The tao is nameless, and the virtue is silent. Lao Tzu was the founder of the Taoist school and is revered in Taoism as Daozu. Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching is published and distributed worldwide, and its study staff is rising year by year, and its influence is in a leading position in the world.
Understand the four, can you be ignorant? Born without being, for the sake of not being ashamed, and accomplishing and living in vain. Fu Wei Fu Ju is not going to go. Lao Tzu advocated that the Tao was nameless, and most of his disciples, like Lao Tzu, hid their whereabouts, and the dragon saw the beginning and did not see the end, leaving many mysteries in history.
The five great disciples of Lao Tzu and the five true people of Taoism
1. Tongxuan Zhenren Wenzi: Wenzi, date of birth and death unknown, contemporary of Confucius. According to legend, he studied under Lao Tzu and was Teacher Fan Li. The Book of Han and Yiwenzhi records that there are nine articles in Wenzi. Disciple of Lao Tzu, at the same time as Confucius. According to legend, after the "Wenzi" was written, it was banned and destroyed in the early Qin Dynasty. By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the first edict opened the road of offering books, and the book fang, which was banned and destroyed by Qin, gradually appeared, and the book "Wenzi" was circulated again. The Tang Dynasty literary scholar Liu Zongyuan once thought that the Circulation of "Wenzi" was a forgery book. In 1973, among the bamboo janes excavated from more than 40 Han tombs in Dingxian County, Hebei Province, there were remnants of "Wenzi", and there were six chapters similar to the circulated "Wenzi", which confirmed the true value of the book "Wenzi". Wenzi is a book with seven extant volumes. In the first year of Emperor Xuanzong's Tianbao, he posthumously honored Wenzi as "Tongxuan Zhenren" (通玄真人), and his book was "Tongxuan Zhenjing".
2. Chong Fei Zhenren Liezi: Liezi, also known as Liekou, (c. 450 BC – 375 BC). "Zhuangzi Getaway" records: Fu Liezi walked against the wind, and he was good and good, and there were five days in the tenth and then reversed. The Book of Han and Yiwen zhi records that there are eight articles in The Liezi. The name is Koukou, first Zhuangzi, Zhuangzi called it. The bibliography of Liezi was early, and the bibliography of "Liezi" exists today, which is suspected to be compiled by later generations. According to legend, Liezi studied under Guan Yinzi. In the first year of Emperor Xuanzong's Tianbao, he posthumously honored Liezi as "Chong Fei Zhenren", and his book was "Chong Fei Zhen Jing".
3. Nanhua Zhenren Zhuangzi: Zhuangzi, also known as Zhuang Zhou, (c. 369 BC - 286 BC). Zhuangzi is one of the famous representatives of the pre-Qin Taoist school, and is called "Lao Zhuang" together with LaoZi, the ancestor of Taoism. The "Chronicle of Lao Tzu Han Fei Lie" records: Zhuangzi, The Mongols, and the Famous Zhou. Zhou Yi was an official of the Mengqi Garden, at the same time as King Hui of Liang and King Xuan of Qi. His learning is all-encompassing, but it is attributed to lao tzu's words. Therefore, he wrote more than 100,000 words to illuminate the art of Lao Tzu. The Book of Han and YiwenZhi records that Zhuangzi has fifty-two articles. Ming Zhou, Song people. In the first year of Emperor Xuanzong's Tianbao, he posthumously named Zhuangzi "Nanhua Zhenren", and his book "Zhuangzi" was "Nanhua Zhenjing".
Fourth, Dongling Zhenren Kang Cangzi: Kang Cangzi, also known as Kang Sangzi, Geng Mulberry, birth and death year unknown. "Zhuangzi Gengsangchu" records: There were Gengsangchu in the Battle of Lao, who preferred the way of Laosang, and lived in the north of the mountain of fear. The "Gaoshi Biography of Gengsangchu" records: Gengsangchu, Chu renye, the disciple of the old man, is partial to the way of the old man, and lives in the north of the mountain of fear. In the first year of Emperor Xuanzong's Tianbao, he posthumously sealed Kang Cangzi as "Dongling Zhenren", and his book was "Dongling True Classic".
5. Wen Shi Zhenren Guan Yinzi: Guan Yinzi, also known as Guan Ling Yin Xi, birth and death year unknown, at the same time as Lao Tzu. The "Chronicle of Lao Tzu Han Fei Lie" records that Lao Tzu was morally upright, and his learning was self-concealed and unnamed. If you live in the week for a long time, see the decline of the week, you will go away. At the end of the pass, Guan Ling Yin Xi said: "The son will be hidden, and he will write a book for me." So Lao Tzu wrote the first and second chapters of the book, saying more than five thousand words of morality, and did not know the end. "Zhuangzi Tianxia" records: The ancient Taoist technique has a presence, And Guan Yin and Lao Nie are pleased to hear its wind. Guan Yin, Lao Yu, Gu Zhi Bo Da Zhenren Ya!. The Book of Han and Yiwen Zhi records that There are nine chapters of Guan Yinzi. Mingxi, for the guan official, Lao Tzu passed the pass, like to go to the official and follow it. According to historical records, Guan Yinzi was the first person to receive a manuscript of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching. He was honored as "Wenshi Zhenren" (文始真人), and his book was "Wenshi Zhenjing".
Qin Han Taoist hermit, whose identity is unknown is a mystery
6. Heshang Gong: Heshang Gong, also known as Heshang Zhangren, birth and death year unknown. The "Biography of Gao Shi And the Zhangren on the River" records that those who are on the river are not known to the people of the country. Ming Laozi's art, self-concealed name, Juhe Zhimei, author of "Lao Tzu Chapters and Sentences", the world name is known as the River On the Zhangren. The "Immortal Biography of the Duke of Kawakami" records that the duke of the river does not know his name. During the reign of Emperor Xiaowen of Han, jiecao was on the banks of the river and often read the Tao Te Ching of Lao Tzu. The "Chronicle of Le YiLie" records that the Yellow Emperor and Lao Tzu of Lechen Public School, whose original teacher's name was Heshang Zhangren, did not know what they came from. Kawakami taught An Zhisheng, An Qisheng taught Mao Qi Gong, Mao Qi Gong taught Le Flaw Gong, Le Feng Gong taught Le Chen Gong, Le Chen Gong, Le Chen Gong Gong. Gai Gong taught in Qi Gaomi and Jiaoxi, and was a teacher of Cao Xiangguo.
Kawakami was the first to compile the Tao Te Ching Ching Sutra. It is an annotation to the oldest Tao Te Ching. It is earlier than the Eastern Han Dynasty Zhang Daoling's compilation of the "Notes on Lao Tzu's Thoughts". The true identities of the Duke of Kawakami and the Emperor of Kawakami and the date of their birth and death are unknown.
7. Huangshi Gong: Huangshi Gong (c. 292 BC – 195 BC), a Taoist hermit during the Qin and Han dynasties. The "Biography of Gao Shi and huangshi gong" records: Huangshi gong, Xia Pi people also, were chaotic in Qin, hid their names, and people did not know at the time. Chu Zhang Liangyi's surname was Chang, and he hid himself in Pi, walked on the Yishui Plateau, and met the Huangshi Gong. The "History of the Liuhou Family" records: During the good taste, there was an old father, dressed in brown, to the good place, straight to his footsteps, Gu said Liang Yue: "Widow, take the next step!" "Good and bad, want to beat it up." For its old, forbearance, the next step. Father: "Do me!" "Good deeds are to be performed, because they kneel for a long time." The Father took it upon himself and laughed. Liang Shu was shocked and followed. The Father went to the house and returned, saying, "The widow can be taught." After the last five days of peace, with me this. Good cause strange, kneeling: "No." "Five days of peace and good fortune." The Father was there first, and he was angry: "With the old man, after that, what is it?" "Go, say, morning meeting on the next five days." "Five days of chicken chirping, good luck." The Father was there again, and he was angry: "Later, why not?" Go, I said, "Come back early in the next five days." "Five days, the good night is not half over. Then the Father came, and rejoiced, "When it is so." A compilation of books was published, saying: "Reading this is the king's teacher." After ten years of prosperity. Thirteen years of widows see me in Jibei, and the YellowStone under the Mountain of Gucheng is me. "Gone, without a word, never to be seen again." Dan Ri looks at his book, which is the law of war of the TaiGong. Good causes are different, and I often practice reading them.
Zhang Liang's "Book of Heaven" donated by the Huangshi Gong records that one is said to be "Su Shu" and the other is "Taigong Art of War", and the date of his writings "Su Shu" and "Three Sketches" is disputed.
VIII. Lao Laizi: Lao Laizi, a Chu person, whose year of birth and death is unknown. The Book of Han and Yiwen Zhi records that there are sixteen articles in Lao Laizi. The Chu people, at the same time as Confucius. "Gao Shi Biography Lao Laizi" records: Lao Laizi people, Chu people also. At that time, the world was in turmoil, escaping the world, and cultivating in the sun of Mengshan Mountain. Wanye is the wall, basil is the room, the branch wood is the bed, the yarrow is the mat, the drinking water and food are the seeds, and the mountain is sown. He is the author of fifteen books, which are used by Taoists. Man does not know the end of it.
IX. Fisher Father: Fisher Father, Chu Ren, birth and death year unknown. The "Biography of Gao Shi and the Fisherman's Father" records that the Fisherman's Father, the Chu people also, Chu Chao, is anonymously hidden in the riverside. "Qu Yuan Fisherman's Father" records that the fisherman's father laughed and went away with the drum, which is a song: "The water of the waves is clear, and it can be muddy; the water of the waves is muddy, and it can be muddy." "Gone, no more words." "Zhuangzi Fisher Father" records that Confucius traveled in the forest of drapery and sat on the altar of apricots. Disciples read, Confucius strings sing drums and pianos. Before the song was halfway through, there was a fisherman, who disembarked from the boat, with white eyebrows, and was sent to the front, above the original, stopping from the land, with his left hand on his knees, and his right hand listening.
10. 蜎子: The Book of Han and Yiwen Zhi records that there are thirteen chapters of the "Worm". Mingyuan, Chu ren, disciple of Lao Tzu. The year of birth and death is unknown. Ancient texts are rarely recorded.
The Tao always does nothing and does nothing. The early Taoist learning and immortal techniques were by no means accessible to ordinary civilians. In the ancient times when printing technology had not yet been invented, those who could study the Tao Te Ching and understand the essence of its Taoism, and copy books and preach the Tao were not ordinary people. Meritorious body retreat to the way of heaven also, hidden whereabouts is the way to become immortals? Ancient Taoist hermits, today's people really have difficulty understanding their meaning. With the advancement of historical research and archaeological excavations, the mysteries of Taoist culture will eventually be gradually understood and reached the world.
(If Li has original works, it is forbidden to reprint them without permission)
References: "Shi Ji", "Zhuangzi", "Hanshu Yiwenzhi", "Gao Shi Biography", "Immortal Biography", "Old Book of Tang"