A small window of the soul, a big problem during pregnancy

When pregnant, all organs of the body undergo a series of changes, and the window of the mind, the eyes, are no exception, they help expectant mothers observe changes in the stomach, but they are also affected by many physiological and pathological effects.

Eyes are so dry

AMY usually uses a computer for a long time to work. She was 3 months pregnant, and recently found that her eyes were particularly dry, burning, and secretions; her eyes were sore, itchy, and sometimes headaches at night, making it difficult to concentrate. "Is it the computer that sees too much?" But the working hours are no longer than before pregnancy. "AMY wants to drip some eye drops, and is afraid that the drug ingredients are harmful to the fetus."

Normally, the surface of the eye is covered with a tear film to protect and moisturize the eyeball. During pregnancy, due to changes in hormone levels, increased estrogen leads to water and sodium retention, causing eyelid edema, water in the tear film is more likely to evaporate, while the amount of tear secretion is relatively reduced, so a series of phenomena that cause dry eyes, and even corneal ulcer perforation occurs in severe cases.

To effectively prevent dry eye disease, the best way is to blink more, no less than 5 times per minute. Avoid eye strain and rest appropriately. Expectant mothers who need to operate the computer should rest for 10 minutes every 50 minutes, their eyes should be more than 60 cm away from the screen, and they should eat more fresh vegetables and fruits to increase their vitamin intake. In order to avoid the fluorescent screen reflection or unclear, the computer should not be placed on the opposite or back of the window, the ambient lighting should be soft, if there is a curtain should be closed, to avoid bright light directly on the screen reflected bright images caused by eye fatigue. To reduce eye dryness, nutritional eye drops can be appropriately applied. Eye exercises can also relax the eye area and reduce eye strain.

Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory eye drops, mothers in the third trimester of pregnancy should be used with caution: such as chloramphenicol has a bone marrow suppression effect, tetracycline is prone to teratogenicity. Therefore, it is best to take the drug under the guidance of a doctor.

Myopia deepened

Alain accidentally broke his glasses when she was 34 weeks pregnant. When the glasses were dispensed, it was found that the binocular power was deepened by 50 degrees. "The degree has not deepened in 10 years, how can it suddenly deepen so fast?" Is it too tired at work? Alain wondered. However, after the baby was about to turn a month old, Alain was dizzy as soon as he put on his glasses. Then go to the refraction, and the degree returns to the original.

During pregnancy, due to changes in hormone and water electrolyte levels in the body, the water in the cornea and crystals increases, forming a mild edema of the cornea, the curvature of the cornea becomes steeper, and mild refractive error occurs, the ability of hyperopia and ciliary muscle adjustment is weakened, and the nearby objects are blurred. If the original myopia is present, the degree of myopia increases. But this abnormality is a physiological change, and most mothers can return to normal within 8 weeks after giving birth.

If a pregnant woman has farsightedness or deepened myopia during pregnancy, especially in the third trimester of pregnancy, if there is no special requirement for vision, it is not necessary to change glasses first, and then optometry after 1 month of delivery, the degree is relatively accurate.

It is worth noting that pregnant women's corneal moisture content increases, breathability becomes worse, wearing contact lenses is easy to aggravate corneal edema due to lack of oxygen, coupled with refractive errors during pregnancy, if you barely wear contact lenses, it is easy to cause obvious proliferation of new blood vessels in the eyeball, and even lead to corneal epithelial spalling, so pregnant women should not wear contact lenses.

High myopia confusion

The degree of myopia in Xiaoqiu is "as high as" more than 600 degrees, and she looks like she is about to become a mother, but she has heard that high myopia cannot give birth naturally, and serious will lead to blindness. Disappointed, she asked her husband to help find acquaintances and prepare for surgery. However, after listening, the attending doctor told her: "High myopia is not a necessary indication for caesarean section, you can still try natural delivery." ”

High myopia refers to myopia in excess of 600 degrees. It is true that highly myopic women have a little more conditions that are not conducive to spontaneous childbirth than non-myopic women, but it is not absolutely impossible to give birth naturally. Patients with high myopia have elongated eyeballs, weak posterior sclera, atrophy of the retina and choroid, and vitreous degeneration. Under the action of external forces or under the traction of the vitreous body, the denatured retina is prone to form a crack, which then develops into a retinal detachment. When a highly myopic expectant mother tries her best during childbirth, due to increased abdominal pressure, pain, agitation, etc., it may cause an impact on the eyeball and become one of the triggers for retinal detachment.

During pregnancy, expectant mothers with high myopia should avoid strenuous movements, vibrations, and impacts on the eye. After the ophthalmologist examines the fundus and confirms that there is no lesion of the retina or a mild lesion, natural childbirth can be carried out, but do not exert too much force during the production process, and the amplitude of head movement should not be too large to avoid retinal detachment. If you are unfortunate enough to have a net loss during childbirth, the expectant mother should not worry too much, and it can be repaired after surgery.

Invisible at night

A few days after Ya was happy to be pregnant, a violent pregnancy reaction came to the face: from the morning to start vomiting, at first she could eat some food, and then as soon as she smelled the food, she began to vomit, and even the bile vomited. I went to the hospital for some nutritional injections, but I couldn't stop the vomiting. In the end, he had to be hospitalized, and when he went to the toilet at night, the ward was so dark that he couldn't see anything. Doctors said it might be night blindness.

In the first trimester, due to the violent reaction of early pregnancy, pregnant women have insufficient intake of nutrients, and they cannot take remedial measures such as infusions in time, which often causes serious nutritional deficiencies in pregnant women. Vitamin A plays an important role in the growth of human cells and the development of the eyes, and is also one of the raw materials for the synthesis of photosensitive substances by retinal photoreceptor cells. When the human body is deficient, the ability of the eye to see at night decreases, leading to night blindness.

Pregnant women due to the needs of the fetus, vitamin A needs to increase, should appropriately eat more animal offal, carrots, leeks, spinach, egg yolk and other foods, or take cod liver oil or use vitamin A to point the eye. If severe vomiting occurs, it should be sent to the hospital for treatment in time. However, it should be noted that vitamin A supplementation must be carried out under the guidance of a doctor, and excessive dosage may cause poisoning.

Suddenly it was blurry

Jing Yi found increased blood pressure during the obstetric examination, 140/90 mm Hg, proteinuria, and was diagnosed with "pregnancy hypertension syndrome". One day for 35 weeks, Jing Yi suddenly felt dizzy, dizzy, and blurred to see things. I don't feel good and go to the hospital immediately for examination. Doctors found her retinal edema and recommended that she be admitted to the hospital for an immediate caesarean section. After giving birth, Jing Yi recovered well, the doctor said that she was pre-eclampsia, and if she was a little later, eclampsia might occur, or even go blind.

Gestational hypertension syndrome is a disease unique to pregnancy, with edema, hypertension, proteinuria as the main symptoms, eclampsia occurs in severe cases, symptoms similar to epilepsy, endangering the safety of mothers and babies. When blood pressure exceeds 130/90 mm Hg, papilledema, hyperemia, fundus hemorrhage, and even retinal detachment may occur, resulting in dizziness, blurred vision, vision loss, and dark shadows. Most return to normal after termination of pregnancy and recover after surgery if retinal detachment occurs.

Expectant mothers with gestational hypertension syndrome need to be examined fundus to determine their arterial blood supply and cardiovascular system damage, and to decide whether to terminate the pregnancy. Because many expectant mothers with pregnancy high signs will have lesions in the fundus, the early stage is mainly fundus vascular spasm, if the blood pressure continues to rise, there will also be retinal bleeding, edema and exudation, once the fundus arterioles continue to spasm, usually the precursor of eclampsia, it should be treated in time. In order to ensure the safety of the mother and baby, the pregnancy is generally terminated. Therefore, expectant mothers with pregnancy syndrome should regularly go to the hospital to check the fundus and blood pressure, and should also pay special attention to the sudden dizziness, dizziness, blurred vision, dark shadows, vision loss, blindness and other symptoms, and go to the hospital in time to deal with it.

Sweet Killer

Li Ling is a type 1 diabetic patient who has controlled her blood sugar at a normal level before pregnancy, and the fundus of the fundus is examined by a doctor as stage II diabetic retinopathy. After 4 months of pregnancy, the fundus is reviewed during the obstetric examination, and retinopathy develops into stage III. Although there were no obvious symptoms, doctors still recommended that she do laser treatment to prevent retinal detachment. After the operation, Li Ling successfully passed the pregnancy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe but preventable blinding eye disease. Due to changes in the maternal environment during pregnancy, it is easy to lead to an increase in blood glucose in the body, the emergence of gestational diabetes or the aggravation of the original diabetes, and the rise in blood glucose will cause a series of pathophysiological changes, vascular degeneration and hardening, resulting in retinoangiopathy. There is a decrease in vision, a small black shadow in front of the eye that is a bit or flaky, or a sense of flash, a sense of water ripple, a deformation of vision, and even a black shadow in the field of vision, serious cases, and eventually lead to blindness.

In general, middle-aged and elderly people often suffer from type 2 diabetes, and type 1 diabetes is characterized by a younger age, and must rely on exogenous insulin replacement therapy for life, and antidiabetic drugs are ineffective. The longer you develop diabetes, the higher the chance of developing diabetic retinopathy, so people with type 1 diabetes who develop it at a young age have a much higher chance and degree of DR than the average person. Dr, on the other hand, can also occur in gestational diabetic patients who have a first pregnancy, but the degree of lesions is generally shallow and the risk of vision loss during pregnancy is low.

In the past, it was believed that pregnancy can promote the development of diabetic retinopathy, and only by terminating pregnancy can it control its deterioration; however, with the widespread use of retinal laser coagulation technology and strict control of blood glucose during pregnancy, the vast majority of pregnant women are expected to continue to gestation until full-term delivery, and DR can also be improved after childbirth. Therefore, once the blood glucose is found to rise during pregnancy, we must pay attention to controlling blood glucose and checking the fundus, such as pre-pregnancy diabetes mellitus with mild retinopathy patients, the fundus should be checked every 3 months during pregnancy; for pregnant women with moderate retinopathy, fundus examination is done at the same time as each obstetric examination. As soon as high-risk indications appear, retinal laser coagulation should be performed immediately and closely monitored by an ophthalmos.