In the early morning of November 21, Beijing time, the opening match of the 2022 Qatar World Cup began at the Bayit Stadium. Ecuador beat Qatar 2-0 thanks to two goals from captain Valencia to claim their first World Cup victory.
Speaking of the iconic representative of Ecuador, one has to talk about bananas and the equator. Since 1992, Ecuador has ranked first in the world in both banana production and export for many consecutive years. Ecuador means equator in Spanish, and the equator runs through the vicinity of the capital Quito, and there are equator monuments, so it is most appropriate to call it the banana country on the equator.
▼Ecuadorian Equatorial Monument
Part.1
geographical location
Ecuador borders Colombia to the northeast, Peru to the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.
Part.2
Physical geographic features
1. Terrain
Ecuador is divided into four parts: the western coast, the central mountains, the eastern region and the Colon Islands.
The western coast includes coastal plains and foothills, high in the east and low in the west, generally below 200 meters above sea level, and there are some hills and low mountains at an altitude of 600~700 meters. The central mountains are divided into the East and West Cordillera Mountains, and between the two mountains are plateaus high in the north and low in the south, with an average altitude of 2500 to 3000 meters. Located in central Ecuador, Mount Chimborazo is the highest peak in Ecuador at 6,262 meters above sea level. There are many volcanoes and earthquakes are frequent. The famous Cotopaxi volcano, at 5,897 meters above sea level, is one of the highest active volcanoes in the world. The eastern region is part of the Amazon Basin. The river in the foothills of the mountain area at an altitude of 1200~250 meters is turbulent, and the alluvial plain below 250 meters is open, the water flow is gentle, and there are many river curves. The Colon Islands (Galapagos Islands) are located in the Pacific Ocean, more than 900 kilometers east of the mainland coast, with an area of 7,800 square kilometers, including 7 large islands and about 70 small islands, all composed of volcanic cones and volcanic lava.
2. Climate
Ecuador's climate is dominated by a tropical rainforest climate and a savannah climate. The western coastal plain area belongs to the tropical rainforest climate, the average temperature is 23~25 °C. In the central mountainous area, the mountain basin has a savannah climate, and the mountains have a subtropical forest climate, with perennial snow cover above 4,000 meters above sea level. The average annual precipitation is about 1000 mm, December ~ June is the rainy season, July ~ November is the dry season. The eastern region belongs to the tropical rainforest climate, humid, hot and rainy throughout the year, and the average annual precipitation is between 2000~3000 mm. The Coron archipelago is located at the confluence of cold and warm ocean currents, and the marine life here is extremely rich, with both cold-loving and warm-loving animals. The tropical climate makes most of the island dry and rainless, with only the southeastern slope of the highest mountain "intercepting" some clouds, blessing this narrow foothill with moist tropics.
Part.3
Human geographic features
1. Economy
In terms of industrial activities, Ecuador experienced the "Cocoa Period", the "Banana Period" and the "Oil Period". Ecuador's agricultural population accounts for up to 47% of the total population, Ecuador has a large planted area, high yield, good quality, is currently the world's largest banana producer and exporter, 85% of its total production is sold all over the world.
2. Tourist attractions
The main tourist attractions are Quito Old Town, the stone statue of the goddess Bread Hill, Independence Square and so on.
Old Town of Quito:
The capital of Ecuador, Quito, is 2,850 meters above sea level and was founded in the 16th century on the ruins of the Inca city. Despite the 1917 earthquake, Quito remains the best preserved and minimally altered historic center in Latin America. It was inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List in 1978.
Coron Islands:
Volcanic archipelago in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Also known as the Galapagos Islands. It is named after the abundance of giant tortoises ("Galapagos" in Spanish). The island has peculiar animals and reptiles, especially giant tortoises and large lizards; Due to long-term indiscriminate fishing, the number of giant tortoises has been greatly reduced, and some islands have become almost extinct.
Bread Mountain Goddess Stone Statue:
The Bread Mountain Goddess Stone Statue is located at the southern end of Quito, at an altitude of 183 meters, with a winding road leading to the summit, and a large stone statue of the Goddess of Quito on top, known as a symbol of the independence and freedom of the people of Quito. There is an ancient Inca temple on the mountainside, standing here overlooking the city, Quito has a panoramic view: Pichincha volcano is cloudy, snowy and gorgeous; The towers and spires of downtown Quito reflect the nearby hills and peaks. Quito's places of interest reflect the development characteristics of different eras in Latin America and are listed as one of the world's key cities for cultural heritage protection.
Part.4
Ecuador in the question
Question Group 1:
(2023 Chongqing Eighth Middle School Monthly Examination) Roses love light and moisture, and require fertile soil and good drainage. Ecuador is known as the rose garden on the equator, and the country's rose farms are mainly distributed in the area around the Kodopaxi volcano, which is popular in the Chinese market because of its wide variety of roses, long flowering period, large buds and bright colors. An e-commerce enterprise in the mainland contracted 10,000 mu of rose fields in Ecuador to establish a flower base, planning to sell flowers directly to China. The picture below is a topographic map of Ecuador. Complete 1~3 questions accordingly.
1. The reason for the high quality of roses in the main rose producing areas of Ecuador is ( )
A. High altitude, sufficient light and heat B. Great difference in height and large difference in heat
C. Close to the sea, strong influence of ocean currents D. Volcanic ash cover, fertile soil
2. Ecuadorian roses can be sold directly to China, mainly thanks to ( )
(1) The Internet reduces sales links and improves trade efficiency (2) The development of transportation modes saves transportation time
(3) The progress of refrigeration and preservation technology to ensure the quality of flowers (4) High-tech cultivation of flower varieties to seize the Chinese market
A.(1)(2)(3) B.(1)(2)(4) C.(1)(3)(4) D.(2)(3)(4)
3. The following suggestions for the sustainable development of Ecuador's rose industry, the most reasonable are ( )
A. Expand the scale of planting and increase rose production
B. Extend the industrial chain and carry out deep processing of flowers
C. Comprehensively promote mechanization and improve production efficiency
D. Attract a large number of people to move in and increase the labor force
Question Group 2:
Guayaquil is Ecuador's largest city and largest port, where agricultural products from all over the country are distributed. Now the city has developed into a "port city separation" model. The picture below shows a schematic map of Guayaquil and its surroundings. Read the picture and complete 4~6 questions.
4. The important impact of Pune Island on the development of the port is ( )
A. Expand the berthing space of ships B. Weaken the wind and reduce the wind waves
C. Reduce the tidal difference in the port water city D. Divide the waterway, which is conducive to navigation
5. The main purpose of Guayaquil's development of the "Hong Kong-City Separation" model is ( )
A. Reserve room for development B. Expand the hinterland of the port
C. Reduce terrain constraints D. Upgrade the city's level
6. The bulk agricultural products distributed in the port may be ( )
A. Soybeans B. Cocoa C. Corn D. Wheat
Question Group 3:
7. Read the graphic materials and complete the following requirements.
Material 1: On the Pastaza River, solar-powered canoes are known locally as "water buses" and consider them the most ideal option for solving local transportation problems. The canoe is powered by all-thin-film solar energy, and the thin-film battery has the advantages of thin thickness, easy to spread over a large area, and good low light (it can also generate electricity when the light is weak), but the area required to convert the same amount of electricity is huge.
Material 2: The Pastaza River is a large river in southeastern Ecuador, originating in the center of the country, with a rapid upstream, a large and stable flow in the middle and lower reaches, and numerous tributaries. The basin is rich in species diversity, including numerous waterfowl, insects, fish, amphibians, etc., including large carnivorous fish and freshwater crocodiles.
Material 3: The figure below shows the topography and urban distribution map of Ecuador.
(1) Briefly describe the distribution characteristics and reasons of Ecuadorian cities.
(2) Analyze the reasons why all-thin film solar canoes have become the most ideal choice to solve local transportation problems.
(3) Briefly describe the disadvantages of promoting all-thin film solar canoes on the Pastaza River.
Question Group 4:
8. Read the Quito climate chart and complete the following requirements.
Describe the main characteristics of Quito's climate and analyze its causes.
Question Group 5:
9. Read the graphic materials and answer the following questions.
Material 1: Ecuador's tropical flowers have more than 100 varieties, known for their diverse shapes, colors, large size, long survival time after cutting, no need for refrigeration, very strong and resistant to business handling, etc., this tropical flower has bright colors and can bloom for up to 10-15 days. Ecuador's flowers, known for their excellent variety and distinctive beauty, have a place in the world flower market and are considered to be among the best in the world.
Material 2: Quito, the capital of Ecuador, is located in an alpine valley near the equator, with an average altitude of 2,850 meters and a population of 1.4 million, making it one of the places with the smallest annual temperature difference in the world, known as the "City of Yongchun".
Material 3: Guayaquil is Ecuador's largest city and largest seaport. The port railway leads to the capital Quito, and highways connect the port with other cities in the country, where bananas, cocoa, coffee and other products from all over the country are distributed. The annual cargo throughput is about 3 million tons. The main export goods are bananas, coffee, cocoa, sugar, rice and fishery products, while the import goods mainly include metal ores, wheat, machinery, steel and vehicles.
(1) Combined with materials, analyze the reasons for the bright color and excellent variety of Ecuadorian flowers.
(2) Evaluate the location advantages of the port of Guayaquil.
(3) Ecuador's flower exports have always faced competition and challenges from other major flower producing regions in the world. The main exporters are the Netherlands, Colombia, Ecuador and Kenya. Try to guess the main problems facing Ecuador's flower production and export.
Question Group 6:
10. Read the graphic materials and complete the following requirements.
The Galapagos Islands, part of Ecuador, are located at the confluence of three major currents in the eastern Pacific Ocean (the Peruvian Cold Current, the Southern Equatorial Current, and the Equatorial Countercurrent) and consist of 15 large islands, 42 small islands and 26 rock reefs. The archipelago is about 300 km east-west, 200 km north-south and about 1,000 km from the South American mainland, formed by lava deposits lifted from the seabed. Because the Galapagos Islands are far from the South American continent, animals evolved here with their own inherent characteristics, known as the "Museum of Living Biological Evolution" and the "Melting Pot of Marine Life". Although the archipelago is close to the equator, it is not hot and rainy all year round, with only a few cacti and shrubs scattered along its coast. The figure below illustrates the geographical location of the Galapagos Islands.
(1) Explain the formation of the Galapagos Islands.
(2) Analyze the reasons why the Galapagos Islands and nearby waters are called "living biological evolution museums" and "melting pots of marine life".
(3) If a new port is proposed in the archipelago, indicate the natural conditions to be taken into account.
Rational Questions The answer is below
Question Group 1:
1.D The main producing area of Ecuadorian roses has a higher altitude and has no advantage in heat compared with other areas; The height difference is huge, and the large difference in heat only has an impact on the variety and type, and has little effect on the quality; Ocean currents have less impact on mountainous areas; The area shown in the picture is volcanic, and it can be seen that the volcanic ash thickness is large, there are a lot of minerals, and the soil is fertile.
2.A The improvement of transportation conditions and the advancement of refrigeration and fresh-keeping technology provide the possibility for long-distance transportation of flowers, and at the same time, Internet sales reduce sales links, which is conducive to the direct sales of Ecuadorian roses to the Chinese market. High-tech cultivation of flower varieties has little to do with the fact that flowers can be sold directly to China.
3.B The sustainable development of Ecuador's rose industry can extend the industrial chain and further process it; Rose fields are located in mountainous areas with high altitudes, with large undulations, and it is not suitable for comprehensive promotion of mechanized production; The ecological environment of mountainous areas at higher altitudes is fragile, and expanding the scale of planting and attracting large numbers of people to move in is not conducive to ecological sustainability.
Question Group 2:
4.B According to the analysis of the map, there is Pune Island off the coast of Guayaquil Port, which can be used as a natural barrier to block the southwest wind, so it is less affected by the storm and the port is calm; Pune Island limits the berthing space for ships; The island narrows the channel, which runs parallel to the southwest wind, which may increase the tidal difference in the port waters; Pune Island divides the channel into east-west channels, which may make the channel shallow, limiting the depth and width of the channel, which is not conducive to navigation.
5.A With the development of the city and the expansion of the port scale, the development of industry, service industry, container transportation, highway and other port-side industries near the port will make the space occupied by the port infrastructure more and more, resulting in the continuous expansion of the port to the flat terrain area; The development of the "port-city separation" model can make the development of the city and the development of the port develop in different directions, so it can reserve development space for the later development of the port; This mode does not make the hinterland of the port larger; Under the influence of this model, the city level has not changed, and the city level has not been improved; The mode does not change the terrain and the terrain restrictions are not reduced.
6.B Ecuador is located in the tropics, where agricultural products from all over the country are distributed, and the country is located in the tropics and is rich in cash crops such as bananas, cocoa and coffee.
Question Group 3:
7. (1) Ecuadorian cities are mainly distributed in the central plateau of the country or along rivers, and there are few cities in the plains; The reason is that the country is located in the tropics, the climate in the plains is too humid and hot, and the plateau is relatively cool.
(2) The rainforest area has a dense river network, which is suitable for the use of canoes; Thin-film batteries have good light and can be used in tropical rainforest areas with more precipitation; Solar energy is clean and renewable energy, and solar canoes are conducive to environmental protection; Reducing the construction of infrastructure such as roads, reducing investment and protecting the rainforest environment; The rainforest area is densely networked with rivers and forests, making land transportation inconvenient.
(3) Unfavorable conditions: the basin is full of pests and dangerous animals, the canoe is too rudimentary, and the protection is poor; There are few sunny days and severe lack of solar radiation; The upstream river has a large difference in section and a rapid current; The land is vast and sparsely populated, and the demand for shipping is small; The local economy is backward, and the capital and technology are insufficient.
Question Group 4:
8. Features: four seasons like spring, mild climate; October ~ April (May) of the following year is the rainy season.
Cause: Located near the equator, the terrain is high; It is controlled by the equatorial depression zone to form a rainy season; The seasonal movement of the trade wind belt (leeward slope) and the cold snap along the coast cool down and reduce humidity.
Question Group 5:
9. (1) Ecuador is located in low latitudes and has abundant rainfall; The terrain is high, mild throughout the year, and the annual temperature difference is small; The terrain is high, the day is hot, the night is cold, and the temperature difference between day and night is large; Direct sunlight and about 12 hours of sunshine throughout the year, sufficient sunlight; Pure water quality; The soil is rich in phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium and other organic fertilizers, making the flowers colorful and of excellent quality. (5 points, 10 points)
(2) Located in the bay, the port has little wind and waves; It is supported by a large city (the city of Guayaquil); There are railways and highways connected to the port, and the transportation is convenient; The economic hinterland is wide and so on. (3 points for any answer, 6 points)
(3) Ecuador is far from the North American and European markets with large demand for flowers, and the cost of air transportation is high; Restrictions on transportation conditions, imperfect infrastructure such as transit warehousing, and inability to meet the needs of the growing export of the flower industry; The technical content is not high, the quality of flowers and the innovation of flower varieties are insufficient; The economy is underdeveloped, the funds are insufficient, affecting the expansion of reproduction, and so on.
Question Group 6:
10. (1) Located at the plate growth boundary, magma erupts along the tensile fracture zone, and gradually piles up after cooling and solidification; Undersea volcanoes continue to grow upwards during eruptions, eventually exposing the sea to form volcanic islands. ”
(2) The island is isolated on the ocean, the natural environment is unique and single, far from the South American continent, and less disturbed by other organisms: located near the equator, there are tropical marine life: marine organisms living in high-latitude seas flow down the ocean to the vicinity of the sea, so that marine organisms with different living habits gather near the sea.
(3) Multiple volcanic activity, unstable geological foundation: arid climate, and small island area, 'water pain theory in the sea area where marine life gathers, the protection of seawater quality in the surrounding sea.
END
Manuscript | White Winter Winter
Edit the | Pang Ersha
Audit | Lin Yanhui