Ancient Poems of Junior High School: Drinking And Five (Wei Jin Tao Yuanming)

The knot is in the human realm, and there is no traffic or horse noise.

Q. How can you do it? The heart is far away from self-deprecation.

Under the eastern fence of the chrysanthemum, you can leisurely see the South Mountain.

The mountain atmosphere is good day and night, and the birds are returning.

There is truth in this, to discern what has been forgotten.

Translations

Build houses in crowded places without being disturbed by worldly interactions.

Ask me why I can do this, as long as my heart wants to be far away from the world, I will naturally feel that the place is secluded.

Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, the south mountain in the distance comes into view.

In the evening, the scenery of Nanshan Mountain is very good, and the mist peaks are swirling, and the birds are accompanied.

There is the true meaning of life, and I want to distinguish it clearly, but I have forgotten how to express it.

exegesis

Jielu: Building a dwelling, which means dwelling. Knot, build, build. Lu, a humble house.

Human: The hustle and bustle of the world.

Chariot noise: Refers to the noise of worldly interactions.

JUN: Refers to the author himself.

HO: Why is that? ER: So, so.

Leisurely: A laid-back look.

See: see (pronounced jiàn), verb.

Nanshan: Refers to the mountain peak, and refers to the Lushan Mountain.

Mountain Gas: Clouds in the mountains.

Day and night: Evening.

Phase and: Fellowship, companionship.

True meaning: The true meaning of life that is understood from nature.

Reciprocity: Return together.

Appreciation

　　The beginning of the poem", "The knot is in the human realm, and there is no carriage or horse noise" Begins by saying that although he lives in the human world, he has no worldly interactions to disturb him. Where is the human condition without the troubles of cars and horses? Because "the mind is far away from self-deviation", as long as the heart can get rid of the shackles of the world from a distance, then even in a noisy environment, it is like living in a secluded place. Tao Yuanming was full of the ideal of meritorious service in his early years, and he was born several times precisely to realize the ambition of Kuang Shi JiShi. However, when he saw that "the true wind has passed away, and the great is prosperous", the official turmoil is sinister, the world is false and deceitful, and the whole society is corrupt and dark, so he chooses the road of self-purification, self-preservation, and poverty, living in seclusion in the countryside, and cultivating himself. The four sentences of "Knotted in the Human Realm" are to write about his spiritual feelings after getting rid of the interference of the secular environment. The so-called "heart is far away", that is, the heart does not think about the field of fame and fortune, the love is not the door of the powerful, and it is absolutely forbidden to enter the world and transcend the world. Because these four sentences are highly in meaning and far-reaching in their feelings, their predecessors have praised them for their "brilliant words".

　　"Ask jun how can it be? The "heart far away" in "far away from the heart" is to stay away from the officialdom, and furthermore, to stay away from the world, to be otherworldly. [4] The exclusion of the socially recognized scale of values and the inquiry into where the author established the basis of life involves Tao Yuanming's philosophical thought. This philosophy can be called "natural philosophy", which not only contains a self-cultivation, frugal lifestyle, but also deepens the unity and harmony of human life and nature. In Tao Yuanming's view, man not only exists in society and in the relationship between people, but also, even more importantly, each individual life, as an independent spiritual subject, directly faces the entire nature and the universe.

　　If these truths are written directly, the poem becomes a thesis. So the author just puts the philosophy in the image. The poet picked chrysanthemums at random in his garden, and by chance he raised his head, and his gaze met Nanshan. "Leisurely seeing Nanshan", according to the rules of ancient Chinese, can be interpreted as "leisurely seeing Nanshan" or "seeing leisurely Nanshan". Therefore, this "leisurely" not only belongs to people, but also belongs to mountains, people are idle and comfortable, and mountains are quiet and lofty. At that moment, there seemed to be a common melody playing together from the human heart and the mountain peaks, merging into a light music.

　　"Under the eastern fence of the chrysanthemum, leisurely see the South Mountain." The mountain atmosphere is good day and night, and the birds are like a bird and a return" These four sentences describe the kind of leisurely and self-satisfied look that the spiritual world and natural scenery after the poet's retreat. The east fence was casually picking chrysanthemums, and I accidentally looked up to see Nanshan. In the evening, the scenery of Nanshan Mountain is very good, and the mist peaks are swirling, and the birds are accompanied. The poet thought of his own retreat from the beauty of Nanshan Mountain, and realized the philosophy of returning to simplicity and truth. The birds return to the sunset, and the mountains and forests are their destination; they have repeatedly left home, and finally they have to return to the countryside, and the countryside is also their home. The poet once wrote in the "Return to the West": "The cloud has no intention of coming out, and the bird is tired of flying and knows how to return." "He uses clouds and birds as a metaphor, and the cloud has no intention of coming out, just as if he has no intention of being a shi, and the bird's tiredness and flight knows it, just like he hates the officialdom and hides." In this poem, the two sentences of "the bird phase and return" and the two sentences of "the bird is tired of flying and knows to return" in the "Return to the Story" have the same meaning.

　　The four sentences of "picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence" are highly evaluated by the ancients. Zhang Jie said: "'Under the eastern fence of picking chrysanthemums, leisurely see the South Mountain', this scene is at present, not in the idle to the quiet, it cannot be reached, and this taste is unreachable." So, what is the "taste" that Zhang Jie is talking about? Why do you say "this smell is out of reach"? We know that Tao poetry is not still decorated, not carved, clear as words, simple and natural, so the predecessors often used the word "plain" to summarize its poetic style. But the blandness of Tao's poetry comes from "Group Li", which is flat and interesting, light and flavorful. This seemingly bland but mellow feature is actually a higher artistic realm, very well known, but also very human. The "taste" that Zhang Jie said was the mellow charm of Tao Shi. There are many reasons why this charm is "out of reach". Leaving aside the conditions of literary accomplishment and artistic talent, it can be said that this kind of charm can only be written by poets like Tao Yuanming who are unwilling to float with the customs and are unwilling to stir up the mud, that is, only those who are far-sighted and have a state of mind "to idleness and tranquility" can write it.

　　"There is a true meaning in this, and I want to discern what has been forgotten." In the last two sentences of the poem, the poet said that he understood the meaning of life from the beauty of nature, and expressed the idyllic mood of pure nature. The "this" in the poem can be understood as the here and now (the fence on autumn and sunset), and we can also understand the whole pastoral life. The so-called "forgetting words" actually means that the idyllic and idyllic life is their real life, and the joy of this life can only be understood, ineffable, and does not need to be narrated. This fully reflects the poet's noble character of being poor and happy, and inspiring and observing the festival. These two sentences say that there is the true meaning of life here, and I want to distinguish it, but I forget how to express it in words. "Forgetting words" is popularly said, that is, I don't know what language to use to express, but I can only understand it, not to say it. "Words of love are silent", here emphasizes a "true" word, pointing out that resignation and retreat is the true meaning of life.

　　This poem mainly depicts the poet's leisurely and self-satisfied mentality after abandoning his official and returning to the countryside, reflecting Tao Yuanming's determination to abandon the muddy worldly merits and return to nature, revel in the natural world, and even enter the realm of "getting carried away" with his attitude and life experience. This poem uses the whole program of "Heart Yuan" and reveals the connotation of "Heart Yuan" in three layers. The first four sentences write about the state of being in the "human realm" and the spirit transcending the world. The middle four sentences write about the materialized and selfless mentality of contemplating the surrounding scenery and immersing yourself in the natural rhyme. The last two sentences go one level deeper, writing that the "heart" experiences the ineffable true meaning of life in the hunking of things and self, and this poetic conception changes from being quiet and forgetting the world, to materializing and forgetting oneself, to being overwhelmed and forgetting words, and advancing layer by layer, which is the deepest and most full embodiment of Tao Yuanming's natural life philosophy and the poetic style of returning to simplicity after his retreat. Wang Guowei said in "Words and Sayings on Earth": "The realm of no self, looking at things with things, so I don't know what is me and what is things." This poem is a representative work of the "state of no-self" created by Tao Yuanming "with the view of things".