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The earliest record of the ancient Bolgars is in a Latin chronicle written in 354, which mentions a descendant of Shem called "Zieziexquo Vulgares", who is said to be the ancestor of the ancient Bolgars.
The Armenian author Moses' History of Armenia, written in the 80s of the 5th century, also contains early accounts of the ancient Bulgars.
Moses records a tribal dispute in the northern Caucasus, which resulted in many ancient Bulgar tribes breaking loose tribal alliances and migrating to fertile areas in the south.
Other accounts of the ancient Bolgars are in anonymous Armenian geographical works of the century, in which Armenian geographers claim that the main tribes of the ancient Bolgars are called the Kuphi-Bolgars, the Duchi-Bolgars, the Oghkhundur-Bolgars, and the Kidar-Bolgars, with the last tribal name being the Kidarites.
After settling in present-day Europe and Russia, the Bulgars were known as a distinct group in Europe.
The Bulgars quickly gained strength from the horde and began to dominate the northern part of the Black Sea region.
They soon became a resource and consideration for the Byzantine Empire.
Here they played an important role in the political affairs of the region.
In 480 AD, the Byzantine emperor Zenon asked the Bulgars for help against the Ostrogoths.
In 481 AD, the Byzantines recruited them as mercenaries to fight Theodoric I and his Ostrogoths.
Thus, thirty years after Attila's death in 482 AD, the Bulgars became allies of Constantinople, fighting against the Ostrogoths.
By this time, some Bulgar tribes had settled in the northern region of the lower Danube, on the territory of present-day Romania.
The Bulgar tribes were united under the rule of Kublat of the Dulo family, who united the Utigurs, Kutrigurs and Onoguls to become independent in 630, and the Bolgar tribes living in the Black Sea region and the Kuban steppe united in 603, led by Organa, who became the ruler of the Bulgars.
In mid-634-635 AD, Khan Kubrat, with the support of Byzantium, after destroying the authority of the Avar Khanate, established a tribal confederation near the Kuban River and the Sea of Azov, historically known as the Great Bulgharia
In the first half of the 7th century, friendly relations between the Byzantines and the Bulgars ended with the death of Kovrat.
The Great Bulgar state also lost its former strength and, under the blows of the Khazars, quickly disintegrated and regressed to a state of scattered tribal activities.
After the collapse of the Great Bulgar state, Kubulat's five sons each controlled a part of the tribe.
The eldest BatBayan remained in his fiefdom and eventually became a vassal of the Khazarian Khanate.
The second brother, Kotrag, moved north and lived farther on the banks of the river.
These two remained in the Black Sea region of the steppe of Bart. Bayan and Kotrag's groups are known in Byzantine and Slavic chronicles as "Black Bulghars".
In 679, the Bulgars, led by their third son, Asperukh, crossed the river in the 70s of the 7th century to the northeastern region of present-day Bulgaria, and soon conquered the "seven tribes" of the local Slavs, controlling the delta region of the lower Danube.
The Bulgar group, led by the fourth son, Kuwer, crossed the Carpathian Mountains and the Danube and moved west into the middle Danube region of Central Europe, and later merged into the Avar state.
The fifth son migrated westward and merged with the Lambards.
The Bulgars of BatBayan, under the rule of the Khazar Khanate, gradually merged with the tribes in the Khazar Khanate, laying the foundation for the formation of the Volga Bolgar.
By the end of the 7th century and 50s, the Khazars represented a formidable force that controlled the steppes of the northern Caucasus.
The Khazars completely defeated the Bulgars in the 680s and became the undisputed leader of the North Caucasus.
The Bulgars under the leadership of Bat Bayan and Kotrag were under the rule of the Khazar Khanate.
At the end of the 7th century, the Bulgars under the rule of Bad Bayan tried to reach the area where the Volga and Kama rivers interacted, but failed to suppress the local Finno-Ugric tribes.
Therefore, they continued to be under the rule of the Khazarian Khanate.
After the defeat of the Khazar Khanate by the Arabs in 736, the Bolgar bloc successfully penetrated into the Volga-Ural region".
The tribe migrated north from the Khazar Khanate and settled in the central Volga region.
There, they conquered the local Finnish-Ugric tribe and established a new regime.
In addition to the Bulgar Department, there were other tribes among the migrants.
Historical sources from the 9th and 10th centuries preserve the names of these tribes, which were under Khazarian rule and conquered by the Bulgars with more advanced military power and better political organization.
These tribes mainly include: Barsula, Asgal, Suwar, Baranjar.
Among them Balchula should be associated with the early center of the Khazar Khanate, the Berzilia, where Balchula was a multitude of Ugul asylum seekers from the Khazar Khanate lands"; Suval can be associated with the kingdom of Suval in the North Caucasus mentioned in the Records of the Province of Dauri and the Annals of the World Realms; The Baranjar, associated with the former capital of the Khazarian Khanate, Baranjar, was captured by Arab armies during the Khazar-Arab Hundred Years' War, and the surviving inhabitants of Barangar fled north.
According to Ibn Fadran , there were 5,000 Barangals, and wars between the Arab Empire and the Khazar Khanate were frequent there.
However, the main component of immigration in the region is the Ministry of Bulgaria.
When the Finno-Ugrics lived with the Bulgars, they gradually began to integrate with them, so much so that the tribes living near the Bulgars eventually became a tribe".
They were called Eastern Bulgars or Volga Bulgars.
In the 8th-10th centuries, the Volga Bulgar was subordinate to the Khazar Qaganate and was required to fulfill a series of obligations to the Khazar Khanate.
The Volga Bolgars gradually developed by virtue of their superior geographical location and became one of the most important fur suppliers to the Khazar Khanate, an important part of the Khazar Khanate's trade network.
With the deterioration of the Caucasus-Caspian Sea route, the gradual decline of the Khazar Khanate, and the rise of the Samanid dynasty, trade routes bypassing the Khazar Khanate, the Volga Bolgars became increasingly close to the Flower Thorn Zimo and Samanid merchants.
This is reflected in their trading activities and the cultural influence of the Dolga Bulgar by the Tarzim and Samanid dynasties.
Volga Bolgar native had fur resources, but in order to meet the demand for the quantity and quality of fur in the Middle East and Central Asia, the Volga Bolgars obtained better quality furs from the Finno-Ugric tribes in the north.
By the mid-to-late 10th century, Kievan Rus was growing in power and destroying the Khazar Khanate in 965 AD, and the Volga Bolgars were attacked several times by the Rus, and although Kievan Rus did not conquer Volga Bolgar, it hindered the smooth flow of Volga Bolgar trade.
Volga Bolgar signed a peace treaty with Kievan Rus in order to maintain his trade activities, and Volga Bolgar's trade activities were carried out under the protection of Kievan Rus.
By the mid-to-late 11th century, when Rus was divided and divided, Volga Bulgar traded directly with the Duchy of Vladimir-Suzdal, one of the Rus principalities, at which point the power and position of the two in trade became equal.
The activities of the Volga Bolgars in the 8th-9th centuries do not appear in accounts from the Middle East or Central Asia.
The earliest description of the Volga Bolgars comes from Ibn Fadral's travelogues.
Ibn Fadran traveled to Volga Bolgar in 922, when the king of Volga Bolgar was Almush, who was known as "the King of the Sagaliba", a title granted to the ruler of a subordinate tribal confederation.
Apparently under this status, Almush held this title from his own supreme ruler, Khazar Khan.
Each Volga Bulgar household had to pay a mink as a tribute to the Khazarian king.
At this time, Volga Volga was under the rule of the Khazarian Khanate, on the one hand, each household of the Volga Bulgar had to pay a sable skin to the Khazar Khanate.
The account of Galdisi contains half a million Volga Bolgar households, a figure that is undoubtedly an exaggeration.
But even if the real figure is only a tenth of that, at the market price of Volga Bolgar at that time, 50,000 sable skins were worth about 100,000-125,000 Dirkhan 41 Khazar Khanate undoubtedly received considerable income from it.
On the other hand, the rulers of Volga Bolgar also received one sable skin from each household of the inhabitants under his rule, and the Khazar Khanate, as lords, did not receive more tribute than their vassal Volga Bolgar.
In addition, the Volga Bolgar rulers collected tithes from Khazarian and Rus merchants who came to the markets within their borders.
As a result, Khazarian merchants did not receive special treatment.
Boba noted that as long as the Khazars receive tribute, they will not have any interest in the internal affairs of the Volga Bulgars.
It was precisely because the Khazars were not interested in the foreign policy of the Volga Bulgars that the Volga Bulgars were able to establish close ties with the merchants of the Khwartzm and the Samanid dynasty.
It is worth noting that there were no garrisons of the Khazar Khanate on the territory of the Volga Bulgar.
The Volga Bolgars are in complete internal autonomy, they have their own king, they have separate armies, there are no Khazar garrisons in the territory controlled by the Volga Bolgars.
They were free to control transit trade, and their rulers were free to tithes on foreign merchants entering and leaving the country.
The friendly relations between the Volga Bolgar and the Khazar Khanate also increased the prestige of the Volga Bolgar rulers who would receive assistance from the Khazar Khanate if they encountered enemy attacks.
As vassals of the Khazar Khanate, the Volga Bulgars were allowed to profit from trade activities in the Near East and Central Asia.
The Khazarian Khanate did not have a garrison on the lands of the Volga Bulgars, which meant that its relations were based on the will of both sides, and it was beneficial for both sides to establish good diplomatic relations.
There are no doubts that there are occasional tensions between the two countries, for example, in the early 10th century, the Volga Bolgars waged war against the Khazars, which shows that the Volga Bolgars, although they were subordinate to the Khazarian Khanate, left a lot of doubt about their independence.
Politically, Volga Bulgar was a vassal state of the Khazar Khanate; Economically, the Volga Bolgars not only paid tribute to the Khazar Khanate, they also exported furs from trade with Rus merchants or Finno-Ugrics to Ader
Itil is the capital of the Khazar Khanate, located on the lower Volga River, and Adil is one of the entrances to the Caspian Sea near the Volga River.
Adel connected the Volga Bulgar in the northern Khazar Khanate with the Caspian Sea and southern Iran, passing through a caravan route that stretched west from the Far East through Central Asia to the Byzantine port on the Crimean Peninsula.
Volga Bolgar fur export route to Ader, controlled by the Khazars.
The ships allowed to deliver goods at Adr and Bulgar came from the Khazar Khanate or the Middle East or Central Asian regimes.
The merchants who transported goods in Bolgar and Adr were mainly Khazarian merchants or merchants from the Middle East or Central Asia, not Volga Bolgars.