In 1889, under the Guangxu Emperor, no major events happened.
But this year is very important to the history of education in modern China:
Cai Yuanpei and Liang Qichao were selected in the examination;
Zhang Boling, who was only 13 years old, was admitted to the Beiyang Marine Teachers' School;
Mei Yiqi was born.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="74" > Zhang Boling during the Xingwu period</h1>
Beiyang Admiralty School is the earliest naval officer school in modern China, and it is also the first school in China to open physical education classes, teaching boxing, fencing and other courses.
Zhang Boling during the Beiyang Marine Division
In 1894, the Sino-Japanese Naval Battle, the Beiyang Navy was completely destroyed.
After the Spring Festival in 1895, Zhang Boling received a notice to report to the "Tongji" ship moored in Weihai, Shandong, and he finally had the opportunity to get on the ship to practice guns, torpedo shooting and other techniques.
But by then, Weihaiwei had been occupied by Japan.
In 1898, the British forcibly leased Weihaiwei, and the Qing court sent the "Tongji" to receive and hand it over to the British.
Weihai, Shandong
Zhang Boling, witnessing the "three easy national flags", was extremely sad and indignant, and pointed out that the Chinese nation at that time had five ills: stupidity, weakness, poverty, scatteredness, and selfishness, and to correct the five diseases of the nation, it was necessary for the country's self-improvement, the country's self-improvement, and the mission of "creating new education and cultivating new talents" should be taken as the mission.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="16" > devoted to education</h1>
In 1898, Zhang Boling came to yan Xiujia's "Yan Family Hall" to teach, and since then the family has had physical education classes and English classes.
Zhang Boling is at the Yan family house
In order to create a truly modern school, Zhang Boling and Yan Xiudong traveled to Japan to investigate education.
In 1904, the new school was officially opened, the school name was "Tianjin Private Middle School", the preparatory expenses were shared by Yan Xiu and Wang Kuizhang, one of the "Eight Great Merchants of Tianjin", the school building was used to strictly repair the residential courtyard, the teaching tools were donated by the Yan family, the teaching instruments were donated by the Wang family, and Zhang Boling was the principal.
In the same year, among the first students enrolled, there was Mei Yiqi.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="68" > create the Nankai series of schools</h1>
In 1907, the school was moved from Yan Xiujia to Nankaiwa, Tianjin, named "Nankai Middle School", and Zhang Boling was still the principal, this year, Zhang Boling was 31 years old.
In 1917, the 41-year-old Zhang Boling resigned from the position of principal of Nankai Middle School and went to the United States to start his study abroad career, to Columbia University Teachers College, where he studied with famous teachers such as Meng Lu and Dewey, studied modern education history, psychology, educational administration and other courses, and inspected more than 50 American universities and primary and secondary schools, studying the purpose of running schools and teaching concepts.
After a series of preparations, in early 1919, Zhang Boling began to prepare for the establishment of Nankai University, and on September 25 of the same year, the course officially began. The first batch of students of Nankai University totaled 96 people, and Zhou Enlai was also among them, and the student number was No. 62.
At that time, Nankai University was a private university, almost a "private industry" created by Zhang Boling. At that time, in the face of social doubts and pressures, Zhang Boling proved that China can create excellent private universities!
In order to maintain the cost of private schools, Zhang Boling also embarked on a hard journey of pioneering, and began to struggle to "change the relationship" between various military and political leaders to fill the school funds that seemed to be in a perpetual rupture.
In the years of war, Zhang Boling was extremely sensitive to the undercurrents of wind and waves. Beginning in 1930, the senior students of Nankai Middle School opened a compulsory course of Geography of the Three Eastern Provinces.
Later, the Japanese army occupied North China, and Zhang Boling decided to open a Nankai branch school in Chongqing, the hinterland of China, after repeated consideration, which was later praised by millions of Chongqing people as "the fertile soil of talents and the cradle of academicians".
Because Zhang Boling and Nankai teachers and students fully supported the anti-Japanese front line of righteous deeds angered the Japanese, the Japanese army's harassment, provocation and threat to Nankai continued uninterrupted, until July 29, 1937, the Japanese army began to bomb Nankai University by aircraft artillery, Nankai University became the first institution of higher learning to die after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the initial statistics of property losses of 3 million yuan, accounting for 1/10 of the total war losses of colleges and universities in the country at that time.
Subsequently, national Tsinghua University, national Peking University, and private Nankai University moved south to form the National Southwest United University, and the bloodline of education was continued.
In 1949, the founding of New China, the private Nankai series of schools were nationalized.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="70" > zhang Boling was turned away by Nankai in his later years</h1>
In September 1950, Zhang Boling returned to Tianjin and went to Nankai Middle School the next day, but the old principal who devoted himself to Nankai was not welcomed, and the staff of the Academic Affairs Office quickly "invited" him out of the school on the grounds that he was "about to meet".
On October 17, 1950, Nankai School Day, it was raining that day, Zhang Boling changed his raincoat and prepared to go to participate, but the middle school people said that they did not want the old man to go", and in the end, he never participated in the Nankai school celebration again.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="71" > soul returns to Nankai</h1>
In 1951, Zhang Boling died of illness, and his last wish was to bury his ashes on the Nankai campus. In the next 38 years, his ashes changed successively, and finally in 1989, he moved back to the Nankai campus.
He should feel very pleased.
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