In recent years, there seems to be a collective emotion, like a child's rebellious temper tantrums. When our "national soul" Lu Xun was finally dragged off the altar, criticism of his spinelessness and the like became increasingly noisy.
Yes, at present, the self-media, about "Lu Xun never scolded Japan, did not dare to scold Chiang Kai-shek" and other accusations, has long been an endless "menstrual post", constantly branching, resulting in Huang Ai's "machine" (mobile phone). These friends believe that Lu Xun is known as the "chief swear expert of the Republic of China," that even the anthologies are "cursing the humanities," and that he was once praised as a town of conscience in the intellectual circles, and that he lived for a long time during chiang kai-shek's period of gaining power. Isn't this greed for life and fear of death?
Too many people were overjoyed, thinking that they had finally caught Lu Xun's cowardly and death-fearing weaknesses, and laughed wantonly. Even, as early as more than 10 years ago, there were a large number of posts to confirm that Lu Xun was a "traitor". "Raising Hu Heilu" has become a new trend.
Lu Xun or Hu Shi, become one of the two?.Figure \ Hu Shi in the film and television drama
Regarding Lu Xun, of course, I and others are not free to criticize. Lu Xun is a man, not a god, not a correct sentence in everything, which does not need nonsense.
Lu Xun's "enemies" seem to be endless. As long as the guardians, watchdogs, and slave worms continue to be born, the anti-Lu people will also be seen one after another. These filial sons and grandsons, emboldening each other, pickpocketed Lu Xun and danced with witty words. However, there are at least two problems with this view that "Lu Xun is afraid of death and does not dare to scold Jiang":
First, the implicit intention is to deliberately degrade Lu Xun, which is not objective enough, which can be called smear; second, and the most critical point, his so-called "truth" is basically the words of laymen who catch the wind and catch the shadows and simply understand it. Lu Xun should be "invited to the altar", but it is not rude to slander him. He stubbornly struggled all his life, only because he did not take the initiative to stretch out his neck and was cut into a senseless sacrifice, he had to bear the charge of "soft bones", was Lu Xun hateful or the melon crowd sad? Lu Xun's whipped corpse just proves the existence of the inferiority of the people.
Lu Xun scolding Chiang Kai-shek should not have become a problem. Yes, in the second half of his life, Lu Xun really did not use the real name of "Lu Xun" or "Zhou Shuren" to insult Chiang Kai-shek with great fanfare and name -- such an article, the entire 1930s "Kuomintang Area" was afraid that he could not publish it, otherwise why did he bother to use 181 pen names to cover up, and dozens of anthologies were banned? But this does not mean that he does not dare, nor does it mean that he has not skillfully scolded and fought strongly. He just didn't specifically target Chiang Kai-shek and write articles under his real name. Casually flipping through Lu Xun's collected writings, he never gave a slight tone to the throwing daggers of Chiang Kai-shek and his regime, and some of them were already directly named:
For example, in September 24, 1927, "And The Collection, Small Miscellaneous Feelings", in September 14, 1927, "The Abominable Crime", on January 28, 1928, "The Collection of The Intention to Prophesy", on December 11, 1931, "The Two Hearts Set: Knowing the Difficulty of Doing", the "Pseudo-Freedom Book: The Battle of 19333" on January 24, 1933, "The Southern Cavity and the North Collection, On the "Going to The Difficulty" and "Fleeing"" in the January 28, 1933, the "Pseudo-Freedom Book, Articles and Topics" on May 5, 1933, "Pseudo-Freedom Book: From Sheng Xuanhuai to Justified Oppression" in May 6, 1933, "Pseudo-Freedom Book" on May 18, 1933 Rebuttal of the Nameless", 1934's "Collection of Collected Works and Supplements and Autobiographies", 1936's "And Jieting Miscellaneous Essays II Collections and Afterwords", and "The Theory of "Surprise to Friends"" and so on. His protests lasted for more than 10 years without changing the tone, and he was not afraid until his death. The writers of the entire Republic of China, the writers who scolded Jiang the most and fiercely, actually counted Lu Xun. I don't understand that today's "trolls" never read books like me?
The contemporary mainland's criticism of Lu Xun began with the overseas scholar Lin Yusheng, accused of "anti-tradition"
More importantly: if you use your real name and specifically target Chiang Kai-shek, is it necessary for Xu Chu, who is brave and brave to fight shirtless, to block the arrow, or even send him to death in vain? The lesson of the facts is bloody: he had several friends who had died on the streets for directly scolding Jiang; Guo Moruo also scolded once and immediately ran to Japan to hide for 10 years. Lu Xun said sarcastically, "Professor Liu Wendian, former president of The University of Ontario, "only because he was imprisoned for many days because he was not called 'chairman', it was so easy to hand over bail out", he only dared to "honorific title" - those who are now talking about how free public opinion in the Republic of China seems to have long forgotten what the four words of "white terror" mean.
Lu Xun was just a literati, and he was not a reckless or stupid man who charged into battle as soon as he shouted a slogan. He has his own considerations and strategies, will not and cannot go to die in vain, and eventually he will go through his life on the charge of "wanted criminal". Neither insult nor intimidation is a battle, and the standard of a fighter is not only to send to death.
Moreover, when it comes to the relationship between Chiang Kai-shek and Lu Xun, we also need to face up to the fact that they have known each other for a long time, and for a long time they were not only hostile, but also the relations between comrades and their fellow villagers.
Lu Xun never scolded for the sake of scolding, and Jiang did not "degenerate" into a reactionary warlord at the beginning. The entanglement of their grievances is actually quite complicated: Lu Xun and Chiang Kai-shek, both from Zhejiang, only 6 years apart, both students studying in Japan, and both joined the Guangfuhui in 1908. There is no material to indicate whether they knew at this point. All we know is that the two were in Tokyo at the same time and had joined the Kokyo Death Squad.
What we also know is that in the late 1920s, when Chiang Kai-shek was gradually rising to the top of the revolutionary party, Lu Xun once admired him and gave him high hopes. In the autumn of 1926, in a letter to his lover Xu Guangping, he supported the Kuomintang and the Northern Expeditionary Army, and also mentioned Chiang Kai-shek, who was then the commander-in-chief, in a praiseworthy tone. Lu Xun, a revolutionary and nationalist, wanted china to be reunified, and at this time his ideas were not much at odds with Chiang Kai-shek.'s
This may also be the more complicated aspect of history, not only the relationship between Jiang and Lu. For example, when Lu Xun was on an errand at the Ministry of Education, he had a good impression of Yuan Shikai and met with his superior twice; for example, Kong Xiangxi, his brother-in-law with Chiang Kai-shek and one of the "Four Great Families", had a personal relationship and was invited to sit in the Kong family -- and this is also one of the reasons why Lu Xun did not die because of his words, because behind him were many party-state bigwigs silently covering.
Kong Xiangxi
And Chiang Kai-shek has even more respect for Lu Xun. He had put Lu Xun on the "blacklist", but his intentions seemed to be mostly intimidation, and he did not really want to solve him. There are probably three secrets in this: 1, Jiang really loves talent, relatively speaking, there are fewer people who are embarrassed; 2, Lu Xun's reputation is too big, the movement is at home and abroad, and Jiang Hao's good name is jealous; 3, and the most important point is that Jiang is particularly fond of hometown friendship.
In the past, Song Xilian famously summed it up, saying that Jiang Xilian attached great importance to the "three edges" of people, that is, geography (Zhejiang people), academic edges (Huangpu teachers and students), and karma (relatives, etc.), and most of his fellow villagers would open up to one side. Later, for Lu Xun, he famously sighed in the world, "I am a Zhejiang person, I know the temper of Zhejiang people, Lu Xun eats soft and does not eat hard." Send him to Japan to recuperate, and he won't curse people," already makes it clear.
Extrapolating from the existing literature, Jiang heard of Lu Xun's name earlier, and even frequently admired him, and intended to win him over. For example, in 1927, Lu Xun ran from Xiamen University to Guangzhou Zhongda because Zhu Jiahua sincerely invited him to leave, and Zhu was a close confidant of Chiang Kai-shek; at that time, the Kuomintang newspaper in Guangzhou issued articles one after another expressing a warm welcome to Lu Xun, which was unlikely to be his own opinion; when Lu Xun received the Kuomintang government's salary for a long time, "took the bowl to eat, put down the bowl and scolded the mother", Chiang Kai-shek also turned a blind eye. Masuda's memoirs are more direct: Jiang, then the "chief executive," wanted to meet with Lu Xun, but was refused.
Baiyun Building, Baiyun Road, Guangzhou, where Lu Xun lived when he was teaching CUHK
There is still a research opinion "declassified" that on October 19, 1936, three days after Lu Xun's death, Wu Tiecheng, the mayor of Shanghai, personally came to pay tribute to the 6 words "Mr. Lu Xun eternity" on the wreath, which was actually sent by Jiang Commission. Xu Guangping also said that after Lu Xun's death, Chiang Kai-shek's Inspirational Society wanted to donate money to Lu Xun and specially ordered to help Lu Xun's family.
Moreover, at that time, Lu Xun actually did not have much need to directly scold Chiang Kai-shek. This is not Lu Xun's instigation, but rather wisdom.
On January 1, 1969, Chiang Kai-shek and his wife looked tired
Is Lu Xun weak? In his lifetime, he criticized too many people in power without any fear. For example, Dai Kasa and his military commander, who were in charge of the "Jinyi Guard of the Republic of China", were the masters that even the Japanese feared, but Lu Xun was correct in scolding. Because of these indignant scoldings, he lost his great future, lost his stable job, and was wanted until his death. Among the literati of the Republic of China, if Lu Xun is a coward, all his peers are not worthy to talk about.
Lu Xun did not scold Jiang directly, on the one hand, of course, he considered avoiding his sharp edge and living before he could fight; and another reason was also because he died early. Throughout the 1930s, domestic intellectuals still harbored illusions about Chiang, and most of them still sided with the Nationalist government. In 1936, when Lu Xun died of illness, when the Xi'an Incident occurred, didn't Wen Yiduo Zhu Ziqing also send a text to support Jiang Shi? Rebuking Lu Xun cannot be divorced from context.
Wen Yiduo, Zhu Ziqing's descendants
The relationship between Jiang and Lu deteriorated and became increasingly antagonistic, and it was already in the 1930s. At that time, Lu Xun's position was becoming more and more left-wing, while Jiang was in power and began to eliminate dissidents, and the two were bound to clash. The available evidence is that, at least in February 1930, when Lu Xun was under fire in Shanghai, the Zhejiang Party Department explicitly wanted him, included him in the "list of 65 people", or a secret order signed by Chen Lifu, a key member of the Kuomintang. Lu Xun stayed in his friend Uchiyama for 31 days. On November 28, 1934, in a letter to Liu Weiming, he explicitly stated that he was being followed by secret agents.
Jiang Youbai: "My grandfather was also a mortal"
On the evening of October 13, 1934, Lu Xun's friend and owner of the "Declaration" Shi Liangcai was assassinated on his way home. Lu Xun was also ready to face the victims. According to Xu Guangping's recollection, at that time, Lu Xun always let her walk separately to prevent accidents, and made arrangements behind her. Lu Xun had never feared or begged for forgiveness in his reaction to the dark forces. He is a tough guy from the "land of revenge and shame", and Mr. Mao's statement that he has "the hardest bones" is not a lie.
Ancient City shaoxing. Source\National Geographic
However, it is interesting to note that from the existing materials, the Chiang government has no intention of really taking Lu Xun's life, most of which is just intimidation. The reason is very simple: If it is really a real move, Tang Shaoyi, Zhang Zongchang and other powers will not be able to escape the clutches of the devil, let alone a mere literati?
It can be said that scolding people and how to scold people can not only be scolded happily, but also not "against the dragon scales" to provoke the disaster of killing, and the right to understand the "sense of proportion" is never on Lu Xun's side, but on the side of Jiang and the Kuomintang.
Chiang Kai-shek in his later years
Why didn't Lu Xun directly "frame" Chiang Kai-shek, his hidden thoughts, and his third brother Zhou Jianren revealed in the book "Remembering Big Brother Lu Xun". He said that Lu Xun had personally informed him that Li Lisan, a representative of the Liberated Areas, had personally come to visit and asked him to use his influence to scold Chiang Kai-shek with his real name. But Lu Xun refused. The reason is that although the "plea for Jiang's text" can be released in minutes, Shanghai cannot stay in this way, and the light is to go abroad for refuge, and the heavy will lose his head for no reason, which is really a senseless sacrifice.
Lu Xun's son Zhou Haiying
According to Lu Xun's caution or "sophistication", he had already thought about this matter thoroughly. In the 2005 edition of the Complete Works of Lu Xun, Volume 1, Part 1 of the Humanities Society's "Tomb Inscription", he envisioned such a scene: "Gentleman's disciple: Why don't you scold the warlord who kills people and does not blink? Si Yi cowardice has also been! But I don't want to be fooled by these booby-traps"! "If you suffer a pen curse, do you think he will honor you as a martyr?" No, there was another cool word at the time. If you don't believe me, see what they say about the young man who died in the 318 massacre"! Someone encouraged him to throw himself into the net, and he did not fall into this trap.
Famous media personality Cao Jingxing
He was convinced that against the warlords, the pen was useless, and the gun was still needed. He is not Tan Sitong, he is a believer in protracted war. This is related to his concept of struggle. Knowing a little about Lu Xun, you can know that he has always opposed the kind of senseless sacrifice of "losing all the old money" for a while. The fighting method he advocated was "trench warfare", which means continuous "tough fighting" under the premise of preserving oneself. This is his strategy of struggle, but also the wisdom of survival. He was a literati, but he was never a silly white sweet student. This is a master of strategy who is proficient in the art of detour and knows the art of avoidance. Learn from Lu Xun, learn from his articles, learn from his style and bones, learn from his bravery, and even more learn from his wisdom.
In his later years, Cao Juren
20 years after Lu Xun's death, Cao Juren, a disciple of his private lady and the father of the famous host Cao Jingxing, wrote a book called "Lu Xun's Commentary" in response to these doubts, saying, "He fought in a tank, and he first had to save himself, and then fought with fierce firepower." It climbed extremely slowly, but the pressure was very heavy--after all, he came out of master Shaoxing's world, and every chess move he played had his own strategy", this is the one who truly knows Lu Xun. As a famous newspaperman, he personally burned Lu Xun and was very unhappy to see all kinds of smear theories.
Therefore, I often say that if Lu Xun is guilty, then his only crime is that he did not take the initiative to send him to death, nor did he save all the foolish minds. But I also always believe that wherever justice sinks, Lu Xun will highlight his significance, despite the cruel spiritual price, such as the ungratefulness of contemporary Chinese people.
"Heroes have many misfortunes, and tears are spilled from the tombs of the crows"
Blood fertile grass in the middle of the plains, I recommend Xuanyuan with my blood. In front of his tomb, there should always be flowers, which is both a thank you and an apology.