Siege of TikTok: The re-enactment of the "Wen Ho Lee affair"

Among the many lawmakers who have countered TikTok, Republican Rep. Mike Gallagher is a very representative one.

As the initiator of the "TikTok Act", as early as 2022, Gallagher published a signed article in the Washington Post[1], saying that "TikTok is a digital fentanyl addiction for children and a major threat to US national security".

As hardcore hawks, SHEIN and Temu have also entered the scope of Gallagher's strategic bombing. But on the topic of China, this comrade is actually a halfway monk.

Gallagher, 40, graduated from Princeton with a major in Spanish before turning to Arabic and geopolitical studies. Under the tutelage of Frederick Hitz, a CIA-turned-mentor, Gallagher completed a 117-page dissertation: "A New Approach to Countering Asymmetric Threats in the Middle East: From Fight to Victory."

After consolidating his theoretical foundations, Gallagher joined the U.S. Marine Corps and was twice sent to Iraq's Anbar province to gain practical experience. After seven years in the army, Gallagher earned two more master's degrees and a doctorate in strategic intelligence and international relations.

After graduating in 2015, Gallagher was preparing to make a big splash in his old job, just in time for the United States to take a big turn in its Middle East strategy and withdraw its troops from Iraq and Syria. Gallagher, who was studying hard in the cold window, suddenly drew his sword and looked around, dazed, and the road ahead was blurred.

That's when a new goal emerged.

Politicians also need to rub hot spots

Politics and job hunting have to be on the right track, and Gallagher almost suffers in this regard.

While in Iraq, Gallagher became acquainted with a media teacher named Matthew Pottinger, who was puzzled by the latter's keen interest in China[13]: "Why did he waste his time learning Mandarin and caring about China?"

However, with his fluent Chinese, Matthew Pottinger rose through the ranks to become the Trump administration's top head of China affairs, and also pointed out the direction for Gallagher, who once aspired to become the "Lawrence of contemporary Arabia."

After getting his doctorate, Gallagher quickly switched tracks, and in the context of the flood of the United States' China issue to inflation, Gallagher, who was born as a layman, relied on deep cultivation of the track and showed his style.

In 2016, Gallagher was elected to the House of Representatives, and since then has been re-elected all the way up, becoming the youngest chairman of the congressional committee in Washington in 2023, and was once recruited by the Republican Party to run for the more powerful state senatorship.

American media personalities who have been following his movements for a long time commented that he [14] "successfully opened up the track in Congress and became a rising figure in the party."

Politicians who don't pick the right track are like stocks that aren't included in the index, the former has no influence and the latter has no trading volume. Gallagher knows how he got to where he is today, so when the TikTok turmoil resumed, he decisively joined the encirclement.

And in this drama, Gallagher is far from alone in participating in and sharing in political interests.

It is an old tradition in American politics for lawmakers to participate in hot topics to create prestige and then monetize it.

In 2021, Facebook poached policy expert John Brancome from the Senate with a "six-figure salary"[15]. He previously served on the Internet Subcommittee, specializing in antitrust for technology companies. After a move through the revolving door, the enemies on both sides of the negotiation room turned around and became a brother in the trench.

In the TikTok turmoil, Jacob Helberg, an official of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, has met with more than 100 lawmakers over the past year to ban TikTok[2], and Deputy Attorney General Lisa Monaco has contributed to the bill as a key technical guide.

Although the two had different ranks, they both had worked in the private sector.

Helberg worked for Google, while Lisa Monaco was a partner at the international law firm O'Melveny & Myers, advising powerful clients such as ExxonMobil and Apple.

Jacob Helberg

When countless politicians need to reserve influence for future monetization, various needs will form a synergy, and TikTok has just become that innocent target. When Zhou Shouzi faced the picture of the media asking "what did we do wrong", he suddenly had an absurd sense of powerlessness.

And when something is very profitable and has a large number of participants, it is very likely that it will be staged more than once.

How to create an imaginary enemy

The TikTok incident has a mirror image of the same: the Wen Ho Lee incident in the 90s.

Wen Ho Lee became a naturalized American citizen in 1974, and four years later joined the Los Alamos Laboratory, established by Oppenheimer, the "father of the atomic bomb", and devoted his life to the construction of the US nuclear weapons arsenal.

At the end of the last century, when the "China threat theory" was rampant, the FBI began to pay close attention to China's military weapons development, believing that China "must have stolen secrets." At this time, Li Wenhe, who is of Chinese descent, studied nuclear physics, and visited the mainland twice, became the perfect suspect.

As the New York Times exposed the investigation and a large number of media followed up with the report, Wen Ho Lee became a household name in the United States overnight, and was quickly fired, imprisoned and put on trial.

However, after more than 40 hearings in the US Congress and 278 days of trial by the judiciary, no evidence of conviction was found. In the end, Lee Wen-ho reached an agreement with the prosecution to admit the lesser of the 59 charges and was released on the spot.

Wen Ho Lee was released and walked out of the courthouse

In this process, the big media, members of Congress, and the judiciary in the United States have taken turns to follow suit, and members of the Senate and House of Representatives, from intelligence and armed forces to banks and even the Housing Committee, have tried to get involved. In his biography, Wen Ho Lee later quipped: Every politician in Washington wanted to show how he helped the government catch a spy.

Although it was a complete unjust, false and wrongful case from the beginning, the forces of all parties reaped extremely rich rewards in the process.

In April 1999, the Pulitzer Prize winners were announced, and the National Reporting award was presented to The New York Times, which named Jeff Gerth, the author of Wen Ho Lee's article.

Energy Secretary Bill Richardson, the parent unit of Los Alamos Labs, made a splash and made the switch to the governor of New Mexico.

The big winner was Republican Rep. Christopher Cox, who used the Wen-Ho Lee case to piece together a 700-page "Cox Report" that made people laugh and cry, such as "3,000 Chinese companies and 100,000 international students are engaged in espionage." Bill Richardson couldn't help but complain after reading the above: "The report reads like a mystery novel[6]".

With the good card of "national security", Cox has become a popular fried chicken in Washington.

In 1999, the United States established the Study Group on Strengthening Multilateral Export Controls, led by Cox. Since then, Cox has continued to work hard as chairman of the Select Committee on Homeland Security and chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Young Cox (right) with U.S. President Ronald Reagan

The cost to each participant is negligible compared to the huge returns:

After his release, Wen Ho Lee received $895,000 in compensation from the US government, "to pay for litigation costs and related taxes," and five media outlets, including The New York Times, The Washington Post, and the Los Angeles Times, paid more than $700,000 in compensation for privacy violations.

Wen Ho Lee and TikTok have a bizarre coupling in different time and space: for example, both are in a special period of Sino-US relations, and both times are close to election years. Similarly, no one cares whether Lee Wen-woo is a spy or not, and whether TikTok threatens national security.

When "China" becomes a national issue, for politicians in Washington, this is an outlet that cannot be missed.

The all-encompassing "scorched-earth" political struggle that is now prevalent in Washington was pioneered and represented by Newt Gingrich, the well-known hawk behind the Cox Report.

In 1994, Niu Jingui led the Republican Party to a great victory in the two houses, when the Cold War ended, the well-equipped US military could only use countries like Somalia and Yugoslavia to practice, and the huge political system needed a new political outlet.

Although Niu Jingui was forced to step down from the House of Representatives in 1998 due to an extramarital affair scandal, with the political prestige accumulated during his tenure, Niu Jingui has served as a government adviser and founded a policy think tank, and continues to shine.

Polls in 2023 show that 53% of Republican voters want him to return to the House of Representatives[18].

In January 2024, Niu Jingui delivered a speech at the Nixon Library: "Now is the most dangerous time for America"

When the grand issue of "China" is superimposed on a live target like "Wen Ho Lee" or "TikTok", it is like pressing a switch, and all the gears of the machine spontaneously snap together. Fake news such as "TT is trending to beat the teacher challenge"[20] was concocted by Targeted Victory, the Republican public-relations firm.

The difference between the two is that Li Wenhe can move after the turmoil and live in a simple place with his family. Later, a book was published entitled "Computational Method for Nuclear Reactor System" [7].

But TikTok, a behemoth, has clearly had no way back after the legislature entered the market strongly.

Collective action without mobilization

There is nothing new under the sun, and all history is contemporary.

In the United States, similar imaginary enemy narratives, using a similar set of reaction patterns, have occurred countless times in different periods and different subjects. The various people involved in this period can be roughly divided into three categories:

1. Media briefing, through all kinds of true and false data evidence and articles to render a sense of crisis.

At the height of the trade war between Japan and the United States in 1985, when the Japanese semiconductor industry had a major impact on the American market, a Japanese named Kumagai provided the U.S. government with a secret document identifying Toshiba as exporting high-tech products such as large milling machines to the Soviet Union. The U.S. media immediately followed up and hyped up anti-Japanese sentiment.

2. Members of parliament follow up and exert influence in Congress, and the proposal calls for pressure from all sides.

After the Toshiba incident, members of Congress began to show their faces frequently, and even smashed the Toshiba radio on the spot at the entrance of the White House. In the 80s, until the height of the trade friction between Japan and the United States, the number of hearings in the House of Representatives involving Japan reached 231, 110 more than in 1976-1980.

3. The judicial legislature is to step down and implement the detailed rules for sanctions and bans.

The Toshiba affair ended with a ban on the export of all Toshiba Group goods to the United States for two to five years. Japan was forced to sign the Japan-US Semiconductor Safeguard Agreement (Japan-US Semiconductor Safeguard Agreement) on $300 million of semiconductor products exported to the United States with a 100% punitive tariff, unilaterally opening up intellectual property rights and patents in the semiconductor industry to the United States.

And TikTok has received an unprecedentedly high standard of treatment. On March 13, the U.S. House of Representatives ruled the H.R. Suite of Representatives on the Protection of Americans from Foreign Adversary Control Applications Act (H.R. 7521) voted to pass the bill by a margin of 352 to 65.

If Biden signs the bill and TikTok cannot be completely stripped, then it will become the first Internet product in American history to be officially banned by law.

Smash Toshiba in front of the White House

Every part of the machine will act spontaneously, because the consequences of losing an "imaginary enemy" are extremely serious. The Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) can be said to know this very well.

During the Cold War, BIS served as a bridgehead for export controls to the Soviet Union, processing up to 100,000 export licenses per year.

However, with the collapse of the Soviet Union, the number of BIS licenses was reduced to 10,000 per year, making it one of the federated departments with the smallest budget. In 2022, BIS received a budget of just over $140 million, about one-eighth of the cost of a Patriot anti-aircraft missile battery [8].

In October 2022, BIS released a 139-page document aimed at Chinese companies, which immediately became a global spotlight, and chips became the core work indicators of BIS.

They're finally busy again, scrolling through a list of more than 660 trading entities — certainly for the sake of national security, of course, and has nothing to do with the budget.

The goal of the head of the department, Matt Borman, is very clear: "We spend 100% of our time on sanctions against Russia, another 100% on China, and 100% on other things. ”

When the "imaginary enemy" is so marketable, it is impossible for it to disappear.

End

The competition of an industry can be limited to the corporate and commercial level, but when countless industries begin to catch up, they will naturally enter the ambiguous field of market and system failure.

The story of the siege of the "imaginary enemy" is not the first and will not be the last. Of course, no matter how ever-changing, smart people can find the right chips in every change in the scales.

On the one hand, Biden is preparing to sign a ban bill, and on the other hand, his re-election campaign team rushed to register a TikTok account in February in an attempt to increase appeal to young voters.

Next door, Trump held high the banner of "anti-TikTok" in the last election year, signing an executive order demanding that TikTok be sold to American companies. But in this election year, he, who had never registered a TikTok account, instead turned around and transferred the title of "enemy of the people" to Facebook next door:

"If you get rid of TikTok, then Facebook and Zuckerberg's business will double. ”

Trump doesn't like TikTok very much, he just wants to wait until his term and find a way to save the fat for his old friend: Larry Ellison, the founder of Oracle.

To use a sentence from "No Country for Old Men": Yes, there is really no reason in this world.

Resources

[1] Who is Mike Gallagher, "Chairman of the U.S.-China Ad Hoc Committee on Strategic Competition", Center for Strategic and Security Studies, Tsinghua University

[2] How TikTok Was Blindsided by U.S. Bill That Could Ban It，WSJ

[3] The Sinking Years, by George Parker

[4] Congress Should Think Bigger Than TikTok Ban, Tech Critics Say，Bloomberg

[5] Breach At Los Alamos: A special report，纽约时报，1999

[6] Cox Report: Content and Impact, Zhu Feng, 1999

[7] Unforgettable Suffering in Unjust Imprisonment, Li Wenhe Talks about Life After Getting Rid of the Stigma of "Spy", China News Network

[8] "It's an Act of War": Decoding the U.S. Chip Blockade Against China, The New York Times

[9] The Politics of Enemies，Michael Ignatieff

[10] TikTok's Success and Fate: A Product of the Times Sandwiched Between China and the United States, The New York Times

[11] Nuclear Bomb Spy: How Did the United States Concoct an Imaginary Enemy?

[12] Republicans’ best hope for Wisconsin Senate is a Trump critic，POLITICO

[13] Mike Gallagher: A New Cold Warrior，RCP

[14] An inside look at the Life of Congressman Mike Gallagher，NORTHEASTWISCONSIN

[15] Facebook lures top Democrat to its D.C. lobbying ranks，POLITICO

[16] Hidden Pathways: Chinese Tech Companies Lobby Washington, LatePost

[17] Forget Wall Street – Silicon Valley is the new political power in Washington，the Guardian

[18] Majority of GOP Voters Want Newt Gingrich Back as Speaker，InsiderAdvantage Poll

[19] The Past and Present of the Great Schism in the United States (3): From the Reagan Revolution to Gingrich's "Havoc on Capitol Hill", Wang Haolan

[20] Facebook paid GOP firm to malign TikTok，Washington Post

Editor: Li Motian

Visual Design: Shu Rui

Editor in charge: Li Motian

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#191919;--weui-BG-3: #202020;--weui-BG-4: #404040;--weui-BG-5: #2c2c2c;--weui-FG-0: rgba(255, 255, 255, .85);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(255, 255, 255, .65);--weui-FG-1: rgba(255, 255, 255, .55);--weui-FG-2: rgba(255, 255, 255, .35);--weui-FG-3: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(255, 255, 255, .15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(255, 255, 255, .. 1);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #c87d2f;--weui-YELLOW: #cc9c00;--weui-GREEN: #74a800;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #3eb575;--weui-FIRE: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1) 6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root,body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body{--appmsgExtra-BG: #F7F7F7}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root[data-weui-theme=dark],body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body[data-weui-theme=dark]{--weui-BG-0: #111;--weui-BG-1: #1e1e1e;--weui-BG-2: #191919;--weui-BG-3: #202020;--weui-BG-4: #404040;--weui-BG-5: #2c2c2c;--weui-FG-0: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(255, 255, 255, .6);--weui-FG-1: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-FG-2: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5) 3);--weui-FG-3: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(255, 255, 255, .15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #c87d2f;--weui-YELLOW: #cc9c00;--weui-GREEN: #74a800;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #3eb575;--weui-BRAND: 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and (prefers-color-scheme: dark){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root[data-weui-mode=care]:not([data-weui-theme=light]),,body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body[data-weui-mode=care]:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BG-0: #111;--weui-BG-1: #1e1e1e;--weui-BG-2: #191919;--weui-BG-3: #202020;--weui-BG-4: #404040;--weui-BG-5: #2c2c2c;--weui-FG-0: rgba(255, 255, 255, .85);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(255, 255, 255, .65);--weui-FG-1: rgba(255, 255, 255, .55);--weui-FG-2: rgba(255, 255, 255, .35);--weui-FG-3: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(255, 255, 255, .. 15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #c87d2f;--weui-YELLOW: #cc9c00;--weui-GREEN: #74a800;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #3eb575;--weui-FIRE: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;-- weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, 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