Abstract: Since 2023, the domestic economy has recovered rapidly and consumer demand has continued to pick up. In 2023, the total volume of express delivery in mainland China will reach 132.07 billion pieces, a year-on-year increase of 19.4%, and the business revenue of express delivery will reach 1,207.4 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 14.3%.
1. Definitions and Classification
The express delivery industry refers to the carrier's use of special tools, equipment and application software systems through railways, highways, aviation and other modes of transportation to collect, sort, seal, transfer, deliver, information entry, inquiry, market development, and difficult express mail in the domestic, international, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions, and to deliver specific items to the designated place or target customer at a faster speed of logistics activities, which is an important part of logistics. As a modern leading industry that promotes consumption, facilitates life, smooth circulation and service production, the express service industry can be divided into multiple categories according to different classification methods. If classified according to the scope of express arrival, express delivery can be divided into intra-city express, domestic non-local express, international express, etc.
Second, industry policies
1. Competent authorities and regulatory system
The National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China, and the State Post Bureau manage the industrial macro planning of the express service industry. The National Development and Reform Commission is mainly responsible for researching and formulating industrial policies and industrial development plans, promoting the reform of the industrial system, and promoting the development of industrial technology. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China is mainly responsible for researching and proposing industrial development strategies, formulating industrial plans and industrial policies, organizing the implementation, and guiding the formulation of technical regulations and industry standards for industrial industries. The State Post Bureau is responsible for formulating and implementing the access and exit mechanism of the express delivery market, reviewing and licensing the enterprises applying for express delivery business, and ensuring that the enterprises have certain qualifications and conditions.
China Express Association is a national self-regulatory organization in the express service industry, which manages the technical standards and industry promotion of the industry, and is responsible for the industry and market research of the express service industry, putting forward industrial development suggestions to government departments, and promoting foreign exchanges in the industry.
2. Industry-related policies
From "express delivery to the countryside" to "express delivery to the village", in recent years, the state and government departments have continuously improved the rural logistics system through the introduction of a number of favorable policies, effectively stimulated the development potential of the express delivery industry, and promoted the steady implementation and implementation of the rural revitalization strategy. Policies such as the "Opinions on Comprehensively Promoting the Key Work of Rural Revitalization in 2023" and "Measures for the Recovery and Expansion of Consumption" all propose to accelerate the development and reform of the express delivery industry in rural areas at the county level. In December 2023, nine departments including the Ministry of Transport issued the "Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Integrated Development of Rural Passenger, Freight and Mail", focusing on encouraging county-level stations to apply automated sorting, loading, transportation and other equipment to improve the service efficiency of sorting, transportation, delivery, delivery and other links.
3. Industry barriers
1. Barriers to business qualifications
According to the provisions of the "Postal Law" and the "Measures for the Administration of Express Business Licenses", the express delivery business shall be licensed in accordance with the law; To apply for an express business license, it is necessary to meet certain conditions in terms of financial strength, service ability, personnel quality, and business network. At the same time, the "Postal Law" and the "Measures for the Administration of Express Business Licensing" also stipulate that foreign businessmen shall not invest in the domestic express delivery business of letters, and enterprises other than postal enterprises engaged in express delivery business shall not operate the letter delivery business exclusively operated by postal enterprises, and shall not send official documents of state organs.
2. Logistics information management barriers
Logistics information management system is one of the core competitiveness of express service enterprises. The logistics information management system undertakes many functions such as docking customer logistics order data, scheduling and pickup, operation management, intelligent customs clearance, route planning, trajectory tracking, financial analysis, business decision-making and so on. Based on years of experience in the express business, major companies in the industry have accumulated and built a large, complex, accurate and stable logistics big data management platform for a long time through independent research and development. It is difficult for new entrants to have such efficient logistics information management capabilities in the short term.
3. Human resource barriers
In the period of rapid development of the express service industry, high-quality operation and route planning, automatic sorting production line technicians, express information talents and comprehensive management talents have become the focus of internal training and external introduction of major express delivery enterprises, and the internal training of these talents largely depends on the understanding of customer needs and the accumulation of industry management and technical experience. For new entrants, the training of relevant talents is difficult and long, and at the same time, the attraction of new entrants to high-end talents is low. As a result, a professional team becomes one of the obstacles for new entrants to enter the courier service industry and grow thriving.
Fourth, the development process
The mainland economy has entered a stage of high-quality development, and under the joint promotion of various factors such as the continuous improvement of infrastructure and the continuous popularization of Internet technology, the mainland express delivery industry has developed rapidly, from the initial single express delivery business, and gradually developed into a platform integrating express delivery, express transportation, finance and other diversified businesses. At this stage, with the continuous development and popularization of e-commerce, online shopping has become an important part of people's daily life, providing a driving force for the continuous growth of the express delivery industry.
Fifth, the industrial chain
1. Analysis of the industry chain
The upstream of the industrial chain of the express service industry mainly includes facilities and equipment such as transportation equipment, fuel (such as refined oil), and cargo packaging supplies. Among them, the transportation equipment aircraft, vehicles, ships, etc., is the key to the realization of express services, and their performance and quantity directly affect the efficiency and quality of express services. In recent years, with the improvement of environmental awareness, green and recyclable packaging materials are gradually becoming the mainstream. The industrial chain of China's express service industry is shown in the following figure:
The midstream of the express service industry chain mainly includes different modes of transportation such as waterway express, air express, railway express, road express and warehousing services, which together constitute the core part of the express service industry, and is responsible for integrating the materials and equipment provided by the upstream to complete the cargo transportation task efficiently, safely and in a timely manner.
The downstream of the express service industry chain is mainly faced with end users, including individual users, enterprise users and e-commerce users. These users place orders through various channels, and the express delivery company delivers the order after receiving the order.
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