Walking towards the Yellow River, it is already mid-spring. In the upper right corner of the "bend" of Hohhot City, the Tuoketuo County section of Hohhot City has been opened to the whole line, and the sparkling river reflects the villages on the bank: the farmer's manure pile in the field is like a hill, the red pepper is hanging on the beam in front of the farmer's door, the traffic in front of the agricultural material sales store is busy everywhere, and the village road of several quaint courtyards is full of people......
In spring, the people on the edge of the Yellow River are full of steadfastness and vitality.
Towards the river, the city sprouts
The Yellow River flows from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to Inner Mongolia, and flows through 7 league cities of Wuhai, Alxa, Bayannur, Ordos, Baotou, Hohhot, and Ulanqab in the journey of the word "several", with a total length of 843 kilometers, giving birth to the fertile Tumochuan Plain, leaving a different kind of splendor, and inheriting the ancient civilization.
Standing on the ridge of the Haisheng Bulang Site of Haisheng Bulang Village of the Yellow River Wetland Management and Protection Center in Tuoketuo County, I suddenly pulled the time back to that distant period.
With a history of nearly 6,000 years, the Haisheng Bulang site is located next to Haisheng Bulang Village, and is now a key cultural relics protection unit at the autonomous region level.
According to Shi Lei, director of the Tuoketuo County Museum, in 1962, by chance, the Haishengbulang site in Tuoketuo County was discovered in Haishengbulang Village. In 1992 and 2014, archaeologists carried out two official excavations of the site. The site is about 340 meters wide from east to west and 340 meters long from north to south. The site of Haisheng Bulang was found to have the remains of house foundation, ash pit, pottery kiln, etc., of which there are 19 house sites, all of which are semi-(shallow) crypt type, and the artifacts unearthed at the site are rich in types, various types of utensils, and the sequence is clear.
These excavated artifacts reflect the intertwined life of human hunting, fishing and primitive farming 6,000 years ago, who were the earliest pioneers in the history of Tuoketo County.
According to the regional characteristics of the Yellow River Basin, archaeologists refer to the sites unearthed in the central and southern regions of Inner Mongolia as the Haisheng Bulang Culture. It includes the ruins of Ashan and Xiyuan in Baotou area, the ruins of Baini kiln in Qingshuihe County, Hohhot City, the ruins of Miaozigou in Chayouqianqi of Ulanchabu City, and many sites in Daihai area such as Laohushan and Yuanzigou in Liangcheng County.
A large number of tombs, houses, kilns, pottery, stone tools, bone tools, etc. have been unearthed from these sites. There are single burials, multiple burials, and a pair of adult men and women buried with children. These materials show that the society at that time had entered the patrilineal clan society, and it is undoubtedly valuable information for studying the nature of prehistoric families and the laws of development and change of family forms. Among them, in many ruins in the Daihai area, stone walls and double-room cave sites have been found. In the ruins of Laohushan and Miaozigou, it was found that the walls had been plastered with white plaster, and the workmanship was still very exquisite, which showed that the architectural decoration at that time was very common. Stone walls have also appeared in many ruins in the central and southern parts of our district, indicating that there are already sprouts of a city here.
For thousands of years, between the Yinshan Mountains and the Yellow River, farming and nomadic culture, the Yellow River and grassland culture collided and merged, and multiple ethnic groups frequently interacted along the "bend" of the Yellow River.
According to statistics, the "bend" area of the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia has 62 national key cultural relics protection units (accounting for nearly 50% of the total number of national key cultural relics protection units in the region) and 272 autonomous region-level key cultural relics protection units (accounting for 53.2% of the total number of autonomous region-level key cultural relics protection units in the region).
Thousands of sails race to the Fumin Feng
A Yellow River from far and near, flowing from the ancient Zonglie Basin to Hekou Village in Tuoketuo County, the long upstream has finally come to an end. So far, the Yellow River has gone through most of the journey.
An estuary village illuminated by the spring sun is an incomparably clear dividing line, which is the dividing line between the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River as determined by the Yellow River Water Conservancy Commission.
A statue of the mother of the Yellow River lying on the waves gazed at this dividing line for a long time.
The 63-year-old Wang Liancheng, whose ancestral home is here, is the former village party secretary of Hekou Village, which can be called a "living dictionary" of the village's history.
The estuary, called "Lake Beach Heshuo" in Mongolian, is named because the "Dahei River" that originates in the Daqing Mountain Section of the Yinshan Mountains flows into the Yellow River from north to south and meets at the estuary, forming a "cape" shaped like a bird's beak.
In the Liao and Jin dynasties, the estuary has formed a place for the distribution and transshipment of goods, and in the Yuan Dynasty, a large number of materials in the Hetao area were transported to the Central Plains through the Yellow River, which promoted the development of the Yellow River transportation. At the beginning of the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, the water transportation of Fengzhou Beach (in the area of present-day Hohhot) was affected by the fighting, but it was not completely interrupted. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, an official ferry was set up at the mouth of the river. With the expansion of agricultural reclamation in the Tumochuan and Houdatao Plains, the estuary has become an important wharf for the Yellow River to transport grain and oil. During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing court set up a salt management agency here, and the estuary was upgraded from a "village" to a "town", becoming an important salt port outside the Saiwai. At that time, Hekou Town was full of shops and had a permanent population of up to 50,000. In the 12th year of the Republic of China (1923), the Pingsui Railway (Beiping to Suiyuan) was extended to Baotou, and the wharf status of the estuary began to decline.
Under the leadership of Wang Liancheng, the reporter visited a demonstration of the once prosperous water and dry wharf - the iron flagpole of the dragon dragon temple in Longwang Temple.
The peculiarity of the Dragon King Temple in the village is that there are two Panlong iron flagpoles with a height of three feet and six feet, which were cast in the first year of Tongzhi. There is a square bucket above the top of the flag, and there are eighteen big dragons and small dragons cast above the square bucket of a pair of iron flagpoles, which is very majestic.
The flagpole was designed and manufactured by craftsmen from Taigu, Shanxi, and was jointly built by the "bosses" of the local "Shuanghe store" and "Guangquan store". In front of the flagpole, listen to a piece of "Lotus Fall" that has been handed down since the Qing Dynasty, and describe and boast as much as possible: "A pair of rings in front of the Shishi Gate, the mountain is the flagpole, the pig iron flagpole eighteen dragons, south to Hehuang a clarification, north to Yinshan Naturalization City, Shuanghe shop rich man is Yuci people, Shanxi Taiyuan invited craftsmen, the first month of the construction in July, the flagpole on the top of the dragon. "Eighteen dragons" symbolize the eighteen bends of the Yellow River, and "the river is clear", which carries the long-standing expectations of the Yellow River people.
With the passage of time, today's Hekou Village, with a permanent population of 831 people, is no longer comparable to the former Hekou Town.
Looking back at the ancient ferry: although the estuary is small, it is the epitome of the Yellow River, and the ancient town is not large, but it was also famous.
Continuing the context empowers development
At present, every household in Haojiayao Village is preparing to put their grapes on the shelves, the 1,000-mu fish pond near Dongyingzi Village has entered the fish season, and the fertilization and leveling work of the pepper planting base in Tuoketuo County, Pitiaogou Village is about to begin......
This economic development belt along the Yellow River, known as "a bend", follows the footsteps of the mother of the Yellow River and enters a period of accumulation and development in the spring of the year.
According to Liu Xiaoyu, a temporary cadre of the Yellow River Wetland Management and Protection Center, the center consists of 15 administrative villages, a community, and a permanent population of 12,000 people, along the Yellow Line for 37.5 kilometers.
Haojiayao Village has long been famous for its grape cultivation and Yanhuang farmhouse, and has been rated as "China's Beautiful Leisure Village" by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, "National Rural Tourism Key Village" by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, and "One Village, One Product" Demonstration Village by the Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Department of the Autonomous Region.
The grapes produced in Haojiayao Village are thin and sweet, with a unique flavor, and are called "Tuoxian grapes". According to reports, the grape cultivation in Haojiayao Village has a history of more than 200 years, and most of the farmers in the village make a living by planting grapes.
Throughout the year, the life of the villagers in Haojiayao Village is simple and fulfilling: they grow grapes when they are busy farming, receive tourists in their leisure time, and make wine in the winter method.
Liu Xiaoyu said: "In recent years, with the increase of tourists, the village relies on the advantages of the Yellow River tourism and grape industry, continues to develop tourism and set up a special cooperative to guide the villagers to establish grape picking gardens and develop farmhouses, at present, the village grape planting area of 3,000 acres, opened 33 farmhouses. Grape picking alone can bring the per capita income of villagers to 30,000 yuan. ”
Fishery farming near Dongyingzi Village, which is adjacent to Haojiayao Village, started in the 90s of the last century, and the pollution-free Yellow River carp breeding base here is famous. The 64-year-old Gao Fangshu is a former big fish farmer, talking about the head of fish farming: the Yellow River is diverted into the water after the opening of the river, the fish fry are put in early March every year, and the fry are fed on April 15, and the water is injected once in 10-15 days in spring and summer, and the aerator needs to be turned on on cloudy days, and the winter fishing begins on the third day of the lunar month, and the annual net income of a 10 mu standard fish pond is about 40,000 yuan......
In recent years, there have been new species in the fish farming base, and a new aquatic product has been introduced from the south. The success of the cultivation of vannamei shrimp has made the Yellow River water a "happy water" for the villagers to get rich and increase their income.
Speaking of "Tuoxian chili peppers", Pitiaogou Village is a place that cannot be bypassed. Pitiaogou Village is the main production area of peppers in Tuoxian County, with a long history of planting, and the shape of the ripe pepper fruits is like a small red lantern, so it is named "lantern red". The chili peppers grown here are fragrant but not spicy, which is in line with the spicy habits of northerners.
Once upon a time, Tuoxian fish stew, Tuoxian soup cake and Tuoxian ramen with a layer of red pepper oil became a taste that attracted tourists and left nostalgia.
At present, there are more than 70 pepper growers in the village, with a pepper planting area of 150 mu and a pepper purchase price of 15,000 yuan per mu of real estate.
According to Liu Xiaoyu, in the future, "One Walk Bend" will also deepen the Yellow River culture, focus on excavating local products and historical inheritance, and connect the cultural and tourism resources of the Yellow River "One Bend" area into a line and a piece, so as to create a "One Walk Bend" rural cultural tourism belt of the Yellow River in northern Xinjiang, and promote the integration of culture and tourism to help rural revitalization.
"A walk", a new picture of rural revitalization that "can see the mountains, see the water, and remember the nostalgia" is slowly unfolding. (Inner Mongolia News Network reporter Wang Zong, Lan Tian, Xue Teng)
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