Panorama of the new energy vehicle industry chain
New energy vehicles refer to the use of unconventional vehicle fuel as the power source (or the use of conventional vehicle fuel, the use of new on-board power units), the integration of advanced technology in vehicle power control and drive, the formation of advanced technical principles, with new technologies, new structure of the car.
01
The whole industry chain of new energy vehicles
The new energy vehicle industry chain is divided into: upstream - raw materials and parts, midstream - vehicle manufacturing, and downstream - automobile services.
02
Upstream of the new energy vehicle industry chain
The core components of the upstream of the new energy industry chain include four parts, namely power batteries, lithium battery separators, hydrogen fuel cells, motors and electronic control systems, and the same parts as traditional automobiles.
Power battery
As the basic unit of energy storage and conversion device of new energy vehicles, power battery is the core component of new energy vehicles.
In recent years, the output and loading volume of domestic power batteries have been increasing, and the market demand has become more and more vigorous, which has also made power battery companies more dependent on capacity expansion.
Lithium battery separator
In the structure of lithium batteries, the separator is one of the key inner components.
With the active implementation of the new energy vehicle policy and the continuous growth of new energy vehicle sales, the demand for lithium batteries is also rising, driving the shipment of lithium battery separators to increase.
At present, the mainland has become the world's most important producer of lithium battery separators.
Hydrogen fuel cells
Hydrogen fuel cells are non-polluting to the environment and are truly "zero-emission" clean energy.
With the continuous construction of hydrogen refueling stations, the improvement of the hydrogen fuel cell industry, and the reduction of the cost of hydrogen fuel cell systems, the scale of the hydrogen fuel cell market will continue to grow in the future, and is expected to reach 23 billion yuan in 2023.
Motors and electronic control systems
New energy vehicles use electric motors instead of fuel engines, which are driven by electric motors without the need for automatic transmissions. Compared with the automatic gearbox, the motor has simple structure, mature technology and reliable operation.
At present, the new energy electronic control system can be divided into four categories: DC motor, AC asynchronous motor, permanent magnet synchronous motor and switched reluctance motor according to the type of motor, and different types of motors correspond to different electronic control methods.
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The middle stream of the new energy vehicle industry chain
New energy vehicles include pure electric vehicles, extended-range electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, hydrogen engine vehicles, etc.
Pure electric vehicles
Among them, pure electric vehicles are the most important branch of new energy vehicles, and their sales will expand with the continuous expansion of new energy vehicle sales.
(Plug-in) hybrid electric vehicles
(Plug-in) hybrid electric vehicle is a new energy vehicle between pure electric vehicles and fuel vehicles.
It not only has the engine, transmission, transmission system, oil circuit, and fuel tank of traditional automobiles, but also the battery, motor, and control circuit of pure electric vehicles, and the battery capacity is relatively large, and there is a charging interface.
Fuel cell electric vehicles
Fuel cell electric vehicles are under the action of catalysts, using hydrogen, methanol, natural gas, gasoline, etc. as reactants and oxygen in the air to burn in the battery, and then convert it into electricity to provide a power source for the car.
04
Downstream of the new energy vehicle industry chain
The downstream of the new energy vehicle industry chain can be divided into two parts: charging services and aftermarket services.
Charging services
Including charging equipment, battery swapping equipment and battery recycling.
Charging piles
The function of the charging pile is similar to that of the fuel dispenser in the gas station, which can be fixed on the ground or wall, installed in public buildings (public buildings, shopping malls, public parking lots, etc.) and residential parking lots or charging stations, and can charge various types of electric vehicles according to different voltage levels.
Swap stations
Affected by the rapid development of the new energy vehicle market, the number of battery swap stations for new energy vehicles in China is also showing a rapid growth trend.
Aftermarket services
Automobile aftermarket service refers to a variety of services around the use of the car after the sale of the car, which covers all the services that consumers need after buying a car, mainly including auto finance, maintenance, second-hand car trading, auto insurance, auto supplies, etc. (Intelligent Manufacturing Leading Talent College transferred from Investment Insights)