Millennium One "East Fence"
Wei and Jin are also a beautiful and unique scenery in the history of Chinese culture, and later generations will often see the freedom of human nature and the purity of the literati through this history, but Mr. Zhu Xi does not think so. He felt that these so-called Qinggao literati only had their names, and on the surface they could think openly and put them down, but in private they also used their hearts and minds to seek the word "fame and fortune." However, there is one person, Mr. Zhu Xi, who is more agreeable, that is, Tao Yuanming, who believes that Tao Yuanming is indeed a person who is consistent in appearance and appearance, not only clearing his appearance but also clearing his inside, which is different.
In fact, not only Zhu Xi, but also the evaluation of Tao Yuanming by later generations is almost all positive and highly respected. Even the poet Li Bai was particularly eager to reach Tao Yuanming's realm, he often dreamed of Tao Yuanming, and when he woke up, he wrote a poem saying: "Dreaming of five willow branches, it is enough to hang a horse whip; when to Pengze, before the wild song Tao Ling", absolutely an "iron powder" appearance. When Bai Juyi was demoted to Sima of Jiangzhou, there were two people who warmed his life itinerary, one was the pipa girl in reality, so that he found a sense of calm that "the same is the fallen man of the end of the world, why should he have met"; the other is Tao Yuanming in the spiritual world, making his lost soul more free and calm. He read Tao Yuanming's poems almost every day, and said in poems: "When there is nothing to do in front of you, when there is nothing in front of you." The number of peaks is too white snow, a volume of Tao submerged poems. Su Dongpo is talented and has always been known for his arrogance, but he said frankly: "I am not very good to the poet, but I am good and clear." Yuanming does not do much poetry, but his poetry is solid and solid, and he is real and real, and he cannot reach Cao, Liu, Bao, Xie, Li, and Du." In Su Dongpo's eyes, Tao Yuanming's level was far above that of The Poet Li Bai and the Poet Saint Du Fu, and this evaluation was bold enough. And the famous patriotic poet Xin abandoned the disease, in the most difficult time of life, in the spiritual pursuit of Tao Yuanming's realm, but sighed inferiorly, he said "every year yellow flower chrysanthemum, a thousand years of an eastern fence", this feeling can be described as true, this meaning can be described as sincere.
Why Tao Yuanming has left such a great influence in the long river of Chinese culture and history, the core of which lies in the fact that he has established a true monument of life spirit, behind this monument there is no deliberate, no carving, no dust, quiet and calm, ordinary and calm, natural and casual. Others always use literature to achieve the spirit, but he uses the spirit to achieve literature. Therefore, Tao Yuanming most thoroughly and purely embodies the life spirit of Chinese culture, no one has ever come before, and no one has come after him.
In Tao Yuanming's poem, my favorite is the fifth poem of "Drinking": "The knot is in the human realm, and there is no carriage and horse noise." Q. How can you do it? The heart is far away from self-deprecation. Under the eastern fence of the chrysanthemum, you can leisurely see the South Mountain. The mountain atmosphere is good day and night, and the birds are returning. There is truth in this, to discern what has been forgotten. Later, all pastoral poets are difficult to achieve the life realm of "picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing the South Mountain", the word "picking chrysanthemums" shows that the author loves life, and his relaxation is the relaxation of the soul, not a deliberate escape from the unsatisfactory, and the place where he picks chrysanthemums is in front of his own fence, indicating that he lives in a world surrounded by chrysanthemums, which is Tao Yuanming's proud frost and snow character.
Nanshan may be the real reference, that is, the mountain south of Tao Yuanming's residence, but in Chinese culture, Nanshan often refers to the place where the gods and immortals live, and there is a vivid immortality, which is also a realm of life that many people pursue. However, Tao Yuanming used two words here - "leisurely", which not only gives people a kind of floating freedom, but also a kind of intentional and unintentional encounter. In fact, it does not matter whether the author has seen Nanshan or not, what is important is that he has a mood of picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, and he has a fairy-like happiness, which is really unintentional, and the realm is self-contained.
Later generations often admired Wang Wei's "walking to the end of the water, sitting and watching the clouds rise", thinking that the realm was excellent, but, when tasted, Wang Wei's realm was still a little heavier, and there was a feeling of sudden epiphany, and there was also a deliberate sense of enlightenment for future generations. However, "Bright Moon Pine Illumination, Qingquan Stone Upstream" is more natural, quiet and surprising, but less than a little fairy.
Of course, the greatest work that Tao Yuanming left to posterity is the "Peach Blossom Origin", in the history of Chinese culture, no prose has had such a great influence on future generations, becoming a hallucinatory utopia in the spiritual world of Chinese. Since the birth of this article, every Chinese has a peach blossom source of their own in their hearts, and has struggled for it for the rest of their lives, and the peach blossom source has become a universal ideal of life and a true spiritual home.
In the face of this essay, people often pay attention to the transcendent life state of "not knowing whether there is a Han, regardless of Wei and Jin", in fact, the legal eye of this article is a "source" word. If this article starts as "Peach Garden", its vulgar meaning will jump on the paper, although the peach garden is very beautiful, but it is too vulgar, and the author loves chrysanthemums very much, and does not love peach blossoms. The source word is the meaning of the source, and the peach blossom source refers to the crossing of the peach blossom. The peach blossom here actually refers to all kinds of tempting things of the world, such as fame and fortune, power, money, beauty, qiong pulp jade liquid, house Huating, etc., because the fisherman is not confused by the peach garden, but through the peach garden, so he enters a world with a cave. In fact, this means that if a person truly reaches the infinite height of the spirit, he must achieve the victory of the spirit over matter, the victory of the soul's external desires, and the victory of the ideal over reality, otherwise, a person will never be able to reach the peach blossom source. When you think about it, it can be said that the realm is deep, far away, and wonderful.
We often say that the times have made people, and of course, there are also people who have achieved the times. If the Eastern Jin Dynasty did not have Tao Yuanming, the history of this hundred years or so would be so boring, because with Tao Yuanming, people would know more about that period of history and also know the inaction of a declining dynasty. Tao Yuanming actually used his own Qinggao to tell us that if you can't change the world, you can only change yourself, but there are many times, changing yourself is more difficult than changing the world. The course of human civilization is, in the final analysis, the spirit fighting against desire. It is precisely because everyone wants to change the world with their own ideals that the world has become more uncertain. Because no world is suitable for all people in the world, the wisest choice for human beings is to live when they are alive and to be worthy of this life when they are alive, and to be worthy of the next life when they die.
After returning to the countryside, Tao Yuanming said, "Those who understand the past are not advised, and those who know what has come can be traced", which is not only his encouragement to himself, but also a kind of spiritual guidance to future generations. Whether it is a society or a life, from addiction to enlightenment, it takes a process, no one is born to understand and be clear, the key is to be able to brake the car when necessary.
Today we live in a pure material world, the highly developed technology and the great abundance of material, while satisfying the happiness of the flesh, our souls have become extremely impetuous, and when we occasionally calm down, there is nothing but exhaustion, let alone happiness. Therefore, I think that today's human society should be quiet, thinking about some of the ultimate value of development and the ultimate meaning of living, which seems extremely necessary.