Asparagus is a new type of precious vegetable developed in China in recent years, which is rich in nutrition and has a unique medicinal effect. Young stems (shoot buds) contain 93.2% water, protein 1.7%, fat 0.2% and a variety of vitamins and amino acids necessary for the human body, which have anti-arteriosclerosis, inhibit hypertension, heart disease, cystitis, fatigue, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, heart rate overstees, and also have the special function of anti-cancer and cancer treatment. Asparagus is a low-cost, high-yield field cash crop, with a yield of more than 1,000 kilograms per mu in high-yield fields.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > (1) selected seedlings</h1>
1。 Selection of nursery land: Seedlings are generally selected to plant fruit trees, mulberry trees, sweet potatoes, peanuts and other crops, the soil layer is deep and fertile, the groundwater table is low, the water permeability is good, the pH value is 6 to 8, and the sand loam or loam soil with good watering conditions is good.
2。 Fertilization and land preparation: before seedlings, combined with deep ploughing mu, high-quality manure is applied 2500~5000 kg, compound fertilizer is 25 kg. After ploughing, the rake is crushed and leveled, the east and west are made, and the drainage ditch is dug every 20 to 50 meters, and the irrigation canal is repaired on the ground.
3. Insect treatment: asparagus seeds have a thick wax layer, endosperm keratin is hard, water absorption and germination are difficult, and seed treatment must be carried out. The method is to first use cool water to bleach and remove the broken, deflated, insects, and diseased insects. Then soak the seeds with 1/500 carbendazim or tolbuzin for 24 hours, rinse with water, and soak in warm water at 30 to 40 ° for 2 to 3 days, changing the water 3 to 4 times a day. After the seeds are fully absorbed, they are put into pots, covered with wet sand, and germinated at a temperature of about 20C for 1 to 2 days. In order to prevent stuffiness, it can be sown 1 to 2 times a day with wet water, and when the seeds are 10 to 20% "white", they can be sown.
4. Seedling time and method: from early and mid-March to early June, it can be covered with film or open-air seedlings. Early breeders are covered with film, and late breeders are open-air, bounded by mid-April. If the early nursery covers the insulation facilities such as grass dryness, it can be advanced to mid-to-late February. Within a certain range, the earlier the time, the longer the growth period, the greater the annual growth. It laid the foundation for the early harvest of asparagus.
5. Whole furrow sowing: seedling furrows are rounded into 1.1 to 1.2 meters wide, 10 to 15 meters long, furrows are 20 centimeters high and 30 centimeters wide, and the bottom water is irrigated after leveling the furrow surface, and after the water seeps down, the line is made according to the 10 cm plant row spacing, the seed single grain point is on the intersection line, and the fine soil is evenly sieved on the furrow surface with a sieve, with a thickness of 2 to 3 cm. Or after the whole furrow is flattened, the ditch is trenched according to the 10 cm row spacing, the ditch is 3 to 4 cm deep, and the seeds are sown in the ditch according to the 10 cm plant spacing, and then cover the soil with 2 to 3 cm to make the soil solid. Early seedlings need to be covered with plastic film, keep the bed temperature below 30C during the day, higher than 15C at night, about 10 to 15 days after the emergence of seedlings, about 25 days to seedlings. However, it should be noted that with impotence seedlings, the temperature in the membrane should not exceed 32C.
6。 Seedbed management: After the seedlings are unearthed, because the seedlings are small and susceptible to grass and insect pests, in order to prevent ants, U and golden needle worms, 3% furandan granules can be mixed with poison bait for control. Generally 1 kg of 3% furandan mixed with fine sand 15 kg or wheat bran 2 kg. If aphids and blind bugs are found in the excavated seedlings, they can be controlled with 1000 times the Leguo emulsion.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > (ii) moved to</h1>
1. Preparation before colonization:
(1) Land selection, trenching, fertilization, ditch filling: The colonization site should choose sandy loam soil and loam soil rich in organic matter, and have good drainage and irrigation conditions. Asparagus is most afraid of standing water, and should not be colonized on land with high groundwater level and easy to flood in summer and autumn.
After the selection of land, on the basis of deep turning and leveling, according to the north-south direction, every 1.8 to 2.0 meters to dig a colonization ditch, the width of the ditch is 40 to 50 cm, the depth of the ditch is 40 to 50 cm, 5000 kg of soil mixed with soil per mu is filled into the ditch, and then 3 to 5 cm of cushion soil is filled, so that the ditch surface is 10 to 15 cm lower than the original ground, and the bottom of the ditch is arched, and the whole is finely tailored.
(2) Seedlings: Seedling colonization can be carried out when more than 3 stems grow on the ground of asparagus seedlings. The larger the seedlings, the more difficult it is to slow down the survival of the seedlings. When raising seedlings, cut into squares along the shoot seedling rows, try to avoid hurting the roots and stems, and transport the planted fields for cutting. If the bed soil is too shallow, you can water the permeable moist soil 1 to 2 days before the seedlings.
2. Colonization and post-planting management: during colonization, along the middle line of the colonization ditch every 25 to 30 cm to 1 plant, the depth of colonization generally makes the rhizome junction of the seedlings 10 to 15 cm below the surface. Cover the soil, water naturally collapse, after the water seeps down slightly dry, the loose soil is protected against drought. 80 to 40 days after colonization can be combined with watering, and 1 to 25 kg of compound fertilizer can be applied per mu. Water once before and after the winter to ensure its safe overwintering. If there is aphid or blind bugs, 1000 times the amount of Leguo liquid can be sprayed for control. After the stem withers and yellows, cut off 10 cm from the ground. After winter, cultivate soil 5 to 10 cm, insulation and preservation.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > (3) bamboo shoot year management</h1>
Bamboo shoot fields with good growth and lush foliage in the early years of colonization can be harvested in the second year. If the growth is not good, the bamboo shoots are picked in the third year. Prevent reluctant harvesting from affecting the yield and quality of the shoots. The plot management of bamboo shoots has five links: Qingyuan, Peilang, Bamboo Shoots, Flat Ridge, and Growth Period Management.
1. Qingyuan: Generally in the middle of March, when the ground temperature of 5 to 10 cm rises to above 5C, the Qingyuan begins. First remove the stubble and fallen leaves, spray 1/500 carbendazim or tolbuzin on the ground for plots with diseases and insect pests, and then loosen the soil, generally 10 cm is appropriate. Ditch at 20 cm from the plant, apply compound fertilizer 10 to 15 kg/mu, urea 5~10 kg/mu.
2。 Peilang: After the garden is cleared, the peilang will be carried out in late March. It is usually carried out half a month before the bamboo shoots are picked. Draw a line between the rows of two rows of asparagus, and take the soil between the rows to cultivate the asparagus rows. The ridge shape is isosceles trapezoidal, 20 to 40 cm wide on the top, 50 to 70 cm wide at the bottom, and 25 to 35 cm high. When cultivating ridges, it is necessary to do not be biased, not to hurt the "roots, ridges straight, evenly covered soil, to avoid light and breathability." In addition, the height of the ridge can be adjusted according to the production requirements. The production of white shoot ridges should be appropriately high, and the production of green shoots can be appropriately lower, or even not cultivated.
3. Bamboo shoots: Bamboo shoots can grow in the second half of the month after planting ridges, and generally start picking bamboo shoots in early April. When there is a "crack" and a "top cover" on the ridge surface, the white shoots can be taken. Green shoots are taken after 5 cm of young stems are unearthed. The harvest of bamboo shoots ends before sunrise each day. The first year of bamboo shoots can be harvested continuously for 20 to 30 days, the second year can be taken for 40 to 50 days; after the third year, it can be taken for 60 to 70 days, and can not be picked over the head shoots; often began to appear thin, curved bamboo shoots, and stopped when the amount of bamboo shoots was significantly small. When picking bamboo shoots, gently pick the soil with your hands, then pinch the tip of the bamboo shoots and cut them from the base with a bamboo shoot knife. When the knife is lowered, pay attention not to hurt the unexposed bamboo shoots, generally leaving 2 to 3 cm stubble. After harvesting, the bamboo shoot hole is sealed with wet soil, and the shooting is consistent with the original tightness. The length of bamboo shoots should be according to the requirements of processing specifications, generally 12 to 17 cm. Too long and too short will affect the quality of the yield. The harvested bamboo shoots should be placed in the bamboo shoots box, covered with a damp cloth, avoid air drying, light, and ensure quality.
4. Flat Ridge: On the day of the suspension of mining, usually, choose a sunny day. In order to promote its full growth and high yield in the coming year, 5,000 kg/mu of high-quality miscellaneous fertilizer and 15 to 25 kg/mu of compound fertilizer are usually applied to the ditches on both sides of the bamboo shoot ridge, and then the flat ridge is spread to both sides to expose the original ground. Water in time after the ridge is flattened to promote the rapid growth of the plant and store enough nutrients for the next year's long shoots.
5。 Growth period management: the management after the flat ridge is better or worse with the yield and quality of the next year, and the fertilizer is applied sufficiently during the flat ridge, and the early growth period can not be topdressed. After 10 to 15 days after the untended ridge, 15 to 25 kg/mu of compound fertilizer was applied between rows, and thereafter, according to the appearance and growth trend, the fertilizer was watered as appropriate. Pay attention to the last 1 fertilizer water, not too late, to prevent the occurrence of spring buds and autumn sprouts, and reduce the yield of the following year.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > (iv) pest control</h1>
1. Disease: root rot and stem blight, is the main disease affecting the growth of adult shoots, in addition to combining with qingyuan for pharmaceutical control, during the growth period can be sprayed with the same concentration of medicinal solution, the same effect can be obtained.
2. Insect pests: The main pests that harm asparagus during the growth period are fourteen-point negative mud worms and ruler species, which can be controlled with 800 times the liquid of 90% enemy insects or 80% of the dichlorvos 800 times liquid. Attention should also be paid to the control of underground pests. It is forbidden to use pesticides during the bamboo shoot picking period to prevent pollution of young shoots and affect the quality.