<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="1" > scabs</h1>
It mainly harms stems, leaves and fruits. In the early stage of the diseased leaf, water-soaked small spots appear on the back of the leaf, gradually expanding into nearly round or connected into irregular yellow-brown spots, rough and uneven, with a faded green halo around the spots, and dry and brittle in the later stage. The stem first appears water-soaked faded green spots, and then expands up and down to be oblong-shaped, slightly concave in the center of the black-brown spots; the surface of the fruit appears water-soaked faded green spots, gradually expanding, initially oil-soaked bright light, and then yellow-brown or black-brown wood plugs, diameter 0.2-0.5 cm size nearly round rough dead spots, some are connected to each other into irregular shaped large patches, when the fruit handle and the fruit connection are damaged, it is easy to fall fruit.
The pathogen overwinters with the disease residue in the field or on attached seeds, and in the second year it spreads to the leaves, stems or fruits through wind and rain, insects, and invades the wound or stomata. High temperature, high humidity, rainy days are severe, extensive management, heavy insect pests or storms cause many wounds, easy to develop disease.
Second, soft rot
It is harmful to the stem and also to the fruit. The stem mostly starts from the wound of the whole branch, then extends inward, and finally the marrow rots, has a foul odor, and after losing water, the diseased stem is hollow. The vascular bundle of the diseased stem is intact and uninfected. The peel of the fruit is intact, the inside of the fruit is festering, the juice spills out, and there is a foul odor.
The host of pathogens is very wide, in addition to harming solanaceous vegetables, it is also harmful to some vegetables such as cruciferous vegetables. Pathogens mainly overwinter in the soil with the disease residue, and during the growth of vegetable plants, they spread with insects, rainwater, irrigation water, etc., and invade from the wound. For the damage to the stem, it mostly invades from the wound of the whole branch; for the fruit, it mainly invades from the borer hole of the pest (such as the smoke green insect larvae). After the bacteria invade, pectinase is secreted, which dissolves the mesocolloid layer between the host cells and separates the cells, causing soft rot.
3. Bacterial ulcer disease
The onset of diseased fruit seedlings of tomato canker disease begins at the leaf margin, gradually wilts from the lower part upwards, and some produce ulcer-like depression stripes at the hypocotyl or petiole, dwarfing or dying the diseased plant. Adult plant disease, lower leaves withered and drooping, leaves curled, as if water-scarce, sometimes one side or part of the plant leaf wilting; in the later stage of the diseased stem appeared narrow brown stripe spots, up and down, sinking or cracking, the diseased stem thickened, often produced a large number of air roots, the stem hollow or brown, odor dispersed, severe plant withering. When it is rainy or humid, hyphae spill out of the diseased stem or petiole or attach to it. White dirt is formed. After the young fruit is affected, it shrinks, deforms, and develops slowly, and the lesions on the green fruit are round, the outer part is white, the center is rough and black, the sepal surface is necrotic, and the slightly raised "bird's eye spots" can be seen on the fruit surface.
Tomato canker disease is caused by infection by Corynebacterium (a genus of bacteria). The most suitable growth temperature of the pathogen is 25-29 °C, the growth temperature range is 1-33 °C, and the high temperature, high humidity, continuous cropping and poor drainage are conducive to the epidemic of the disease.
4. Bacterial medullary necrosis
Bacterial medullary necrosis at the beginning of the onset of young leaves fade green, severe plant upper part of the plant fading and wilting, accompanied by lower stem necrosis, the surface of the diseased stem is born brown to black brown spots, the outside hardens, longitudinal section of the stem can see the medulla become black or necrotic, vascular bundle browning, these lesions mostly occur in the outside of the plant where there is no lesion, and the place where the lesions in the marrow grow many adventitious roots. When the lower stem is infected, it often causes the death of the whole plant. When humidity is high, the fungal pus overflows from the stem wound and the adventitious root.
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The difference with ulcers is that there are no obvious lesions on the outside of myelin blight. The upper part of the plant is faded green and wilted, the surface of the diseased stem is black-green in severe cases, the pulp of the longitudinal stem becomes black-green necrosis, and the fungal pus overflow from the stem wound and adventitious roots when the humidity is high, unlike canker disease. There is no putrefaction odor at the necrosis of the marrow of the diseased stem.
Tomato bacterial necrosis is caused by the infection of Pseudomonas wrinkles (genus bacteria), the pathogen initially exists on tomatoes and alfalfa, mostly in the first ear of fruit expansion and greening of the green fruit stage, planting is too dense, insufficient light, nitrogen fertilizer application is more, indoor humidity is high incidence of serious disease.
5. Bacterial blight
The symptoms of harm at the seedling stage of the plants affected by Blight are not obvious, and after the plant blossoms, the diseased plants begin to show harmful symptoms. The leaves are pale in colour and wilted. Leaf wilting begins with the upper leaf, followed by the lower leaf, and finally the middle leaf. The initial leaf wilts at noon, returns to normal in the evening and morning, repeated many times, the wilt intensifies, and finally dies, but the plant is still blue. The middle and lower cortex of the diseased stem is rough, often growing adventitious roots and adventitious buds, and the vascular bundle of the diseased stem becomes black and brown, but the roots of the diseased plant are normal. After cutting the diseased stem horizontally, soak in clean water or squeeze the incision by hand, there is milky white mucus spilling (bacteria pus).
Tomato blight is caused by infection by Pseudomonas monosporum (a genus of bacteria). The bacteria overwinter in the soil with the disease residue and spread by rainwater and irrigation water. The most appropriate temperature for the onset of the disease is 25-37 ° C, below 10 ° C, above 41 ° C to stop developing. When the soil moisture content is greater than 25%, it is conducive to the invasion of pathogens, and the harm is serious at high temperature and high humidity; in addition, continuous cropping, low-lying land, poor drainage, soil calcium deficiency and phosphorus deficiency are conducive to the epidemic of the disease.
6. Bacterial macules disease
It can harm leaves, stems, flowers, petioles and fruits, especially leaf margins and immature fruits. The leaves are infected, producing dark brown to black spots, often surrounded by a yellow halo; petioles and stems are infected, resulting in black spots; young green fruits are infected, showing slightly raised small spots, and when the fruit is nearly ripe, the tissue around the spots remains green for a long time. Bacterial diseases. The bacteria overwinter in seeds, disease residues and soils and are spread through rain splashes or agricultural operations such as whole branches, beating and harvesting. Wet, cold and cool conditions and low temperatures, rainy and sprinkler irrigation are susceptible to disease.
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Integrated management methods:
1. Cultivate strong seedlings In the cultivation of tomato protection areas, it is necessary to provide the most suitable environmental conditions for tomato plants, so that tomato plants grow robustly and enhance the resistance of the plants themselves. First of all, it should start from the seedlings, and the seedbed should be disinfected for root diseases; the use of rooting seedling nutrition Jiamei dividend to cultivate strong seedlings, the plant is robust, reduce the chance of bacterial invasion, and reduce the probability of disease.
2. Bacteria have the ability to penetrate the epidermal tissue of the plant, invade from the wound of the plant, and then multiply as a pest. Therefore, reducing wounds is the main measure to prevent bacterial diseases. First, in the seedling process, the use of nutrient block seedlings or nutrition cup seedling method, in the colonization as far as possible to avoid wounds caused by roots. The second is to pay attention to the prevention and control of insect pests. Greenhouse tomatoes are infested with American spotted fly, aphids and whitefly as early as possible to avoid wounds on the leaves.
3. Do a good job in soil treatment before colonization to reduce the number of bacterial diseases in the soil. Because bacterial diseases have a certain potential, it is necessary to use brominemethane, lime nitrogen, etc. for soil disinfection, high temperature and stuffiness and then transplantation and colonization.
4, timely irrigation after colonization, for bacterial diseases, early prevention is the most effective method, you can use 600 times liquid mixture of copper complex ammonia after slow seedlings plus 68% fine nail cream Ling Daisen manganese zinc water dispersible granules 600 times liquid + Jiamei dividend 1000 times liquid irrigation roots, 5-7 days once, continuous root irrigation 2-3 times.
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5, strengthen the management of one is scientific fertilization, improve plant immunity, it is best to use sprinkler drip irrigation system, per acre drip irrigation or flush Jiamei dividend 1 bag + Jiamei Hailibao 2-3 kg or Jiamei dividend 1 bag + Jiamei brain platinum 1 bag; the second is to see the seedling watering, depending on the growth of tomatoes to determine whether watering is needed, the plant morning leaf tip has water droplets indicates that the soil moisture is sufficient, on the contrary, at noon the upper part of the plant wilts, it means that watering is needed. In the watering water, it is not possible to flood irrigation, and drip irrigation or sub-membrane irrigation methods can be used, which not only ensures the moisture demand of tomatoes, but also reduces the humidity in the field. The third is to spray the plant leaf protector 1000 times the liquid Jiamei point to change the pH of the leaves and reduce the occurrence of viral diseases. The fourth is to maintain the appropriate temperature, according to the weather conditions, timely adjust the size and opening hours of the air outlet, so that the greenhouse temperature is maintained at 25-30 ° C during the day and around 15 ° C at night. Fifth, accurate diagnosis, to accurately distinguish between bacterial diseases caused by wilting and water deficiency symptoms, do not mistake bacterial diseases for water deficiency symptoms, each time watering is best not to flood irrigation, easy to spread diseases, aggravate the occurrence of diseases.
6, the whole branch should be selected as much as possible to choose a sunny day, in order to facilitate its rapid air drying, do not leave a chance for bacteria, plant adjustment after timely spray Baitai + chunleimycin + Crays + Jiamei point 1000 times liquid for prevention and treatment, pay attention to the spraying focus on the back of the leaf and the wound.
7. Prepare for the rainy season. Because the rainwater contains a large number of harmful bacteria, once it is poured into the shed, it is easy to cause the spread of bacterial diseases. Therefore, before the rainy season, you should check whether the film has water leakage, and close the air outlet in time, ventilate and disperse after the rain, reduce the humidity in the shed, and spray 20% of the copper suspension agent of ticaea 500 times or 77% can kill 500 times or 500 times leaf subazole, spray pre-treatment.
Once the diseased plants with bacterial diseases in the greenhouse are found, they should be sprayed in time for control. In general, bacterial medullary necrosis can be injected at the site of the disease, and bacterial ulcer disease can be prevented by spraying and injection after the onset of the disease. Injection can be 20% copper complex ammonia 600 times liquid mixed with 68% fine nail cream ling daisen manganese zinc water dispersible granules 500 times liquid plus Jiamei 1000 times liquid, spraying can be 50% succinate fertilizer (DT) wettable powder 400-500 times liquid or 14% complex ammonia copper water agent 300 times liquid. Bacterial blight generally occurs in the roots, and can be treated with copper of thiamethia + mesobiosis + aimiao + Jiamei dividend 1000 times liquid leaching root irrigation. Scientific prevention and control adhere to the "prevention first, comprehensive control" plant protection policy, after the discovery of a small number of diseased plants in the shed, immediately pulled out of the shed outside the deep burial treatment, and spray prevention of other plants.
bibliography:
Tianbao Agricultural Technology Service Platform "Pest Inquiry" column
"The difference between tomato blight and green blight and prevention measures", Weinan Government Network
"Several Easy To Mix Diseases of Tomatoes" Zhang Zhimin
The picture comes from the crop technology group and references of The Trimble Specialty Agricultural Products Exchange Platform