Asparagus is a perennial herb of the genus Asparagus, its young stem is tender and sweet, nutritious, unique flavor, rich in vitamin B, vitamin A and various trace elements, selenium content comparable to marine fish, is a consumer favorite organic vegetables. At the same time, it has the effect of preventing cancer, treating hypertension, heart disease, etc., improving human immunity, and has a very obvious effect on human health care.
As a less common crop, it also has anti-cancer, treatment of hypertension, heart disease and other effects, improve human immunity, and the effect on human health care is very obvious. The eight techniques of asparagus cultivation are introduced below for your reference.
<h1>(1) Plot selection</h1>
Choose flat terrain, slightly acidic, pH value 5.8~6.7, alluvial soil or fine sand loam soil rich in organic matter, and complete water conservancy facilities.
<h1>(2) Seedlings</h1>
Select high-yielding, high-quality disease-resistant varieties suitable for local cultivation. Water the soles of your feet before sowing and sprinkle octyl thiophos to control underground pests. Asparagus seeds are thick and hard, keratinization is strong, water absorption is difficult, germination is slow, in order to promote asparagus seed germination, it must be germinated before sowing. First rinse the seeds with water, the purpose is to remove the seeds and impurities, and then soak with 50% carbendazim 300 times liquid for 12 h for disinfection, after disinfection, the seeds need to be soaked in warm water of 30 ° C ~ 35 ° C for 2 to 3 days and nights, during the soaking period to change 1 to 2 times a day of water, after the water to be covered with wet gauze or towel, 25 ° C ~ 28 ° C environment germination, 10% of the germs can be sown when the germ is exposed.
<h1>(3) Colonization time</h1>
Nursery is divided into early spring arch nursery and autumn open field nursery. Spring seedlings are slower due to low temperature, and autumn seedling emergence is faster, generally 15 to 20 days. Seedlings are planted from late June to early July in early spring, and harvesting begins in mid-to-late April in the spring of the second year; Autumn seedlings are best planted in mid-to-late March of the second year and harvested in August. Seedlings are generally raised in early spring.
<h1>(4) Colonization method</h1>
When digging colonization ditches, asparagus is generally dug in a north-south direction according to a row spacing of 1.4 to 1.5 m, with a depth and width of 40 to 50 cm. To put the upper mature soil and the lower raw soil separately, after the ditch is dug, apply high-quality coarse fertilizer 3~5 m3, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mixed fertilizer 30~40 kg, pay attention to the ditch backfill first fill the living soil, the ditch is not filled, can be lower than the original ground 3 ~ 5 cm, and irrigation sinking. During colonization, the plant spacing of 0.25~0.3 m is planted according to the line of colonization ditch, and the soil is covered with 4~5 cm after planting, and the soil is solid and watered. After the colonization of slow seedlings, combined with medium tillage, the colonization ditch is gradually filled.
<h1>(5) Field management</h1>
Asparagus likes to fertilize water, and water it in time after colonization. Seedlings were colonized for 20 days and then applied 15-20 kg of urea per mu. When the second batch of young stems will be extracted, 30-40 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mixed fertilizers will be applied per mu, and 20-25 cm of asparagus should be furrowed and watered. Medium cultivation loose soil is mainly after watering or after rain, so that the soil remains loose, timely removal of weeds. To raise the ridge appropriately, the ridge height is 15 to 20 cm, the upper part is 30 to 40 cm wide, and the lower part is 50 to 60 cm wide. Asparagus can be fattened 2 to 3 times a year. After the first spring harvest, 30-40 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mixed fertilizer were applied per mu, and the second time was applied to high-quality coarse fertilizer of 2-3 m3 per mu after the summer harvest was completed. During the harvesting period, it is generally watered 10 to 15 days, which is conducive to the extraction and growth of young stems, and it should be watered after each topdressing.
<h1>(6) Disease prevention and control</h1>
Stem blight, brown spot disease and root rot are the three main diseases of asparagus, emphasizing early medication, strengthening the prevention and control of young stems in the initial stage, spraying conventional protective agents such as 70% daisen manganese zinc 800 times liquid, 50% carbendazim 500 times liquid or 75% bacillus 600 times liquid. At the peak of the disease, therapeutic agents such as 70% methyl tolbuzin wettable powder 600 times liquid or 40% polymanganese zinc 500 times liquid were sprayed for prevention and treatment.
<h1>(7) Pest control</h1>
Asparagus insect pests mainly include thrips, cotton bollworms, beet moths, fourteen-point negative mud worms and so on. Thrips can be controlled with 10% imidacloprid 1,500 times liquid, 80% dichlorvos emulsion 1,500 times liquid, and 25% Akte 3,000 times liquid. Nocturnal moth pests can be controlled with 5% stellaria emulsion 1 000 to 1 500 times liquid or 25% juvenile urea suspension 3 000 to 4 000 times liquid. Fourteen-point negative mud worms are controlled by spraying 50% octyl thiophos emulsion 800 to 1 000 times liquid at the peak of wintering adult excavation.
<h1>(8) Harvest at the right time</h1>
Harvesting begins in mid-April, and all the young stems unearthed are removed without leaving the mother stems. The best time to harvest is from 8:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. When the young stems become thinner and the yield begins to decline, the harvest should be stopped, and 3 to 4 robust female stems should be selected for seedling release, and the summer harvest should be carried out after about 30 days.