How to see the meaning of the Roman World Theater in the 17th century?
I. Introduction
In this world theater, some precious trophies will be preserved forever in this world theater, and the honor and benefits of these trophies will be the same.
Cardinal nephew Ludovico Ludovisi of Gregory XV and Duke Maximilian of Bavaria donated the precious Baratine Library of Heidelberg to the Vatican (in the early years of the Thirty Years' War, a period that was certainly not without political interests).
And by this period in Rome, this period was given the title "Theater of the World", especially under Gregory XIII and V, a period that reached various magnificent popes, followed by the abolition of Henry IV and the end of the Wars of Religion, the importance of the radical Counter-Reformation Church in France, along with France and Spain, on the international stage.
In a political sense, Rome is first and foremost a "drama", a place where tensions and conflicts prevail in Europe, but there is also the possibility of mediation and alliances.
2. World Theatre
The arrogance of this drama in dealing with a chain of events and fate, some twists are dispensable, and the actor's ability to control the stage is crucial.
Because, when the empire of art was formed behind the scenes, the ecclesiastical class would trade with all its might, "with the aim of mastering the art of public affairs", as Cardinal Bentivolio wrote in his memory, a work that symbolizes the entire era.
The rules of political activity in Rome were harsh, and its moral and religious questions involved a strong sense of death. In fact, politics is nothing more than a Machiavellian struggle between vices and virtues, where, as Bentivo Gorio said, "two warriors "constantly fight in this worthy arena, who now do everything to raise and now lower this or that person".
In addition to the papal court, however, Rome was also dominated by cardinals, which included the general religious order and many other meeting places, as well as the residences of princes and nobles and various academies.
To quote Bentivoglio, "Through the unity of so many nations, and the keen wisdom of those in power, 'Rome merged many theaters into a great and challenging stage".
Under Paul V, the "Theatre of the World" undoubtedly suffered a setback.
3. The ecclesiastical court
Under the policy of universalism, Clement VIII was forbidden to enter Venice, which gave rise to church reasons in the medium and long term. Not only does a flexible attitude be needed to address doctrinal and disciplinary issues, but it also does not accept current political, religious and cultural developments in Europe.
However, this situation did not diminish Rome's traditional appeal to secular and religious literati. Because these people were able to find positions as legal experts or cardinal secretaries in the offices of the Holy See, or in a large number of priesthoods and pension funds, which were still represented in the early decades of the 17th century.
Equally enduring was the attraction of the city to the younger sons of urban aristocratic families or older aristocratic families. (Indeed, this increased with the general aristocracy of Italian and European society.) ）
Rome offered these sons the prospect of safe employment in the bureaucracy of the Papal States, or more frequently now firmly established ambassadors, where in Spain and France, they enjoyed increasingly famous school court etiquette and training grounds for future "advance" of cardinal positions, even to the threshold of seeing Peter himself.
Fourth, the author's view
Nor did Rome's importance as a commercial center diminish in any way. Rome is the "theater of the world", which offers a safe and neutral market, thanks to the perfect mechanics of taxation, there is a stable exchange and trust affected by its public debt and inflation, and this crisis affects the entire Mediterranean region
bibliography
[1] G. Bentivoglio, Commemorative Letter, 1934.
[2] K. Jaitner, "Instructions of the Pope of Rome: Main Instructions of Clement VIII," Ambassador and Envoy to Furstenhof in Europe, 1984.
[3] Bishop of Bass and Wells, John Stafford Register, 1425-1443;
