Hubble's story and the development of the telescope
After the star explodes, its high-energy material and the light emitted are emitted into space at an alarming rate.
(Image credit: NASA, ESA, R. Sankrit and W. Blair (JHU))
One week four hundred years ago (October 9, 1604), a previously unseen star appeared in the night sky, which was brighter than all other stars.
The German astronomer Johannes Kepler studied the star for a year and wrote a book about it called De Stella Nova. In the 1940s, scientists confirmed that the nova was an exploding star and named it Kepler Supernova.
Since the event in 1604, no supernovae have been found in the Milky Way.
Thanks to the combined efforts of three powerful space observatories, scientists have finally captured a color image showing expanding clouds of gas and dust in the remnants of supernovae. This image can help astronomers understand these violent and mysterious events.
This scene is about 13,000 light-years away.
Close-up images
NASA claims to have had three bursts of energy in distant galaxies, which could be a signal that the star is about to explode. This is how most giant stars end their lives, and some black holes are formed as a result.
The early detection of such supernovae is a boon for astronomers, as they have not yet been able to completely... Solve for the various phenomena that occur when a star is about to disappear. Supernovae created all the elements of the universe—including planets, plants, and people. The stages of the explosion simulated by the computer resemble the flow of lava lamps.
At this point, the scientists didn't care what was actually going on, focusing only on the remnants of Kepler supernovae and similar explosions nearby.
In the photo released, the exploding star is surrounded by bubble-like gas and dust 14 light-years wide. Astronomers say the bubble layer is expanding at a speed of 40,000 miles per hour (2,000 kilometers per second) and violently impacting the surrounding interstellar matter, creating shock waves that churn molecules and produce light of all wavelengths.
The image combines visible light data collected by the Chandra X-ray Observatory, the Infrared Spitzer Space Telescope, and the Hubble Space Telescope.
Color-coded
Infrared and X-rays that are invisible to the naked eye are colored so that astronomers can analyze the image data.
Ravi Sankrit of Johns Hopkins University said: "Multi-wavelength research is absolutely necessary to fully understand the evolution of supernova remnants."
The visible light is marked yellow to indicate that the shock wave of the supernova hits the area with the highest density of gas around it. According to the researchers, "bright knots" are thick clumps of unstable material that follow the shock wave. The filaments show the trajectory of shock waves through more evenly distributed and denser interstellar matter.
The red-labeled infrared data showed tiny dust particles affected by the thermal energy of the shock wave. Blue shows X-rays emitted by extremely hot gases or squeezed very energetic particles; green indicates the low-energy X-rays released by cooler gases.
William Blair, a Johns Hopkins Fellow and one of the leaders of the study, said that "after analyzing all this data, we can learn several important questions about this mysterious object.""
Kepler supernova remnants are just one of several that are being studied. The material that forms in space after the explosion of a dying star takes on a variety of stunning shapes. Interestingly, our solar system is in a vast cavity with holes and tunnels chiseled out of exploding stars long ago.
The Space Telescope Science Institute, which operates hubbells for NASA, provides some of the following questions and answers related to Kepler supernovae.
How often does a star explode into a supernova?
In galaxies like the Milky Way, a supernova erupts about every 100 years. Due to the presence of interstellar dust, we cannot see every supernova produced in the Milky Way from Earth.
The Kepler supernova discovered 400 years ago is the last supernova we have seen in the Milky Way. According to the data, we should have observed another star explosion long ago. But 30 years after Tycho Brahe witnessed a stellar explosion in the Milky Way, Kepler supernova exploded. The most recently observed 1987A supernova was observed by astronomers in 1987 in the Great Magellanic Cloud, immediately adjacent to the Milky Way.
Why are supernovae so important?
All stars use nuclear fusion to make heavy chemical elements like carbon and oxygen, in the process where lighter elements fuse together to form heavier ones. The high temperatures and pressures of supernova explosions produced many chemical elements heavier than iron, such as gold and uranium; these elements enriched the interstellar medium, providing the basic elements for stars and planets such as Earth.
What kind of stars produce supernovae?
There are two types of stars that produce supernovae. The first is a Type Ia supernova, which is produced by burning in the core of a star. Such stars are called white dwarfs, and they suck hydrogen from a companion star, thus making it 1.4 times larger than the Sun (known as the Chandrasekhar Limit). The excess volume causes the white dwarf's carbon and other chemical elements to burn explosively.
Stars with a mass of 8 times more than the Sun produce a second type of supernova, a type II supernova. When a star runs out of nuclear fuel, the core collapses. The surrounding circle hits the core and bounces back, tearing apart the outer layer of material.
This supernova was first discovered in 1604, was that when the star exploded?
No, the explosion occurred thousands of years ago, but the light from the explosion did not reach Earth until 1604. Why did it take so long for the light to reach us? It has to do with distance. The supernova is located about 13,000 light-years from Earth. A light-year is the distance that light can travel in a year — about 6 trillion miles (10 trillion kilometers).
The supernova is 13,000 light-years away, so it would take 13,000 years for the light from the exploding star to reach Earth.
BY: Robert Roy Britt
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