Qianjiang Evening News Hourly News Reporter Ma Li
1.
In early March 1978, Wang Xufeng, who had returned from the factory, sat in Classroom 129 of the History Department of Hangzhou University, a staircase classroom.
After a ten-year hiatus, the first recruitment, the history department of This hangzhou university is divided into two classes, more than 70 students, the largest and youngest difference of 14 years. The eldest, Jin Ruzong, is in his 30s, has three children, and before going to college, he was busy working in the farmland almost every day; Gong Guoqing, the youngest in the class, is only a teenager.
Before and after Wang Xufeng, sat Song Weiping and Shou Bainian. Later, this class had a name: Hangzhou University History Department 77 myth, plus a super long prefix: more than 10 well-known real estate developers + 2 Forbes rich people + 1 Mao Dun Literature Award winner.
The first lesson, Prehistory. what? Never heard of it at all.
Teacher Mao came.
A brown cotton jacket with ha blue buttons and a gray scarf.
"I was completely blind and blind" Wang Xufeng, who had never seen the world, had never seen the appearance of that generation of intellectuals, and when he saw this "Teacher Mao" in front of him, he was confused. Is there such a person in the world? Shuai is not the main one, the temperament revealed by Hun hun is completely Lu Jiachuan in "Song of Youth".
Musically trained baritone with a southern Mandarin. Grasshoppers in the ocean, single-celled creatures, seawater, sunlight, talk about how man came to be — that's how he opened. Ancient Egyptian civilization, Nile, Euphrates, cuneiform... Wang Xufeng had never heard of this knowledge at all, the world was so vast and the history was so long, it was too novel.
What did Teacher Mao grow up eating? In our current words, it is certainly not just cute to eat.
In the summer of 1945, Mao Zhaoxi was admitted to the Longquan Branch of Zhejiang University in Longquan. In August, the Japanese surrendered, and the school informed them that the new students would report to Hangzhou in October, the Department of History and Geography of the Faculty of Letters.
At that time, Zhejiang University had a rule that science and engineering students must choose some liberal arts courses, and liberal arts students must also choose some science courses. He chose Mr. Dong's General Biology and used Woodroff's General Biology.
Dong Yumao, director of the West Lake Museum (the predecessor of the Zhejiang Provincial Museum), and the leader of Shi Xingen. In 1936, Dong Yumao attached great importance to Shi Xingen's new discoveries in his hometown of Liangzhu, and immediately made a decision, and the museum submitted to the Central Antiquities Preservation Committee to obtain a mining license in accordance with the provisions of Article 8 of the Antiquities Preservation Law promulgated by the National Government at that time, which was the first scientific archaeological excavation of the Liangzhu culture.
Director Dong has a relationship with Mao Zhaoxi.
Mao Zhaoxi's father, Mao Luzhen, a professor in the Department of Mathematics at Zhejiang University, is a colleague with Su Buqing, and Dong Yumao is Mao Luzhen's old colleague and good friend. In 1937, the Anti-Japanese War army was revived, and the West Lake Museum went to southern Zhejiang, and the museum's collections were preserved in the shuinan of Longquan. Mao Zhaoxi followed his family to Longquan, lived in Dong Yumao's house for a semester, watched the museum staff go up the mountain to hunt birds, came back to make specimens, he also ran, the seeds of the museum, at this time planted.
Return to the prehistory that amazed Wang Xufeng. The study of world prehistory in Zhejiang began in the 1940s. In 1946, the Institute of History and Geography of the College of Literature of Zhejiang University established an anthropology group, chaired by the famous anthropologist Professor Wu Dingliang. In 1947, the Anthropology Group was separated from the Institute of Historical Geography and established a separate Department of Anthropology, offering courses in the prehistory of the world, such as archaeology, fossil anthropology, prehistory, and human evolution.
In 1948, the Department of Anthropology of Zhejiang University set up the Institute of Anthropology, which successively enrolled 8 graduate students, of which Mao Zhaoxi was one of them.
When he was young, Mao Zhaoqing could no longer be described as handsome.
Anthropology was an unpopular discipline at that time, before the founding of New China, there were only two universities in the country with anthropology departments, and there were very few students reading this department, and of course even fewer graduate students, but the teachers who taught the class were all top streams, look at the Caste who gave Mao Zhaoxi lessons-
Wu Dingliang's "Physical Anthropology", "General Anthropology", "Anthropometry", Ma Changshou's "Cultural Anthropology", Tian Rukang's "Regional Ethnography" and "Fieldwork Methods", Xia Nai's "Archaeology", Liu Xian's "Fossil Anthropology", Sha Menghai's "Chinese Antiquities" and so on.
There were only a few students who attended the lecture with Mao Zhaoxi, and later, they became the pioneers of China's cultural and cultural undertakings - Shi Xingbang, Mao Zhaoxi, Wu Ruzuo, Zhang Yunpeng and so on.
In 1952, the department was adjusted, and the Department of Anthropology of Zhejiang University was merged into the Department of Biology of Fudan University, and the Department of Anthropology of the Department of Biology of Fudan University was formed, and the teachers who taught anthropological research were merged into the Department of History of Fudan University. Mao Zhaoxi was the only one who stayed in Hangzhou to teach, and his research direction was world prehistory.
In the 1950s, Mao Zhaoxi built a cultural relics exhibition room in the Department of History at Hangzhou University, and he took students to visit. In 1977, when the Department of History was established, he also vigorously advocated the establishment of elective courses, and Mr. Yang Zhaodi, then the general secretary of the Party Branch of the Department of History (Yang Zhaodi, after thirty years of teaching at Hangzhou University, entered politics with literature and became the deputy secretary of the Hangzhou Municipal Cpc Committee of the Communist Party of China) strongly supported it, and the elective course system of the Department of History was finally established.
In the spring of 1997, at the 20th anniversary alumni association of the 77th Grade History Department of Hangzhou University, in the conference room of the school, Mr. Mao returned to give everyone a lesson: stone tombs on the Korean Peninsula.
Although funny, Mao Zhaoxi will not please the students, and will not tell a joke to let the students into the play. He doesn't do weird stuff, doesn't make people laugh, overrepresent, or be incredible. He's measured.
In 1989, Wang Xufeng was preparing to choose a place to work at the university and the China Tea Museum to find Mao Zhaoxi. Of course, I went to the museum. Teacher Mao said. Wang Xufeng understood that he wanted his students to do cultural work as well.
2.
In the early summer of 1968, when Wang Qunli was 13 years old, he followed his father Wang Shilun (former director of the Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology) to move from West Ring Road to Mashi Street on a large board truck. Wall Gate No. 18 is inhabited by intellectuals, cautious and cautious. But there are intellectuals who, even in those circumstances, still live according to their own worldview. Mao Zhaoxi is one.
Later, in the article "Mashi Street - Days Related to Youth", Wang Qunli described his next-door neighbor Mao Zhaoxi in this way.
Mao Zhaoxi lived in Xiaoying Lane, walked a corner, and arrived at Wang Shilun's house, where the two fathers liked to chat together. Wang Shilun said at home that Mao Zhaoxi was born in the anthropology class, and his father was a professor in the mathematics department of Zhejiang University, with a family origin and an orderly inheritance, in addition, he was particularly concerned about hard-working people. One day, Wang Shilun went home and said that Mao Zhaoxi had become the director of the Cultural Relics Bureau.
Xiao Wang was a little shocked, in his eyes, Mao Zhaoxi was Teacher Mao.
No. 20 Huancheng West Road, now the intersection of Huancheng West Road and Longyou Road, the area of Oscar Cinema, not far from Sha Menghai's former residence, only old Hangzhou knows, 70 years ago, there was a Western-style small building here, hidden dragon Crouching Tiger, cultural context gathered. In 1950, the Zhejiang Provincial Cultural Relics Management Committee (hereinafter referred to as the Cultural Relics Management Committee) was born in the small building, which was the beginning of zhejiang's cultural relics undertakings, and the first person in charge was Shao Peizi, director of the Cultural Affairs Commission.
In 1983, the Zhejiang Provincial Cultural Relics Administration Committee was abolished and changed to the Zhejiang Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau, and in May, Mao Zhaoxi was appointed deputy director of the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Culture and director of the Zhejiang Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau.
This is the first director of the Zhejiang Provincial Bureau of Cultural Relics. If you look at the development process of Zhejiang's cultural relics industry, he is the third person in charge.
A few months before he took office, on November 19, 1982, the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural Relics was officially promulgated, which marked that the protection and management of cultural relics had officially entered the track of being managed according to law. Previously, there was no law on the protection of cultural relics, only the Interim Regulations on the Protection and Administration of Cultural Relics promulgated by the State Council on March 4, 1961.
When the Cultural Relics Protection Law was promulgated, what did Mao Zhaoxi's arrival mean?
He was not an archaeologist, nor did he come from a museum background, and Zhejiang's cultural relics industry was still far from "development" at that time -- there were few manpower, lack of funds, and cultural relics work had not yet come out of the bumps after the end of the "Cultural Revolution". This is the status quo before him.
He was in some trouble.
In the 1980s and 1990s, social progress changed from class struggle to economic construction as the center, and the development of productive forces was the center. Although cultural relics are guaranteed by the "Cultural Relics Protection Law", the biggest difficulty in cultural relics work is how to deal with its relationship with economic development - today, this contradiction still exists, but in that era, the fierce contradiction can be described as extreme. Urban construction is in full swing, and construction is starting everywhere.
Mao Zhaoxi said, I have come to be the captain of the fire brigade.
He spends less time in the office, always on the road, in the car. As long as there is news of cultural relics below, or see in the newspaper where the cultural relics are in trouble, they will immediately leave, or write a letter to the State Administration of Cultural Relics, participate in the investigation team of the State Administration of Cultural Relics, as long as it is a matter of cultural relics, no matter where, they must go. "He's not sending a section chief down, he has to go by himself." Bao Xianlun said.
One day, Wang Shilun found Mao Zhaoxi: Hu Qingyu Hall is going to be demolished! In 1984, in order to expand reproduction, Hangzhou Huqing Yutang Traditional Chinese Medicine Factory decided to demolish the ancient building of Huqing Yutang. Mao Zhaoxi went to the relevant leaders of the Hangzhou Municipal Party Committee and the Hangzhou Municipal Government several times to try to protect the importance of this "Jiangnan Medicine House". "At that time, I advised the person in charge of the pharmaceutical factory not to change the wooden shop house into a cement factory, and he also felt that I had a 'mental illness.'" Mao Zhaoxi later said this to Xinhua News Agency reporter Feng Yuan. In 1988, Hu Qingyutang was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit.
Management, layout, planning, Mao Zhaoxi is not a person who plays cards according to common sense. He wants to set up a style and do a good job of Hu Qingyutang, it is not a matter of Hu Qingyutang, and the cultural relics departments everywhere know how to do it. Bao Xianlun said that his overall understanding of cultural relics work, the international vision, and the cultural vision have been put into the development of the whole society.
Around 1992, the Palace Museum wanted him to be the president, but Mao Zhaoxi resolutely refused to go. He said to his daughter, I like Hangzhou. I am not a leader, I do not have this ability, I am a poor teacher, how do I manage people's homes, I have endless things to do in Hangzhou.
In November 1984, at the entrance of the Nanhu Hotel in Jiaxing, Zhejiang, the group photo of the "Three Ancients" conference, the right six Mao Zhaoxi, the right seven Su Bingqi The picture was donated by Su Kaizhi Liangzhu Museum Collection Xia Yong provided
I really can't finish it. Walking in the streets and alleys of Hangzhou, here, Mao Zhaoxi saved, there, Mao Zhaoxi was pointed at the nose and scolded, and he also had to do work door to door.
"You can't get excited anymore, you can't overuse your eyes, or your eyes will be blind!" Yao Ke, a famous ophthalmologist in Hangcheng, warned Mao Zhaoxi.
In August 2010, Mao Zhaoxi gave a lecture to the Zhejiang Provincial Tourism Bureau on the protection of cultural heritage, wrote a speech until 3 a.m., coupled with excessive agitation, macular bleeding under the eyes, and was admitted to the hospital the next day.
When he was hospitalized, Hangzhou city started the urban canal improvement project, and the docks, warehouses, xiaohe straight streets, and gongchenqiao west old blocks along the canal were included in the demolition plan.
He couldn't lie in prison again.
Don't listen to the doctor's warnings and run around. Run to Xiaohe Straight Street to do work for the people. A seminar on canal culture was being held, and he came uninvited, pointing to a banner: "I first want to ask, what is canal culture?" What does canal culture include? Embodied by what carrier? The carrier of canal culture is the cultural relics such as bridges, docks, warehouses, and historical blocks, and if these cultural relics are demolished, what canal culture is there to talk about? The canal is an important cultural heritage of the world, and the cultural relics of the canal cannot be demolished! ”
Back in the ward, I wrote a 6-page long letter to the leaders of the municipal party committee overnight: The cultural relics of the Grand Canal can no longer be demolished!
"Development and conservation are not contradictory, if they were demolished and rebuilt according to the original plan, what was left was a bunch of antique buildings, which were unattractive."
The leader of the Hangzhou Municipal Party Committee immediately gave instructions on the letter: "Immediately stop the demolition, and properly repair the demolition." ”
In April 2007, Mao Zhaoxi analyzed the architectural characteristics of Xiaohe Zhijie at the review meeting of the protection plan of xiaohezhijie historical district in the canal (Hangzhou section).
Xiaohe Straight Street and gongchen bridge west of the old street preserved, the old neighborhood back, has now been listed as a hangzhou historical and cultural protection block, has become a model of protection of the grand canal historical and cultural block, "the last granary of the world" Fuyi warehouse has also been preserved, according to the original historical style has been restored, for this reason the Grand Canal successfully applied for heritage has played an important role.
The object of Mao Zhaoxi's struggle is actually a detour in China's urban development. Hangzhou's urban competitiveness has benefited from the protection of historical and cultural heritage, but it has also taken detours before.
On the morning of July 2, 2012, the QiuJin Martyrs Monument, a national cultural protection unit at Xuantingkou, Jiefang Road, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, was hit, and a Subaru sedan rushed through the outer guardrail of the monument and rushed into the inner guardrail, fortunately, the main body of the monument was not seriously damaged.
Many people thought that this monument was obstructing traffic. After Bao Xianlun came to work at the Cultural Relics Bureau, the new local leaders proposed to move the Qiu Jin Monument several times. Bao Xianlun took out Teacher Mao's words: The ground cultural relics cannot be moved casually, and the former residences of celebrities cannot be moved at will. Qiu Jin is righteous here, just erect a monument here, and move to another place, it is not the place where Qiu Jin is righteous.
In 1986, Shao Hongshu, the principal of Shaoxing Jishan Middle School, found Mao Zhaoxi: The Qiu Jin Monument cannot be demolished.
Mao Zhaoxi dialed the telephone number of the relevant leaders of Shaoxing City, and the reply he received was that the Shaoxing Mayor's Office Meeting had made a decision to relocate.
Mao Zhaoxi immediately rushed to Shaoxing and found the relevant leaders of Shaoxing: "Qiu Jin is a national hero admired by the whole country, and after her death, the coffin and grave were moved 11 times. After Qiu Jin was killed in 1907, it was The monument proposed by Zhou Enlai's uncle, Mr. Yu, and the monument built in 1930 was erected at Qiu Jin's 'right place' - the guxuan pavilion where she was righteous, the inscription written by Cai Yuanpei, and the handwritten inscription was written by the famous calligrapher Yu Youren. Such a cultural relic of great historical and educational significance absolutely cannot be demolished. After returning to Hangzhou, he sent a letter to Shaoxing City to stop the relocation, and the Qiu Jin Monument was preserved.
Mao Zhaoxi's arguments rarely give people the opportunity to dismiss them, and sometimes they can't get off the stage.
In 2002, the West Lake Comprehensive Protection Project was officially launched. On June 24, 2011, West Lake took to the world stage and became a World Heritage Site.
Chen Wenjin said that in the beginning, it was not called a "comprehensive protection project", but a comprehensive improvement project of the West Lake. Once in a meeting at the Tea Museum, Teacher Mao first proposed to the provincial leaders that rectification was incorrect. Should the streets and alleys also be remedied? Does the market also need to be rectified? A word difference, the taste is not the same. Therefore, the "comprehensive insurance project" that we are familiar with is Mao Zhaoqing's initiative. This played a great role in the later application for the West Lake and the protection of historical culture.
In January 1985, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, cooperated with the National Construction Archaeological Work Conference. The fourth mao zhaoxi on the left, the third on the left Wu Ruzuo, and the fifth on the left Shen Zhu (then deputy director of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage). Photo courtesy of Su Kaizhi, collection of Liangzhu Museum
"I want to talk about a person, Mao Zhaoxi."
At the end of last month, at the launch of the revised new book of the archaeological report of "Anti-Mountain" and "Yaoshan Mountain", Wang Mingda, the archaeological leader of the Anti-Mountain Site, mentioned Mao Zhaoxi several times.
In May 1986, archaeological excavations at the Liangzhu Anti-Mountain Site were underway. On June 2, the renovation of Zhang Taiyan's former residence in front of Yuhangcang was completed, and Mao Zhaoxi invited Fang Qin, Ma Chengyuan, Huang Xuanpei, deputy directors of the Shanghai Cultural Affairs Commission, to hold a meeting there. Upon hearing that Liangzhu had made a major discovery, Mao Zhaoxi directly led people to the construction site. In fact, Tomb No. 12 only unearthed No. 97 jade, inlaid jade lacquer cups, etc., and other cultural relics just revealed a little bit.
Wang Mingda said that Mao Zhaoxi was the director of the provincial cultural relics bureau who took the initiative to go to the archaeological sites in the province, and almost all the archaeological sites in Liangzhu arrived.
Ada, don't you move. Mao Zhaoxi said.
What not to move? Wang Mingda asked.
Dig it out and don't move.
Mao Zhaoxi immediately went to the provincial leaders. Wang Mingda's diary: On June 10, Mao Zhaoxi accompanied Sun Jiaxian, then director of the Provincial Department of Culture, to the archaeological site. On June 27, Li Debao, then vice governor of the Zhejiang Provincial Government, inspected the Anti-Mountain construction site, and later went to the Wujiabu Workstation several times to watch the anti-mountain and other excavated artifacts. The original subsidy - to zhejiang xiaobaihuayue opera troupe 100,000, Zhejiang yue opera troupe 100,000, Li Debao clapping board, Zhejiang Yue 100,000 to the provincial archaeological institute.
In 1986, after Wang Mingda first proposed the concept of large ruins of the "Liangzhu Ruins Group", in 1992, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage proposed that although the Liangzhu ruins were not yet a state security unit, they should be treated according to the level of national security. Wang Mingda remembers that in 1992, Meng Xianmin, then director of the Cultural Relics Department of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage (in charge of archaeology), accompanied Zhang Zhongpei to Hangzhou for the first time, bringing the news of this advance national security, as well as a subsidy of 100,000 yuan. At that time, the provincial archaeological institute had 50 people, and the total appropriation including the annual salary increase was only 110,000.
Meng Xianmin said that this is the result of Mr. Mao Zhaoxi's appeal.
4.
Bao Xianlun was originally a teacher at Shaoxing Normal College and Chinese head of the department. One day, a paper transfer order came, and in 1991 he was transferred to the head of the Shaoxing Cultural Bureau.
In 1993, Mao Zhaoxi was elected deputy director of the Standing Committee of the Zhejiang Provincial People's Congress, and after that, the Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau had not been director for several years. In October 1996, Bao Xianlun took over. He went to the Organization Department of the Provincial Party Committee to report, and the executive deputy minister told him: You were recommended by Teacher Mao. Then report to the Propaganda Department: You were recommended by Teacher Mao. The other party continued to say that the director of the cultural relics bureau is not good, Teacher Mao is good, and you must learn from him.
It's really not good.
In 1991, Zhoushan Became One of the First Historical and Cultural Cities in Zhejiang Province, and the old neighborhood of Dinghai District was also regarded as a key protected block. In 1998, the "Zhoushan City Master Plan (1996-2010)", which included the protection plan of the historical and cultural city, was adopted, but a series of "old city transformation" movements in Dinghai Ancient City also began.
According to reports, at that time, many of the deep mansion compounds connected to several streets in the old city, such as North Avenue, Qianfu Street, Taojia Lane, Dongguanmiao Lane, FurongZhou Road, East Avenue and West Avenue, were demolished, and "scattered and unrecognizable".
The extent of the contradiction is unimaginable today.
After Bao Xianlun got the news, he immediately contacted the local area and asked to stop, but to no avail. He led the team to the scene to talk, still not close, continue to dismantle. At that time, a leader said to him: You don't have to insist anymore, I want to see who laughs last.
Bao Xianlun later wrote a passage in the "Theory of the Function of Cultural Relics": Talking about the usefulness of cultural relics seems to have a low starting point. However, as long as we look at the "confrontation" between dozens of media and local governments on the issue of the protection and construction of Dinghai Ancient City; and look at the urgent appeals of dozens of NPC deputies and CPPCC members in Shaanxi, Zhejiang and other places when the development of tourism economy involves the protection of cultural relics, we have a reason to start from the starting point to liquidate the function of cultural relics - what is the use of cultural relics, and how should they be used?
Bao Xianlun, Chen Wenjin and others are under great pressure. At that time, their leaders in charge even made it clear that you were too far ahead and had to be a little farther back.
One year of institutional reform, the Cultural Relics Bureau was abolished and it became an internal agency of the Agency for Cultural Affairs. At that time, there were only two people in the entire Cultural Relics Bureau who were related to the Cultural Relics Bureau, namely Bao Xianlun and Chen Wenjin. In the social context at that time, others were the engines of social progress and productivity, and the Cultural Relics Bureau was a brake device that specially stepped on the brakes, giving people this feeling.
After Bao Xianlun returned, he reported to his superiors, and Mao Zhaoxi's banner was clear: It must be stopped. At that time, he was a member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. Next, dozens of media outlets across the country reported on the incident. He said at a provincial historical and cultural heritage census work conference on May 29, 2001, that there were 84 articles according to statistics.
To intercept a little of what Mao Zhaoxi said to reporters: "As far as the protection of famous historical and cultural cities is concerned, there has been no special legislation so far. Although the current "Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics" has provisions related to the protection of famous historical and cultural cities, it can no longer adapt to the increasingly severe situation, and the top priority is to revise and improve the "Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics" on the one hand, and on the other hand, to sum up the lessons learned in the protection of famous historical and cultural cities over the years, and to formulate the "Law on the Protection of Famous Historical and Cultural Cities" as soon as possible. ”
On March 10, 2000, China's first proposal on the protection of famous historical and cultural cities became a hot topic in the "two sessions", and Mao Zhaoxi was one of the initiators of the proposal.
Bao Xianlun often thought of Mao Zhaoxi. Teacher Mao is always in the front of the charge, a fighter. In the most difficult time, Mao Zhaoxi would stand with him. "Teacher Mao supports me, and no one will object."
He was a scholar and a warrior. Bao Xianlun said.
"He never thinks about personal stakes and thinks about gains and losses. What fear and the like, Teacher Mao could not have. I can't learn. ”
Mao Zhaoxi often joked, Old Bao, the governor said, the director of the cultural relics bureau, the director of the cultural relics bureau, too small, too small. Many years later, the leader saw Mao Zhaoxi and said, "There are a few people like you." He answered: from small to small, more than a touch.
Mao Zhaoxi is 26 years older than Bao Xianlun. From the first day Bao Xianlun took over, Mao Zhaoxi called him Lao Bao. The old colleague is more than 80 years old, called little sister.
With colleagues, he talked, and he would pull a clip out of his pocket with a picture of him when he was younger, and everyone had seen it—and everyone had seen it several times.
At that time, the cultural relics bureau had a very close relationship with the local government, and everyone was willing to come to the bureau, have problems, report them, and then help them solve them.
Everyone was called Teacher Mao, and no one was called Director Mao.
(To be continued)
Continue reading: Bookworm Fighter Mao Zhaoxi (Part 2)
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