*For medical professionals only
Understand the science of home isolation, protect yourself, protect your family!
On the evening of April 13, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention WeChat public account "China Disease Control Dynamics" released the "Requirements for the Prevention and Control of People in Home Isolation" (with a picture at the end of the article) in the form of a map to read and understand, which aroused widespread concern.
Image from: China Disease Control Dynamics
In response to the hot topic of "home isolation", virology expert Chang Rongshan also combined various epidemic prevention and control guidelines issued at home and abroad in the past two years, systematically sorted out and analyzed, and answered 13 common problems encountered in home isolation from a personal perspective.
The following is the original text of the Q&A.
1. Who can't stay home?
Referring to various measures taken by various countries during the epidemic prevention and control period, the following groups of people are not suitable for home isolation:
Partially vaccinated or unvaccinated persons aged 70 years and older;
Children under 3 months of age;
Pregnant women of gestational age of 36 weeks and above;
Pregnant women who have been partially vaccinated or not vaccinated.
People with serious underlying diseases: such as diabetes, cor pulmonale, kidney dialysis, advanced cancer patients, autoimmune diseases, chronic pulmonary obstruction, and other immunocompromised patients.
2. What kind of home can't be used?
Home isolation requires staying in a specific room as much as possible, and cannot be used as a home isolation place if the following facilities are not available:
1. There is no single, well-sealed separate room;
2. The door and window of the room are not well sealed, the air leaks, or the roof is damaged and leaks rain;
3. Rooms with leaky floors or floors cannot be used as home isolation rooms.
3. How does home isolation prevent infection of co-occupants?
Keep as far away as possible from the co-occupants, try not to share items, and kill them in time after using the shared items, so that you can not infect the co-occupants.
The traditional chinese block diagrams in this article all come from
https://www.coronavirus.gov.hk
When isolating at home, keep the door to other rooms closed as much as possible, and co-residents should not enter the isolation room, and wear a mask when there is a special emergency to enter. The windows facing the outside can also be ventilated twice a day. If the outdoor wind is strong, such as a level 4 wind or more, it is recommended not to open the window. The peak period of detoxification of asymptomatic infected people is generally in the 3rd, 4th, 5th few days, but also the brightest few days of the T line when antigen detection, it is possible to transmit it to the outdoors through the window through the aerosol during this period, it is recommended to open the window to open the window to open the small opening, control in a short period of time, other time periods, open the window is not much risk of transmission. When cooking in the kitchen, the range hood should also try not to use it during the peak period of detoxification. The best way is to have the co-occupants cook and send them into the room, and when you briefly open the door to deliver food, keep a distance of 2 meters, and wear masks on both sides. For other residents of the same building, especially those living under the home quarantine, do not open the window, although the risk of transmission is very, very small, it can be said that it is rarely reported, it is a very low probability event, far lower than the probability of winning the lottery.
4. What should people in home isolation avoid?
Home isolation people mainly stay in a separate living space, it is best to have a separate bathroom, do not leave the room unnecessarily, open the door to wear a mask strictly (KN95 or double surgical mask, but also often replaced).
Stay away from cohabitants and pets.
If you need to contact others, wear a mask and try to avoid sharing items with others.
5. How to deal with waste when isolating at home?
When isolating at home, the most important waste is sputum, snot and other secretions, which need to be collected and treated centrally, and these wastes are best collected in a double-layer plastic bag, and then poured with disinfectant, and after the end of isolation, they are collected and treated by the staff of the Centers for Disease Control.
6. What disinfection products do I need to use when I am isolated at home?
Disinfection products are mainly used for:
1. Clean the surfaces of objects in the home regularly, and clean and disinfect the high-touch surfaces (such as door handles, tables, handles, light switches and countertops) in the "ward" and the bathroom;
2. In the case of conditions, the disinfection of the room air, such as the use of negative ions to kill, when inhabited, can not use ultraviolet lamps.
These products include chlorine disinfectant, 84 disinfectant, 75% alcohol and many more.
7. How to deal with emergencies in home isolation?
When isolating at home, it is necessary to ensure 24-hour communication with the residential community and community, and when living alone, if the following situations occur, seek outside help in time.
First of all, sudden respiratory distress, or high fever, before home isolation, if possible, prepare a finger oximeter (about 150 yuan) and a thermometer, record blood oxygen and body temperature every day, so that you can maintain a timely understanding of the physical condition.
Secondly, vomiting or diarrhea, at this time, first dispose of yourself, if the situation is serious, or need the timely help of external medical personnel. According to the "Diagnosis and Treatment Plan for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Ninth Edition)", whether adults or children, in the resting state, the oxygen saturation ≤ 93%, that is, severe illness, need to seek medical treatment as soon as possible.
8. How to conduct self-sampling and self-testing in home isolation?
When staying at home, it is recommended to use an antigen rapid inspection card, and it is necessary to operate strictly in accordance with the instructions. Self-sampling, including nasopharyngeal swabs, and collection of saliva samples. These samples are best collected, preferably self-sampled. Nasopharyngeal swabs that need to be sent to the outdoors for nucleic acid testing can be self-sampled, put into the sampling tube containing the virus inactivated solution, put themselves inside the gate, taken away by the management personnel outside the door, try to avoid close contact, and do not be assisted by co-residents to sample, if they can not complete self-sampling, may be psychological factors or nervousness, etc., in this case, it is recommended to cancel home isolation, go to other isolation places to isolate as well.
9. How long is it appropriate to stay at home?
According to the current ninth edition of the diagnosis and treatment guidelines, antigen test negative, 2 nucleic acid test review to negative, you can end home isolation, the time is generally 5-7 days, most of them in 5 days, less than 7 days, 10 days also have, are within the normal range, but the individual differences are different.
10. What are the adjuvant medications at home?
Self-limiting diseases can heal themselves, mostly by their own immunity. In most cases, these symptoms are caused by cytokines activated and released by the immune system, so they are relatively unspecific and difficult for patients to judge on their own, but as long as some common drugs are used, the discomfort of the body can be alleviated. These flu-like symptoms include: low-grade fever, runny nose, nasal congestion, dry cough, trembling, chills, discomfort (not all, generally partially) This is the early symptom; later generally there will be cough, dry cough, sputum cough, diarrhea, loss of appetite, body pain and nausea (not all, some have, the time distribution is not sequential), severe sore throat, drinking water is uncomfortable, but these symptoms, adults are generally tolerable, short 1, 2 days, long 3, 4 days, these symptoms are gone, basically self-healing.
Medications to be prepared at home are as follows.
Fever: The most important thing is to control body temperature, to measure body temperature in time, take body temperature twice a day, and do not let the body temperature exceed 39 ° C. If the body temperature exceeds 38.5 ° C, it is necessary to take antipyretic drugs as prescribed by a doctor to reduce fever, such as ibuprofen suspension and acetaminophen suspension.
Cough: When symptoms of cough appear, if the cough is not severe, no medication is required. You can eat more fruits, such as pears, which can play a role in moisturizing the lungs and relieving cough. If the cough is heavy and affects rest and sleep, some expectorants can be taken orally for cough treatment, and these drugs can be purchased and sent through community volunteers and community service personnel.
Other drugs: Antibiotics should only be used if it is confirmed that they have a co-bacterial infection.
If you have a serious condition, such as shortness of breath, palpitations, or chest pain, it is recommended to apply for medical assistance.
11. What are the precautions for using public toilets and baths at home?
When staying at home, it is recommended to use the bathroom alone, or share the bathroom with co-occupants. After using the flush toilet, be sure to cover the toilet lid and press the drain button, then wash your hands, and then use disinfectant to clean the edge of the toilet and the inner surface of the toilet lid, and the wash basin also needs to be cleaned with disinfectant. After doing this, be sure to open the bathroom door for ventilation, at least 10 minutes later, other people can use, when using, it is recommended to wear a mask, after use, follow the same method to clean the bathroom. When using the bathroom, do not open the ventilation fan, close the doors and windows, hot water and steam can kill the coronavirus, try to compress the bath time, wash it, spray disinfectant in the bathroom, it is recommended to buy a mobile UV lamp, turn on the bathroom air and surface disinfection for half an hour. Only after doing all this can cohabitants use the bathroom again.
The vent of the floor drain in the bathroom is recommended to be sealed with tape, and the normal drainage outlet is safe as long as it is not blocked.
12. What is good to eat in isolation at home?
Home isolation, the most important thing is to ensure a peaceful mood, relax the mentality, know that they are infected with a self-limiting infectious disease that can heal themselves, as long as they maintain good and usual similar eating habits, their immune system will clear the source of infection in the body within 5-7 days, will not get sick, and will not turn into pneumonia. Drinking, spicy food, overeating are inappropriate, and smoking is not conducive to turning yin. If conditions permit, eating some vitamins will scavenge free radicals in the body and help the body recover.
13. How do you view home isolation?
Staying at home is determined by asymptomatic positive infections on the premise that no transmission occurs. However, the COVID-19 pandemic is a huge public health event that must be agreed upon by individuals and health authorities to sign a letter of commitment that requires people in home isolation to strictly follow the agreement. Health authorities, taking the initiative to provide various guarantees of home isolation, is their obligation.
Asymptomatic infected people, residence and co-occupants are in line with the physical conditions of home, I can also strictly follow the home isolation agreement, under the premise of consensus between the two sides, home isolation is a kind of active prevention and control of the spread of the epidemic measures, but also a last resort option, for individuals, to society, is nothing more than a low-cost, high-return public health option, although not the best.
Source: China Disease Control Dynamics
Source: Grassroots Medical Voices in the Medical Community
Author: Chang Rongshan
Editor-in-charge: Zheng Huaju
Proofreader: Zang Hengjia
Plate making: Wang Juan