"Longmen Twenty Pins" is a selection of twenty square statue inscriptions from the Northern Wei period of the Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang City, Henan Province, which is a representative of Wei stele calligraphy. There are nineteen pins in Guyang Cave, and only one pin is in Cave 660 (Cixiang Cave) located outside the Old Dragon Cave. These statues often involve the historical facts of the year, which have high historical value and calligraphy art research value. Among them, the ones who can be called the "Four Pins of Longmen", namely "The Statue of Shiping Gong", "The Statue of Wei Lingzang and Xue Fashao", "The Statue of Sun Qiusheng", and "The Statue of Yang Dayan".
Exterior view of Guyang Cave
Interior view of Guyang Cave
The lady of Changle King Qiu Mulingliang, Wei Chi, made a statue of the dead cow
"Records of the Statue of the Cow", the full name is "Taihe Nineteenth Year of November Changle King Qiu Mulingliang Lady Wei Chi for the Dead Cow To Make Maitreya Statue", the inscription is dignified and clean, one of the twenty products of the Dragon Gate. It was built by The Lady of Qiu Mulingliang of Changle (later changed to "Wei") by her deceased son Niu Qi, who used to be known as Niu Qi. A lotus flower is carved in the middle of the statue stele, and the left and right two Lux raise their hands as a support, and the image is vivid and vivid.
Bu Luo Lang Zhang Yuanzu's wife Yifu created a statue for her deceased husband
"Yifu statue for Zhang Yuanzu", also known as "Yifu statue inscription". Main book, 10 lines, 3 words in one line. Located on the north wall of Guyang Cave, the statue niche is one of the twenty statue niches of the Dragon Gate, and the adjacent Bhikkhu Huigan Statue Niche below is one of the two smallest statue niches in the Twenty Pins of the Dragon Gate. The niches are 36 cm high, 19 cm wide and 30 cm deep. This rubbing is now in the collection of the Luoyang Stele Rubbings Museum.
Bhikkhu Hui became the statue of his deceased father, Shi Pinggong
"Shiping Gong Statue Record", full name "Bhikkhu Hui became the deceased father of Luozhou Thorn History Shiping Gong Statue Inscription", written by Meng Da, Zhu Yizhang Kaishu, the carved stone is located in the southern suburbs of Luoyang City, Longmen Grottoes Guyang Cave North Wall. As a model of Weibei calligraphy art, it was included in the "Longmen Twenty Pins", which reversed the weak calligraphy style of the Southern Dynasty and created a typical example of the Northern Stele Square Pen, which was passed on to future generations with masculine beauty.
Beihai Wang Yuan detailed statue record
Longmen Twenty Pins of "Beihai WangYuan Detailed Statue Record", the full name is "Beihai Wang Yuan Detailed Statue for mother and child peace maitreya statue". The statue is 88 centimeters high and 42 centimeters wide, and is a historical record of Yuan's move from the capital to Luoyang with Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei. The statue niche is located on the north wall of the Guyang Cave of the Longmen Grottoes in Luoyang, above the statue niche of Wei Chi, the wife of Qiu Mulingliang of the Changle King. The niches are 138 cm high, 102 cm wide and 17 cm deep, and are medium-sized caves in Guyang Cave. The main Buddha in the niche is Maitreya. Both sides of the bodhisattva stand with their hands folded. The arched niches are carved with fifteen days of people holding flower ropes.
Sima Xie Boda statue
The full name is "Sima Xie Boda Statue". Northern Wei Taihe inter-carving, main book. On the north wall of Guyang Cave. The main book, 14 lines, of which 6, 7, 8 lines, a line of 3 words, the rest of a line of 5 words. 64 words can be seen. One of the twenty famous products of The Dragon Gate. This record has the atmosphere of the times with strong pen strength and strong momentum, and it also exerts self-creation consciousness and wisdom in an informal way, showing rich aesthetic taste and creative talent.
Princess Gao of the North Sea Kingdom made a statue of sun Bao for the deceased
Referred to as "Sun Bao's Statue". It was engraved around the time of Taihe and Jingming. At the top of The Guyang Cave. Main book, 5 lines, one line varies from 6 to 12 words. The statue niches are located on the north side of the cave roof, and the Maitreya shrine built by the grandmother of the King of Guangchuan (nearby about 60 cm) for the deceased husband and the maitreya shrine made by the grandmother of the King of Guangchuan for the younger grandson are arranged in a triangular shape on the top of the cave. The niches are 110 cm high, 80 cm wide and 14 cm deep. In the shape of a circular shrine, the lord of the niche is a cross-legged Maitreya Bodhisattva, sitting on a double lion seat, and the two bodhisattvas are placed on the sides of the chest with their hands folded. The statue is 40 cm high and 26 cm wide. It is recorded that Princess Gao "lost her hometown and sowed yue" for Yuan Bao, and after years of illness, she was inevitably dying prematurely and suffering, and she specially created a body like Maitreya, praying that her deceased beloved grandson could "never get rid of all kinds of sufferings".
Yunyang Bo Zheng Changyou is a statue of his deceased father and so on
Referred to as "Zheng Changyou Statue", the main book, visible eighty-four characters, calligraphy is strong and simple, the knot body is square, and the meaning is heavier. Jing Ming II (501) September engraved. The south wall of Guyang Cave. Main book, 8 lines, 12 words per line. There is a copy of the engraving, and the upper left point of the word 'honorific' in the 7th line of the inscription is missing. The statue niches are located on the south side above the mouth of Guyang Cave, with a total of six niches, all of which are round coupon-shaped shallow niches. Divided into three rows, upper, middle and lower, each row of two niches, its size is not equal. The frieze arch is carved with curly grass grape patterns, and the main figure is Maitreya (broken). The left and right two guards the bodhisattva. Completed on September 3, 501 AD, the second year of the Jingming Dynasty. Located on the right side of the shrine, 50 cm high and 35 cm wide, zheng Chang was recorded as the deceased father, the mother Emperor Fu, the deceased son Shilong, and his concubine Chen Yunu as the deceased mother Xu, each of whom made a statue of Maitreya. The calligraphy of the stele has the important significance of inheriting the Han Dynasty and the lower Qi Tang Kai.
Xincheng County Gong Cao Sun Qiusheng, Liu Qizu 200 people and other statues
Referred to as "Sun Qiusheng Statue". Jingyang III (502) year of May engraving. On the south wall of Guyang Cave. (Huang Yituode) main book, 13 lines, listed above, 9 characters in one line; The following title, line 30 words. The three characters of the Book of Ezheng are 'Yizi Statue'. The second line next to the forehead is the second line on the right, and the third line on the right. Qianlong Tuoben, the third line of his record 'Liu Qizu' of the 'Liu' character painting is intact. On the south wall of Guyang Cave in Luoyang Longmen Grottoes. Emperor Xuanwu of northern Wei (Yuan Keke) Jingming died on May 27, 502. This stele is sharp and strong, wide and simple, and has a variety of brushwork compared with the "Statue of Shiping Gong", and is one of the representative works of the calligraphy art of Longmen inscription. Meng Guangdawen, Xiao Xianqingshu. Fifteen lines, thirty-nine words. The font is strong and strong, calm and heavy. The brushwork is condensed freely. Qing Kang has "Guangyi Zhou Shuangyi": "After Taihe, the families came out, and Zhuang Mao had "Sun Qiusheng"" "Among the twenty products of the Dragon Gate, about one, there are also several bodies, and "Sun Qiusheng" shen is strongly integrated. "
The statues of the lord Gao Shu and Veena Xie Bo Du Thirty and so on
Referred to as "The Statue of a Tall Tree", the main book has ten lines and 14 characters in one line. You can see one hundred and thirty-nine characters, and the calligraphy is neat and vigorous. Jing Ming III (502) year of May engraving. On the north wall of Guyang Cave. The statue niche is located on the right side of the north wall of Guyang Cave, adjacent to the statue of Bu Renlang's wife Yifu for the deceased husband. The niches are 94 cm high, 78 cm wide and 13 cm deep, and the main Buddha sits on his knees, and there are two bodhisattvas on both sides of the main Buddha, all of which are backlit. The shrine was completed on May 30, 2003. The statue is located in the lower left of the niche, 40 cm high and 28 cm wide. It is recorded that the yi lord Gao Shu and Xie Bodu and thirty-two other people made statues of Yi She, and jointly wished the immortal parents and the next life of the surviving family members. The statue was completed in the same month of the same year as Sun Qiusheng's 200-man-made stone statue, and the vow was also about the same.
Bhikkhu Huiganma made a statue of his deceased parents
Referred to as "Huigan Statue Record", the main book, 14 lines, one line 5 words. Sixty-six characters can be seen, and the calligraphy is heavy and heavy, and it still exists. Jing Ming III (502) year of May engraving. The north wall of Guyang Cave. There is a copy of the engraving, and the word 'Gu' in line 12 is missing a little on the upper left; The word 'like' in the last line is missing two strokes.
Princess Guangchuan's grandmother, Princess Taifei, made a statue of her deceased husband, Helan Khan, king of Guangchuan
Referred to as "Helan Khan Statue" as one of the best statues of Longmen. The original book has a total of 16 crosses, and this post selects the first 20 lines of the fine 132 characters, and the calligraphy is timeless. Jing Ming III (502) was engraved in August. At the top of The Guyang Cave. Main book, 5 lines, 10 words per line.
The lords Ma Zhenbai and Wei Zhangzi cheng thirty made a statue of the emperor
Referred to as "Ma Zhenbai Statue Record", the main book, even the book "Yizi Statue" can be seen one hundred and twenty-eight sons, calligraphy has a unique flavor. Jing Ming 4 (503) august engraved. At the top of The Guyang Cave. Main book, 9 lines, 15 words per line. The three characters of the Book of Ezheng are 'Yizi Statue'. There is no such inscription in the original "Twenty Pins of Longmen", Kang Youwei questioned it, and Fang Yan's "School Monument Essay" was deleted with "Excellent Filling Soil" as a Tang carving.
Princess Guangchuan's grandmother, Princess Taifei, made a statue of her young grandson
Longmen Twenty Pins of "Monument to the Statue of Marquis Taifei", the full name is "Inscription of the Statue of Princess Taifei marquis of Guangchuan". JingMing IV (503) year of July engraving. In the second year of the statue of her deceased husband, King Helan Khan of Guangchuan, princess Hou of Guangchuan, the third generation of King Guangchuan, made a statue of Maitreya and confided in her "thin heart" of "raising a young grandson alone and taking the country of Shaobo". This stele is also at the top of the Guyang Cave, about 1 meter from the monument made by his deceased husband, the stele is rectangular and horizontal. The main book, 29 lines, the first 22 lines of a line of 6 characters, the word is larger; the last 7 lines, a line of 4 words, the word is smaller.
Bhikkhu Fasheng was emperor Xiaowen and the mother and son of the king of Beihai
Referred to as "Statue of Fa Sheng", the main book, visible one hundred and forty-two characters, the calligraphy is round and harmonious with the pen, the knot is gorgeous and beautiful, and there is a model of zhong Xuan, which is rare in the same kind of north stele. Jing Ming 4 (503) december engraved. The south wall of Guyang Cave. The main book has 11 lines and 13 words in one line.
The auxiliary general Yang Dayan created a statue of Emperor Xiaowen
"Yang Big Eye Statue", carved stone in calligraphy. The full name is "Yang Dayan for Emperor Xiaowen Statue Inscription", no carved stone date. However, this statue is known as the Yuan Favor of Emperor Xiaowen, and Emperor Kaowen collapsed in the twenty-third year of Taihe (499), and the statue was created after him. There are clouds between the first year of Jingming (500) and the first three years (506). Kaishu, on the north wall of Guyang Cave in Longmen Mountain, Luoyang, Henan. It is one of the famous works of the Dragon Gate Statue. Luoyang Longmen Grottoes is one of the famous treasure houses of Buddhist art in China, through the Northern Wei to tang more than 150 years, a total of more than 100,000 statues have been carved, more than 3,600 inscriptions, the inscription belongs to the Northern Wei or later period, accounting for a considerable number. Its font is commonly known as [Weibei body]. These inscriptions were not particularly noticed by people in the early days, after the Qing Dynasty Qian and Jia, epigraphy and epigraphy arose, many Jinshi families were assigned to visit the famous mountains to seek the expansion, and the statue of Longmen was first revealed to the world after the visit of Huang Yi (Xiao Song), a famous calligrapher and seal engraver in the Qing Dynasty. Luo Zhenyu's "Stone Jiaolu" Yun: [Huang Shi initially only expanded the Northern Wei "Shiping Gong Statue Record" as one product, and later added "Sun Gengsheng", "Yang Dayan", and "Wei Lingzang" as four products.] Later, it was added to ten pins, followed by twenty pins. The Twenty Pins of The Dragon Gate were used by posterity as a representative work in the Dragon Gate Statue. However, among them, huang Yi's selection of "Shiping Gong" and other four products are the most famous. The style of the "Portrait of Yang Dayan" is very similar to that of "Shiping Gong", with a square pen, and the knot body is retracted and outward, but the degree of tightness is slightly lighter than that of "Shiping Gong", which may also be the reason why the yang carving and the yin carving are different. Kang Youwei commented on this "Record" Yun: [If the young man is partial, qi xiongli jian], [for the sect of Junjian Fengwei].
Anding Wang Yuanxie made a statue for the deceased ancestors
Referred to as the main book of "Yuan Xie Statue", ninety-five characters can be seen, and there are two shallow carved Buddha statues. The calligraphy is beautiful and the body is quaint. It was engraved in February 507. The south wall of Guyang Cave. Main book, 13 lines. A line of 9 characters.
Statue of Wang Yuanyou of Qi County
Abbreviated as "Yuan Right Statue Record". Xi Ping II (517) was engraved in July. The south wall of Guyang Cave. The main book, 14 lines a line of 16 words. The end is 2 lines and 9 words of the year paragraph. The carved stone on the south wall of Guyang Cave is intact, while the north wall is more damaged.
Bhikshuni Cixiang and Hui Zheng statues
"The Statue of CiXiang", the full name is "Bhikshuni Cixiang Huizheng Cave Monument". This is the only one in the "Longmen Twenty Pins" outside the Guyang Cave, it is located in the north of the Old Dragon's Nest in the lower part of the Main Buddha of the Cixiang Kiln, and the age of the statue is also the latest of the twenty pins, when it was in the third year of the Northern Wei Xiaoming Emperor ShenGui (520 AD). Iconography, main book, 10 lines, one line of 10 or 11 words. The inscription describes the state of mind of Ci Xiang Huizheng as a nun, hoping to "rise to the realm of no obstacles" and even "extend to the three consorts" to take care of all the women in the world.
Bhikkhu Taoist monks create statues of their parents
Referred to as "Taoist Statue". No year. Main book, 13 lines, 7 characters per line. Ninety-one characters can be seen, and the calligraphy is regular. The "Statue of a Taoist Craftsman" has no statue chronology, according to its style and location, when it was in the last year of the Northern Wei Xiaowen Emperor Taihe and the early Ming Dynasty of Emperor Xuanwu. The main book, 13 lines, 7 characters in a row, 91 characters can be seen, and the calligraphy is regular. The statue niches are located on the north wall of Guyang Cave, above the thirty-two artificial statue niches of The Tall Tree Xie Bodu, with a total of five niches of varying sizes.
Luhun County Gong Cao Wei Lingzang Xue Fa Shao statue
"Luhun County Gong Cao Wei Lingzang Xue Fa Shao Statue Record" and "Wei Ling Zang Statue Record" full title "Wei Ling Zang Xue Fa Shao Statue Record", the inscription is ten lines, line 23 characters. There is a forehead, three lines and nine characters in the book, the vertical inscription "Shakya Statue" in the middle of the forehead, the words are slightly larger than the two sides, the left forehead is titled "Xue Fashao", and the right inscription is "Wei Lingzang". Northern Wei statues used to use other characters, and this inscription is especially numerous. Although there is no clear record of the time of carving, the calligraphy style resembles the "Yang Dayan Inscription" of the same cave, or it is suspected that it is the same as the hand of one person, which is undoubtedly the Northern Wei carved stone. The rough stone is 75 cm tall, 40 cm wide, 15 cm high and 15.5 cm wide, which is a fine work of inscription and calligraphy art in the Longmen statue inscription, and is also an important part of the four products of Longmen, which is now in the north wall of Luoyang Longmen Grottoes Guyang Cave. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the famous scholar Huang Yi of Qiantang was first published after visiting Tuo.
The "Dragon Gate Twenty Pins" counts:
I. "The Chronicle of the Lady of Qiu Mulingliang, the King of Changle, Who Made a Statue for the Dead Cow"
II. "Bu Ruanlang Zhang Yuanzu's Wife Yifu Statue for the Deceased Husband"
III. "The Portrait of Bhikkhu Hui Becoming the Deceased Father of Shiping Gong"
IV. "The Detailed Statue of the King of beihai"
V. The Statue of Sima Xie Boda
VI. "The Portrait of Princess Gao of the Beihai Kingdom"
VII. "Yunyang Bo Zheng Changyou for the Dead Father and Other Statues"
VIII. "Portraits of Cao Cao, Sun Qiusheng, Liu Qizu, and Other Two Hundred People in Xincheng County"
IX. "The Statues of the Lord Gao Shu and veena Xie Bo Du Thirty and Others"
10. "The Statue of the Bhikkhu Huigan Horse for the Dead Parents"
XI. "The Portrait of princess Dowager Helan Khan of Guangchuan"
XII. "The Portrait of ma Zhenbai and Wei Zhangzi Chengxi for the Emperor" (You fill in the statue inscription)
XIII. "The Portrait of princess Dowager Taifei of Guangchuan for her young grandson"
14. "The Statue of the Bhikkhu Fasheng as Emperor Xiaowen and the Mother and Son of the King of Beihai"
15. "The Statue of the Auxiliary General Yang Dayan for Emperor Xiaowen"
16. "The Portrait of The King of Anding Wang Yuanxie for the Dead Ancestors"
17. "The Statue of Wang Yuanyou of Qi County"
XVIII. "The Statue of Bhikshuni Cixiang and Hui Zheng"
19. "The Statue of the Parents of the Monks and Teachers"
20. "Luhun County Gong Cao Wei Lingzang Xue Fa Shao Statue"
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