Citrus has been cultivated on the mainland for more than 4,000 years, and the continent is also one of the important origins of citrus cultivation. The citrus family is very large, citrus fruits include citrus, citrus, grapefruit, citrus, sweet orange, lime, kumquat, lemon and other large families.
Kumquat (scientific name: Citrus japonica), also known as kumquat and kumquat, is a plant species in the genus Citrus in the family Rutaceae. It belongs to a niche strain that can be eaten directly with the skin.
Originally from the southern part of the mainland, it is widely distributed and has a long history of cultivation. Li Shizhen, a famous medicinal scientist in the Ming Dynasty, recorded in his magnum opus "Compendium of Materia Medica": Kumquat "its tree is like an orange, not very tall, white flowers in May, fruity, yellow and ripe in autumn and winter, the large one is inch, the small one is like a finger, the shape is long and firm, the texture is fine, the raw is dark green, the ripe is yellow like gold, its taste is sour and fragrant and lovely, the sugar makes honey stains are good, the sex is sour and sweet, warm, non-toxic." Breath fast, quench thirst, wake up, remove odor, and pire good. ”
It was once independently classified as Fortunella, but this species was actually able to cross with multiple species of the genus Citrus to produce hybrids, so it was reclassified in the genus Citrus.
Kumquat is planted in Guangxi, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Taiwan and other places in the mainland, among which the five major production areas are Rong'an and Yangshuo in Guangxi, Suichuan in Jiangxi, Liuyang in Hunan and Youxi in Fujian.
△Distribution map of main production areas of kumquats
In the market, common varieties are oil-skinned kumquat, slippery kumquat and crispy honey kumquat
Kumquat with oil skin
About seven or eight years ago, 90% of the kumquats on the market were oily kumquats. It belongs to the first generation of kumquat varieties, that is, traditional kumquats. There will be oily, numb, and sour taste when eating, and sensitive people will feel a pungent taste, and the lips will feel numb after eating more. However, its efficacy is good, the yield is large, and it is mostly used for processing.
Slippery kumquat
The skin is smooth, bright in color, and there are no microscopic oil particles; Few or no nuclei after incision. The taste is pure and sweet, pulp residue, juicy. After ripening, the sweetness can reach more than 18-20.
Crispy kumquats
In recent years, the purchase price of new varieties has been so high that we usually can't afford to eat, and the current retail price has reached 50 yuan / jin.
Crisp honey kumquat, known as the "third generation" kumquat, is a citrus variety selected by the fruit production technology guidance station of Rong'an County, Liuzhou City, Guangxi Province. It was selected and bred from the natural variation of "Slippery Kumquat" after 7 years, and was officially named "Crisp Honey Kumquat" (trade name: Crisp Honey Kumquat) in 2014, and officially launched in 2017. And has the certificate of plant variety right of the Ministry of Agriculture.
The taste is not spicy, the skin is thin and juicy, the meat is crisp and sweet, extremely slagged, and has a very high commodity value, known as the "Hermes" in the new varieties of kumquats. A single size is like an egg. The fruit ripening period of Liuzhou, Guangxi is from late November to mid-December, the fruit surface is smooth, and the skin is golden yellow, smooth and delicate. Soluble solids reach more than 20%. It is currently the best tasting variety of kumquat.
The flesh of the crispy kumquat is tetraploid and the skin is diploid, which is a chimera. Larger than ordinary kumquats, the fruit is full, the average weight of a single fruit is 20.5g, the largest king can even be nearly 60g, and the juice rate reaches 56.9.
1
Guangxi
Yangshuo kumquat
Yangshuo County is the hometown of kumquats in China, known as "the world's mountains and rivers, kumquats are famous in China". With a long history of planting, due to the unique climate and soil conditions, the kumquat fruits produced are large in shape, excellent in quality, delicious in color and long in supply, and are deeply loved by consumers. Today, Yangshuo is the main producing area with the largest kumquat cultivation area, the highest yield, the best quality and the best benefit in China.
In September 2022, the geographical indication brand "Yangshuo Kumquat" in Yangshuo County was once again shortlisted in the "Top 100 List of Geographical Indication Regional Brands" with a ranking of 86th! The launch time is around mid-November every year.
2
Guangxi
Rongan kumquat
Rong'an County has a history of kumquat cultivation for nearly 300 years. In recent years, the county has vigorously developed the kumquat industry, with a kumquat planting area of 215,000 mu in 2022, with an estimated total output of 220,500 tons and a total output value of 2.85 billion yuan. Kumquat has become one of the pillar industries for promoting rural revitalization.
There are two main varieties, one is: "Rongan slippery kumquat" and the other is "crisp honey kumquat".
In 2022, Rongan Kumquat will be officially listed on November 8.
3
Jiangxi
Suichuan kumquat
Han Yan of the Southern Song Dynasty wrote the following record in his book "Orange Record" (1178 AD): "Kumquats came out of Jiangxi, the northerners did not know it, and Jingyou Zhong went to Biandu, because Empress Wen Cheng loved it, and the price was expensive."
Suichuan kumquat has a total planting area of 130,000 mu, a total output of 59,000 tons, an output value of 181 million yuan, and 41,000 farming households, distributed in 23 townships in the county.
Launch date: Approximately early to mid-November
4
Hunan
Liuyang kumquat
Liuyang kumquat production area is a typical slate shale hilly landform, soil pH value between 5.5-7.5, soil thick, breathable, water and fertilizer retention, rich in a variety of mineral elements, for the growth of Liuyang kumquat provides unique conditions. There is a cultivation history of more than a thousand years, and during the reign of Tongzhi of the Qing Dynasty, the area around Liuyang Daguang, Dahu and Tuanluo produced more than 10,000 quintals of kumquats per year, and was known as the "hometown of kumquats".
Varieties: Golden bullet and kumquat
Launch period: late October to early to mid-December
5
Fujian
Eugene kumquat
In the 50th year of the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty (1711), the "Youxi County Record" contained: "Kumquat, the long golden date, the round known as the kumquat." There is also the mountain kumquat, commonly known as the golden bean. "Youxi is the "hometown of Chinese kumquats", one of the five major production areas of kumquats in China, which is not only a characteristic industry here, but also a national geographical indication product of China. In 2022, the planting area of kumquat in the county will reach 25,000 mu, the output is expected to reach 34,000 tons, and the total output value of the whole industrial chain is expected to reach 128 million yuan.
Launch period: Approximately November to December
In the kumquat market in 2022, Rong'an crisp honey kumquats are in short supply, and the high-end gift box is priced at nearly 100 yuan per catty.
Crispy honey kumquat production area purchase price in November
No. 1 fruit (fruit diameter above 40mm) 30~33 yuan / jin
No. 2 fruit 22~25 yuan / jin
No. 3 fruit 15~16 yuan / jin
No. 4 fruit 9~10 yuan / jin
No. 5 fruit 4~5 yuan / jin
No. 6 fruit 2~3 yuan/jin;
At present, the hottest variety is still crisp honey kumquat, which is a very competitive variety, the market reputation is good, and the market prospect is still very impressive