Written by: Ah Yue | Editor-in-charge: Ah Yue | Image: Huang Zai
Hello everyone! Today is the new issue of "No. 11 Lab" that Ah Yue brings to you.
Indulgence is precious, health is more expensive, this issue will broadcast some "health" related research, come and see it together~
In this issue you will see:
Paralyzed to chase the drama for a while, the blood clots began to grow
Night shift people, night shift souls, night shift people carefully find the door
Is excessive and low-carb water intake associated with high mortality? Can you still eat well?
Salt overload caused by cerebral hypoxia? And a high-salt diet say bye-bye
Paralyzed to chase the drama for a while, the blood clots began to grow
Do you think the following scene is familiar?
Find a good drama, immediately prepare snacks, open the tablet, can not tolerate half a delay, must be chased in one breath, a few hours have passed carelessly; Dad lies motionless on the sofa after dinner, half asleep and half awake "watching" TV, before he has time to help him turn it off, he will be yelled that he can't turn it off.
Watching TV to kill time is a joy, but too much time can have potential health risks.
An article published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology titled "Watching TV and Venous Thromboembolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" found that watching TV for long periods of time may increase the risk of venous thrombosis (VTE).
▲Image source: References[1]
Arterial thrombotic disease (CVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease) and venous thromboembolism (VTE; including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism) are two closely related diseases with common risk factors (eg, obesity and smoking) and pathophysiological pathways (eg, coagulation, platelet activation, and dyslipidemia).
It has been suggested that physical inactivity or long-term sedentary behavior increases the risk of vascular-related diseases (including CVD and VTE), while watching television is one of the common sedentary (lack of physical activity) behaviors; conversely, regular physical activity can reduce the risk of CVD and VTE.
The underlying mechanisms are:
Prolonged sitting increases the risk of adverse risk factors such as weight, hypertension and lipids;
Increased risk of systemic inflammation;
Increases plasma viscosity and platelet aggregation;
Prolonged venous return of the sitting extremities is obstructed.
Other relevant factors may also be related to watching TV and snacking more. While watching TV for a long time, getting up regularly to rest or engage in other physical activities may be a favorable factor for preventing VTE.
Although the study explored the correlation between watching television and developing venous thromboembolism (VTE), it can still be applied to most sedentary activities in life. Work and study are important, and good TV dramas are indeed attractive, but it is not worth the loss to watch TV or other sedentary behaviors that harm their health.
Therefore, when sitting for a long time, you may wish to remind yourself: for health, try to eat less snacks, rest regularly, and maintain certain activities and exercise.
▲ Image source: Giphy
Night shift people, night shift souls, night shift people carefully find the door
Friends who pay attention to the field of health may know that in the data released by the WHO, the top ten causes of death in the world are cardiovascular diseases, and the news of overtime or sudden death at night has been endless, and it is mostly related to cardiovascular disease.
Actively stay up late to indulge yourself for pleasure, passively stay up late to work to make a living, you have to work overtime or night shift friends, the moment you see the schedule, is your little heart okay?
An article published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology revealed that long night shifts are associated with the risk of developing atrial fibrillation and coronary heart disease.
▲Image source: References[2]
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common clinical arrhythmia, with approximately 37.6 million people worldwide suffering from atrial fibrillation, including 3 million new-onset atrial fibrillation patients, and more than 2 million people dying from atrial fibrillation.
Risk factors associated with the development of atrial fibrillation, including obesity, sleep apnea, hypertension, diabetes, and other lifestyle changes. There is evidence that shift work, especially night shift work, has adverse effects on personal health and organ function, such as night shifts may break the body's circadian rhythms, affecting metabolism and hormone secretion, while the effects of long-term night shifts may be more pronounced.
To investigate whether longer hours and more frequent night shifts were associated with a higher risk of atrial fibrillation, the study included the results of the Night Shift Frequency Questionnaire and Disease Records of 283 657 participants in the UK Biobank (UKB), and after more than 10 years of follow-up, statistical analysis showed that night shifts were associated with the onset of atrial fibrillation, and the greater the frequency of night shifts, the higher the correlation.
In addition, night shifts also increase the risk of coronary heart disease, but do not increase the risk of stroke or heart failure. Reducing the frequency and duration of night shifts may be another way to improve heart health during work life, but further research is needed.
Physical and mental pressure is a common problem among contemporary young people, but life is their own, everyone's choices and efforts are worthy of respect, sometimes too fast may as well stop and rest, let yourself breathe. When faced with workplace oppression, it is even more necessary to firmly say NO and protect yourself in an appropriate and legal way.
▲ Image source: Giphy
Is excessive and low-carb water intake associated with high mortality? Can you still eat well?
In the modern era when the Internet is more and more developed, people have more ways to obtain information. What used to be an individualized treatment plan for certain groups of dietitians and exercise specialists has evolved into an efficient weight loss method shared by various influencers and celebrities, which is close to "not eating".
Carbohydrates, one of the three major sources of nutrition, are important for our health and daily life, so what are the adverse results of excessive and insufficient intake?
A prospective cohort study and meta-analysis published in the journal Lancet Public Health found that low carbohydrate intake (70%) was associated with a higher risk of death.
▲Image source: References[3]
The study included 15,428 adults aged 45 to 64 years in four communities in the United States between 1987 and 1989 to obtain data on participants' carb intake by distributing a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). After 25 years of follow-up, a total of 6283 deaths occurred, suggesting that low carbohydrate intake (70%) had a greater risk of death than moderate intake, with the lowest risk of death at 50 to 55%.
The researchers also added this study to existing meta-analyses, and after a comprehensive analysis, it was found that increased consumption of lipids and proteins in animals was associated with a significant increase in all-cause mortality (p
▲Image source: References[3]
The health effects of high carb water intake are well known, and the potential for low-carbon water with a high risk of death is that large amounts of animal lipids and proteins replace carbohydrate intake, and the saturated fatty acids they contain are not conducive to good health. People who are accustomed to plant-based protein and fat intake, such as vegetables, nuts, peanut butter, and whole grain bread, have lower mortality rates, suggesting that food sources alter the relationship between carbohydrate intake and mortality.
As a typical representative of carb intake, we have now recognized the adverse effects of excessive carbs and tried to improve the diet structure, but blindly following the "ketogenic diet" or the "diet diet" that is almost on hunger strike may be counterproductive and detrimental to good health, and the diet of high animal fat in Western countries is not worth learning.
How to choose, how to eat, but also according to their own BMI, lifestyle, etc., to find the most suitable for their own solution. But leaving aside other factors, eating and drinking is the simplest and ultimate happiness!
▲ Image source: Giphy
Salt overload caused by cerebral hypoxia? And a high-salt diet say bye-bye
As a common chronic disease, the daily management of diabetes and hypertension is well known to everyone, diabetes needs to control sugar, and one of the principles of ABCDE treatment of hypertension is to reduce salt intake. In addition to being associated with high blood pressure, what are the adverse effects of salt load?
An article published in Cell Reports magazine titled Inverse neurovascular coupling contributes to positive feedback excitation of vasopressin neurons during a systemic homeostatic challenge Studies have pointed out that excessive salt load can easily lead to cerebral vasoconstriction and local hypoxia.
▲Image source: References[4]
The researchers injected hypertonic saline (HTS) intravenously into rats and observed vascular changes with in vivo two-photon imaging technology, and found that compared with the infusion of isotonic saline, the arteriolar blood vessels infused with hypertonic saline were significantly constricted, and the partial pressure of oxygen (SONpo2) of son tissue decreased rapidly and gradually. SON is a deep region of the brain with unique cellular structural properties, characterized by high vascularization, and also contains a group of neuropeptideergic neurons expressing antidiuretic hormone (VP) that restore and maintain fluid homeostasis.
That is to say, excessive salt load will cause cerebral arteriole vasoconstriction and blood flow to decrease, resulting in cerebral hypoxia, and eventually brain tissue damage.
Although the wine is good, it should not be greedy, and although the heavy oil and salt food is delicious, it should not be consumed in excess. When a good teacher says, "I've eaten more salt than you've eaten," everyone can warn each other about how bad it is to eat salt, of course, this is just a joke. Our original intention is still to hope that everyone will eat a healthy diet and have a good body and mind.
▲ Image source: Giphy
Well, this issue of "No.11lab" will be shared here, don't look at it, hurry up from the chair and move your body! Don't forget to share it with friends and family to keep them away from unhealthy lifestyles
Finally, if you can like or follow, that is the biggest encouragement to us!
I love the world.
bibliography
[1] Kunutsor, S.K., R.S. Dey and J.A. Laukkanen, Television viewing and venous thrombo-embolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, 2021.
[2] Wang, N., et al., Long-term night shift work is associated with the risk of atrial fibrillation and coronary heart disease[J]. European Heart Journal, 2021. 42(40): p. 4180-4188.
[3] Seidelmann, S.B., et al., Dietary carbohydrate intake and mortality: a prospective cohort study and meta-analysis[J]. The Lancet Public Health, 2018. 3(9): p. e419-e428.
[4] Roy, R.K., et al., Inverse neurovascular coupling contributes to positive feedback excitation of vasopressin neurons during a systemic homeostatic challenge[J]. Cell reports, 2021. 37(5): p. 109925.