our families, and our society to do this work well.
Moderator: Zhang Li, China Health Education Center
In recent years, what has the mainland government done to prevent and control obesity in children and adolescents?
Zhao Wenhua: Chief Expert of Nutrition at the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention
I just said that heredity is important, but it is not the determining factor, we can't change heredity, in the prevention and control of childhood obesity, from the government level, I want to use eight words. The first is "Policies and Strategies". In 2016, the "Healthy China 2030" Planning Outline and the "Healthy China Action (2019-2030)" issued by the State Council later mentioned the prevention and control of obesity in the population in these national strategies at the highest level of our country, that is, they were included in the overall national prevention and control strategy. In 2017, the State Council issued the "Medium and Long-term Plan for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases in China (2017-2025)" and the "National Nutrition Plan (2017-2030)", which in addition to the overall goal, also proposed to reduce the rate of obesity rise. The National Health Commission, the Ministry of Education, the State Administration for Market Regulation, and the All-China Women's Federation have issued the Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Childhood Obesity, which is the most important national action strategy at the action level in recent years. The establishment of this goal has strengthened the responsibilities of the Quartet, the family, the school, the health sector, and the government, which should be said to be the most important policy and strategy at the national level in recent years. The second is "measures and actions". At the national level of measures and actions, we have been continuously monitoring, which is why we have the current prevalence of overweight and obesity among children, the differences between urban and rural areas, the regional differences, and the rate of increase. In addition to surveillance, the most important thing is that overweight and obesity in children is a problem, a health problem, and then intervention is needed. In the past five to six years, the National Health Commission has organized and carried out "Nutrition Campus" in 10 places in 8 provinces and cities across the country, focusing on the prevention and control of overweight and obesity in children. The "Nutrition Campus" project has developed a number of intervention models and technologies that can be scaled up in different regions. As you know, the "Nutrition Improvement" project, which covers more than 30 million rural compulsory education students across the country, was initially thought to be undernourished and anemia and other micronutrient deficiencies, but after about 2014, we also found out how this improvement project can also do a good job in the prevention and control of overweight and obesity, promote a reasonable diet, promote active physical activity, and promote education to help children, which is also a very important action strategy. We carry out the National Nutrition Week, May 20 Student Nutrition Day, National Healthy Lifestyle Action, etc., at the national level to the provinces and to the local level, under the guidance of national policies, strategies and these action measures, we have continuously improved the attention of people at all levels to overweight and obesity, and to overweight and obesity in children, which has played an active role in the future of our country in the big strategy of building a healthy China, and laid a solid foundation.
Moderator: Zhang Li, China Health Education Center
The National Health Commission's Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention has just completed the revision of the Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Childhood Obesity (2021), compared with the Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Overweight and Obesity in School-age Children and Adolescents in China issued in 2008, what are the main changes and revisions?
Ma Guansheng is the director of the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University
The last edition of the Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Overweight and Obesity among School-age Children and Adolescents in China was published in 2008. More than ten years have passed, and Chief Zhao just introduced that the overweight and obesity rate of children in mainland China has changed, its influencing factors and our lifestyles have changed, so we must revise the guidelines for the prevention of overweight and obesity in children to meet the needs of the current new situation. This revision has been completed and officially published, with the following changes compared to the 2008 edition. First, it covers a wider range of people. The 2008 edition focused only on school-age children, and we should move the threshold forward, considering that children are now overweight and obese and are becoming younger. Therefore, the 2021 version of the guidelines for the prevention and control of childhood obesity covers children of all ages under the age of 18, and the coverage of the whole age group is larger. Second, the procedures formulated are more standardized and scientific. The 2008 edition was revised by a group of experts based on some evidence at the time. At the time of the formulation of the 2021 edition, the World Health Organization issued a scientific procedure for the revision of the guidelines, including evidence-based procedures, asking key questions, etc., which were revised in strict accordance with this procedure at the time of this revision. Third, the revised guidelines for the prevention and control of childhood obesity cover a wide range of experts, covering a wider and larger range. Fourth, its content is richer. The 2021 edition of the Guidelines specifically emphasizes the need to create a supportive environment for the prevention and control of childhood obesity, covering more aspects such as family environment, school environment, and community environment. The new version of the Guidelines includes 5 chapters, which put forward recommendations from the aspects of family environment, school environment, community environment and social environment, as well as some specific recommendations for implementation. For example, for children of normal weight, the focus is prevention, for those who are already overweight, the focus is to prevent them from turning from overweight to obesity, and for those who are already obese, we need to control the degree of obesity and not aggravate it, and it is best to change to overweight or normal weight. The new version of the Guidelines is divided into five chapters, the first chapter describes the development and changes of childhood obesity in China, and some of the health hazards caused by obesity, the second chapter focuses on how to screen and evaluate childhood obesity, and the third chapter focuses on the prevention of childhood obesity, including 10 key recommendations, covering early life, dietary intake, eating behavior and physical activity, Chapter 4 focuses on the control and treatment of overweight and obese children, that is, what to do if they are already overweight and obese, and we make four key recommendations, covering nutritional interventions, exercise interventions, Behavioral intervention and other interventions, first we need to do a good job of nutrition intervention, then exercise intervention, and at the same time consider how to adjust his behavior and lifestyle, which is also very critical; Chapter 5 introduces the supportive environment for the prevention and control of childhood obesity, which is also different from the previous edition, emphasizing four aspects, family supportive environment, school supportive environment, community supportive environment and social supportive environment.
Moderator: Zhang Li, China Health Education Center
What is the content of a supportive environment for the prevention and control of childhood obesity in the new version?
Ma Guansheng is the director of the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University
The occurrence and development of childhood obesity is actually affected by many factors, including genetic factors, dietary factors, physical activity, social and cultural environment, etc., so we should consider multiple aspects when we carry out obesity prevention and control. The impact of societal factors as a whole is crucial, and we must integrate environmental factors that influence childhood obesity in the design, guidance and interventions. The child is in the whole social environment, and the environment in which he lives most often is the family, the school, almost half and half, and of course the community, the social culture, so we have to consider these factors. Family factors should be considered first. The influence on him is very great, including the influence of his parents' words and deeds. At the same time, some physical environments of the school, such as whether there are sports facilities, whether there is a healthy social atmosphere, whether the school provides lunches, whether there is a physical monitoring system and system, etc., can affect his growth and health status. Also, is there a commissary in the school? Is the lunch provided by the school nutritious? Is the diet provided by the kindergarten healthy? It affects whether he will become an overweight and obese child. A supportive environment is also inseparable from a healthy community, so to build a supportive community environment, the number of fast food restaurants and the distance set by supermarkets will actually affect the weight of the child. Including if there are too many advertisements for children in the media, it will affect the formation of healthy eating behaviors in children. Therefore, in a supportive environment, it is necessary to work together at least from the family, school, community and society to curb the continuous growth of overweight and obesity among children in our country.
Moderator: Zhang Li, China Health Education Center
Home and school are the places where children are most often active, so what role do families and schools play in the prevention and control of obesity in children and adolescents?
Zhao Wenhua: Chief Expert of Nutrition at the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Families and schools do have an irreplaceable role in the prevention and control of childhood obesity, and only by working together can we ensure the healthy growth of children. Because we all know that parents are the first responsible for the prevention and control of childhood obesity, children's birth weight, children are breastfed, what children's parents do, whether they can become partners with each other, the role of parents, and whether parents can regularly monitor their children's height and weight, and know how to judge, and solve problems as soon as possible, these should be subtle and very important for children. In eating behaviour and active physical activity, if parents don't like what they eat, children may not be able to eat it either. Parents are reluctant to move, and children may not be able to have active physical activity or good behavior to exercise, so parents are role models for children. These behaviors and habits of parents, how to pass on good behaviors and good habits to their children in the family. Schools and teachers play the same role in the prevention and control of childhood obesity as parents, and how can our schools create a better supportive environment, such as improving our current feeding conditions and spreading nutrition knowledge to children. If there are not so many physical education classes in school, how to make the most of the 10 minutes between classes. Teacher Ma and I have also jointly promoted the 10-minute recess on campus, that is, so that children can have a good support environment and conditions at school, under the guidance of the school, with the support of teachers. In addition, the school now has to give children a physical examination every year, and the results of the physical examination must be used well for the two indicators of height and weight, once the children are overweight and obese, they must communicate with their parents and the medical and health departments in a timely manner to support each other and support each other. I think that school and family are the two most direct battlefields for the prevention and control of childhood obesity.
Moderator: Zhang Li, China Health Education Center
The prevention of obesity should start from the baby, so as a mother, such as a pregnant woman and a nursing mother, what role does it play in the prevention and control of obesity in children and adolescents?
Liu Ailing, researcher at the Institute of Nutrition and Health, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention
The first 1,000 days of life, from embryonic formation to 2 years of age, is one of the most critical periods in determining nutrition and health throughout life. Numerous studies have also proven that nutritional status in early life is indeed closely related to childhood obesity. First, expectant mothers gain too much or too little weight during pregnancy to increase the risk of obesity in their offspring during childhood. Many studies have shown that offspring of women who gain too much weight during pregnancy have a 1.9 and 1.3 times higher risk of developing obesity within 5 years of age and between 5 and 18 years of age, respectively. On the other hand, pregnant mothers who do not gain enough weight during pregnancy will also increase the risk of obesity. Because the children born at this time tend to have a lower body weight, they will quickly catch up with the growth after birth, and some studies have also shown that it can increase the risk by 2.7 times. After the child is born, breastfeeding is also closely related to childhood obesity, and there are a large number of domestic and foreign research data that show that mothers can reduce the risk of childhood obesity and type II diabetes, so the benefits of breastfeeding are very many. The longer he breastfeeds, the lower his risk of obesity. This may be due to the fact that the nutrients in breast milk are very good, and some active substances contained in breast milk, such as leptin and adiponectin associated with obesity, can promote metabolism and can cause a certain inhibitory effect on the formation of fat in children. There are also substances in breast milk that inhibit the expression of obesity genes. In addition, breastfeeding can also help children develop better, healthy eating habits in later life. Therefore, the prevention and control of childhood obesity must be moved forward. We recommend that pregnant women must regularly monitor the changes in gestational weight to maintain appropriate gestational weight gain according to our pre-pregnancy weight status. If the weight of the mother who is trying to conceive before pregnancy is relatively low, the weight gain during pregnancy will be a little more, basically 11-16 kg. If the pre-pregnancy weight is normal, the total weight gain during pregnancy is about 8 to 14 kg. If you are already overweight before pregnancy, you will need to gain less weight during pregnancy, about 7-11 kg. If you are fat before pregnancy, you should gain less weight during pregnancy, almost 5-9 kg, not more than 9 kg. In order to maintain such a suitable weight gain, pregnant mothers should maintain a balanced diet during pregnancy, eat a variety of foods, do not eat a lot like many traditional habits, eat a lot, make up a lot, feel good for the child, we should not overeat, eat more vegetables, high protein content, high oil or high energy density to control the appropriate amount. On the other hand, pregnant mothers should also maintain an active state of physical activity, can not say that pregnancy is particularly expensive, can not move, this is not right, if there are no special taboos, we recommend that pregnant mothers have more than 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activities every day, brisk walking this type of activity. For mothers who are obese before pregnancy or diagnosed with gestational diabetes during pregnancy, it is even more important to be active. After the child is born, the mother during the breastfeeding period must overcome all difficulties, and the first milk the child eats must be the mother's milk, that is, to feed as soon as possible. Exclusive breastfeeding is required for at least 6 months. After 6 months, we will continue to breastfeed until the age of two while adding complementary foods scientifically and rationally. These good behaviors of pregnant mothers are crucial for the prevention and control of obesity in children.
Moderator: Zhang Li, China Health Education Center
In addition to pregnant mothers, for families with children, what should be paid attention to in terms of daily dietary intake and dietary behavior in the prevention of childhood obesity?
Ma Guansheng is the director of the Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University
In terms of diet, there are at least six aspects that need to be paid attention to: First, it is necessary to eat regularly. For children, it is three meals and two snacks, three meals and two snacks. Have a good breakfast because breakfast is the first meal of the day, breakfast must be eaten and eaten well. Therefore, the first rule is to eat regularly and eat a good breakfast. Of course, there is a suggestion about the amount of three meals a day, for example, breakfast should provide 25%-30% of the energy of the whole day, lunch is 30%-40%, and dinner is roughly the same ratio. We should pay attention to the variety of food, the dietary guidelines for Chinese residents suggest that it is best to reach 12 different types of food a day, including cereals, animal foods, vegetables and fruits, milk, soy products, nuts, etc., and it is best to reach 12 kinds a day to meet the needs. The second is to eat at home as much as possible, and eat less out, so that the family diet is relatively healthier. Some parents use Western-style fast food as a means of rewarding or punishing their children, which is not advisable, as it will affect their children's normal eating behavior. The third is to create a relaxed and happy healthy dining atmosphere when eating, especially so that children can focus on eating, that is, eating wholeheartedly, do not let children look at mobile phones or watch TV while eating, which will affect the digestion and absorption of children's entire food. Fourth, when preparing food, we should pay attention to the variety of food, and the amount of each serving of food should be smaller. When cooking food, pay attention to foods with relatively low energy density, pay attention to the cooking methods used, and try not to use the form of frying, the form of frying often invisibly increases the energy content of the food, with the form of steaming, boiling, stewing, and less in the form of frying and frying. Fifth, it is necessary to ensure that children consume cereals, especially whole grains, which are not overly processed, retain dietary fiber and vitamins and mineral nutrients needed for children's growth and development, which are conducive to children's healthy growth. Sixth, on the issue of snacks, we can let the child eat snacks appropriately and appropriately, and not let him eat snacks excessively, for example, the energy provided by snacks should not exceed 10% of the total energy throughout the day, and different types and varieties should be selected when choosing snacks. There is still time to eat, and it is better to eat between meals, rather than close to the main meal, to avoid affecting his appetite. We can choose products like dairy, fruits, nuts for our children to eat. There is also a need to reduce and limit the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages. It is best not to let your child drink sugary drinks or drink them sparingly, and if your child wants to drink a drink, you can drink light drinks. I have just put forward some suggestions to parents from the above six aspects, and I hope that they can be used as reference and implementation in actual life.
Moderator: Zhang Li, China Health Education Center
What should be paid attention to in terms of physical activity and lifestyle in the prevention of childhood obesity?
Zhao Wenhua: Chief Expert of Nutrition at the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Being sedentary is also a risk factor for health effects, especially overweight and obesity, and it should be said that eating balance is key. The real impact on health, the four words "physical activity" are particularly important, it is a concept and a measure. In 2004, the World Health Organization (WHO) released the Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health. Therefore, physical activity is not only important for children and adolescents to prevent overweight and obesity, but also for their overall health. Physical activity of children and adolescents, if according to age, 3-5 years old children enter the kindergarten, the obesity prevention and control guidelines of the six departments are physical activities, and children at this stage must let children have independent outdoor activities, at least 3 hours a day. For children aged 6-17, they have to go to school and attend classes. We must let children insist on attending physical education classes in good schools, and now the overall physical education classes are insufficient, and children and adolescents aged 6-17 years old must have at least 1 hour of medium-to-high-intensity physical activity every day. In addition, for children of all ages, static behaviors should be reduced, such as we sitting, leaning, lying down, watching TV, playing with pads, playing with mobile phones, or lying down and reading books, to reduce these behaviors. From the perspective of children's lifestyles, the three of us have repeatedly emphasized that cultivating good behaviors from an early age and creating a good environment for them is to let them have a good lifestyle. For example, when it comes to physical activity, be sure to develop at least one or more favorite sports that you want to do every day, and stick to it for life. Also, do our children make their own meal plans? What to eat from breakfast, can they do a good meal plan? In addition, in a healthy lifestyle, we need to know what to refuse and what to accept, such as fresh vegetables and fruits, our children as a whole do not eat enough, they should like it, and they should eat more. Finally, among the most important healthy lifestyles associated with overweight and obesity, our children must learn to refuse alcohol and avoid alcoholic beverages. A good lifestyle is not only to prevent overweight and obesity, but most importantly, it is also the foundation for lifelong benefits for children.
Moderator: Zhang Li, China Health Education Center
To curb the epidemic of overweight and obesity, promote the healthy growth of children and adolescents, and prevent and control obesity from the child! Thank you very much for your answers today, and thank you very much for your attention to this online interview.
Source: China Health Education Center Health Promotion and Education Resource Library
Contributed by Zhang Wenliang
Editor: Li Haiying
Production: Zhang Shuai
Review: Shen Fengli
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