On September 17, 1935, the Red Army conquered the natural danger of Lazikou, and Mao Zedong personally led a large army to climb the main peak of Minshan Mountain. The Silver Peaks are lined with mountains, the Min Mountains, which are thousands of miles of snow, have been conquered, and the final victory of the Long March has become a foregone conclusion, but the heavy responsibility of the new national revolutionary struggle is in front of us, and the great mountain of imperialism is on the way forward. Mao Zedong stepped on the top of Minshan Mountain, facing the even more indispensable behemoth- Kunlun, and his chest aroused the pride of the mountains and the sea, borrowing Kunlun as the theme, lyrical speech, and reciting the anti-imperialist poem "Nian Nu Jiao Kunlun", which swept away the ages.
The world is hot and cold with this
Text | Xi Rende
Nian Nu Jiao Kunlun
October 1935
Mao Zedong
Born out of nowhere, Mang Kunlun, reading the spring colors of the world. Three million jade dragons flew up, stirring up the cold of Zhou Tian. In summer, the rivers are overflowing, and people may be fish turtles. Who has ever commented on the sin of a thousand autumns?
And now I call Kunlun: don't be this high, don't be so snowy. Andre leaned on the heavens to draw his sword and cut Ru into three sections? One section of Europe, one cut of the United States, one cut of return to the East. Taiping world, the world with this cool and hot.
Word spectrum
Nian Nu Jiao
Zhongping Zhongping Zhong, 仄平中, 中仄中平平仄 (rhyme). Zhongping Zhongping 仄仄, 中仄中平平仄 (rhyme). Zhongping Pingping, Zhongping Zhongping, Zhongping Pingping (rhyme). Zhongping Ping 仄, Zhongping Ping Ping Ping Ping (rhyme).
Zhongping Zhongping Pingping, Zhongping Pingping, Zhongping Pingping (rhyme). Zhongping Zhongping 仄仄, 中仄中平平仄 (rhyme). Zhongping Pingping, Zhongping Zhongping, Zhongping Pingping (rhyme). Zhongping Zhongping Zhong, Zhongping Pingping Pingping 仄 (rhyme).
One hundred words, so it is also known as the hundred word order. Bi-tonal, long-tone. It is generally used for rhyme. Upper and lower pieces, the last seven sentences, the same. In the second sentence of the film, you can go up three down six, or up five down four. In the seventh and eighth sentences of the next film, you can go up and down five, such as "one section gives beauty, one cut back to the east country", or you can go up five down four, such as "potatoes are cooked, and then add beef".
This tune is named after the famous singer and prostitute Niannu during the Tang Tianbao period. The flamboyant lyricist likes to fill in this tune. There are many variations, and there are differences in sentence reading, rhyme footing, and even word count. In "Kunlun", "Don't be this high, don't want this snow" and "A section of beauty" three sentences, because of the need for expression, and use a bad sentence.
01
Nian Nu Jiao Kunlun was written in October 1935 and published in the inaugural issue of poetry magazine in January 1957.
At the time of publication, there was a self-note - the so-called "three million jade dragons in battle, the defeat of scales and armor flying all over the sky", referring to flying snow. To borrow a phrase here, it is about snow-capped mountains. In the summer, when you climb the Min Mountain in the distance, the mountains are flying and dancing, and they are all white. The common people said that when Sun Xing passed through here, it was all a mountain of flames, that is, he borrowed a banana fan to extinguish the fire, so it turned white.
After publication, the idea of the theme of this word is not unanimous. Thus, on December 21, 1958, Mao Zedong commented on the poem: "Kunlun: The main idea is to oppose imperialism, not anything else. To change the sentence: one intercepts China, and one intercepts and returns to the eastern country. It is not right to forget that the Japanese are Japanese. In this way, Britain, the United States, and Japan are involved. Other explanations are unrealistic. For this note, see Mao Zedong Chronicle I, p. 476, note 2.
The author hammered the tone. Since then, all review articles have been interpreted according to this topic.
02
The Kunlun title "Kunlun" has a broad and narrow meaning.
The Kunlun Mountain System in the broad sense is the largest mountain system in the world. Its main vein, branch veins and residual veins include dozens of large and small mountain ranges on the mainland except the Tianshan Mountains, the Altai Mountains, and the Himalayas. Such as Kunlun Mountain, Kara Kunlun Mountain, Nanling, Beiling, Yinshan, Xing'anling, Hengduan Mountain range and so on. Stretching from the western frontier to the coast of the East China Sea, even the Zhoushan Islands and Taiwan Islands, and even the mountains of Korea and Japan. Its highest peak is Chogolli Peak in the Karakoram Mountains, at 8611 meters above sea level, second only to Mount Everest.
The Kunlun Mountain system in the narrow sense is also one of the largest mountain systems in the world. It is about 5,000 miles long from east to west. From the Pamir Plateau, it runs through five provinces and regions: Xinjiang, Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan and Gansu. It is the birthplace and watershed of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. The western section is the boundary mountain between the Tarim Basin and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The eastern section is divided into three branches: north, central and southern, extending to the Bayankara Mountains in the east, and connecting with the Min Mountains and Qionglai Mountains on the Sichuan border. The main peak of the eastern section, Muzitag Mountain, is 7723 meters above sea level, and is the highest peak of the narrow Kunlun Mountain.
The average altitude of Kunlun Mountain is about 6 kilometers, and there are many iceberg snow peaks. With a total area of more than 500,000 square kilometers, it is known as the "Spine of Asia".
The word "Kunlun" refers to both the broad and narrow senses, and the narrow sense is the main one.
03
The song creates two images. One is the object image "Ru", Kunlun, the object of commentary and sword cutting. One is the subject image "I"—the author, the giant of the commentary and the cut mountain. The two images are opposites.
The first film focuses on the object image "Ru", and the next film focuses on the main image "I".
"Whoever once commented" on "Qi Xia," and now I call Kunlun "inherited."
The object sets off the main body, which is both a reflection and a positive lining. In contrast, the object is the opposite of the subject. Positive lining, large object set off the large body, to large lining large.
The main reason why the theme of the word "Kunlun" is inconsistent is mainly because the symbolism of Kunlun is inconsistent. There are two main symbols.
One is that Kunlun symbolizes the Chinese nation and old China. The reason is that at the beginning of the film, praise the magnificent rivers and mountains of the motherland and have a long history, and then indict the evil caused by the old system. The next film calls for a violent revolution, the complete transformation of old China, and support for the world revolution.
This statement has a certain basis, but it is not tightly related to the anti-imperialist theme, and it is difficult to justify it in some places. While affirming that Kunlun is basically a positive image and is praised in terms of geographical and ethnic concepts, it is later reprimanded and slashed, and it becomes a negative image, negating old China from a political concept, which has caused confusion in the image and the stealing of concepts.
One is that the image of Kunlun is a negative image, symbolizing imperialism and all systems of exploitation, all reactionary forces, and all revolutionary obstacles. The reasons for this are relatively sufficient. First of all, it can be consistent from beginning to end, directly and powerfully expressing the theme, without the need to go around the bend. Secondly, the image is complete, the technique is novel, and the negative image of the behemoth reflects a taller positive image. Finally, it embodies historical materialism and dialectics, deepens the ideological basis of the theme, and summarizes a richer and deeper historical content.
This statement has a basis in both theory and fact. When Mao Zedong discussed imperialism, he often compared it to a big mountain and a proletarian revolution to moving mountains and digging mountains. The article "The Fool Moves the Mountain" says: "Now there are also two big mountains that weigh on the heads of the Chinese people, one called imperialism and the other called feudalism. The Chinese Communist Party has long been determined to dig up these two mountains. ”
In this word, the word is used as "cut", cut mountain. Moving mountains, digging mountains, and cutting mountains were Mao Zedong's tactics against imperialism.
Mao Zedong's anti-imperialist theme was determined, and the symbolic significance of Kunlun was also determined. Inconsistencies have become the same thing.
04
Some people say that in classical literature, Kunlun is a positive image, and Mao Zedong also regarded Kunlun as a positive image.
This is a good explanation, and listen to me slowly.
The symbolism of any object image has two sides, even multi-faceted. In classical literature, Kunlun is not all symbolic of a positive image. For example, Li Bai's "The Great Hunting Endowment": "The king ... So he relied on the Sword of Heaven, the Bow of the Falling Moon, the Kunlun Ling, and the Universe. "Kunlun here is a negative image that is to be cut down with a sword and shot down with a bow." So the Sword of Heaven and the Sword of Heaven are very similar, you say. Can you say that Mao Zedong's inspiration was not obtained from here?
In Mao Zedong's poems, the same image has different symbolic meanings, and there are many examples.
Take Monkey King, for example. Mao Zedong said in his article "An Extremely Important Policy": "Our New Fourth Army of the Eighth Route Army is Sun Xing and a little tiger, and it is very good to deal with this Japanese goblin or Japanese donkey.", And sun Xing here is like Sun Dasheng in "Hail Sun Dasheng Today", which is a positive image. However, Sun Wukong in "On Protracted War" has become a negative image: "My encirclement is like the palm of the Buddha's hand, it will turn into a five-element mountain that spans the universe, and these new sun wukongs, the fascist invaders, will finally be overwhelmed at the bottom of the mountain, and they will never be able to turn over." In the original note of the word "Kunlun", Sun Xinger is the third image used to foil the mountain cutter. Sun Xinger conquered the Flame Mountain with a banana fan. Mao Zedong conquered the Kunlun Mountains with his sword. One put out the fire, one cut the mountain.
Take Kunpeng as an example. "From Tingzhou to Changsha": "Ten thousand long wisps must tie kunpeng", the kunpeng here is a negative image. And "Bird Q&A": "Kunpeng spread its wings, ninety thousand miles, turning and shaking the horns." ", the Kunpeng here is a positive image.
Take mountains, for example. Mao Zedong's poems have the most images of the mountain. There are both positive and negative images. In the Sixteen-Character Order, "The mountain pierces the blue sky and is not broken." "The mountains here are positive images. In "Kunlun", "Ande leaned on the heavens to draw the sword, and cut Ru into three sections?" The "Ru" here refers to the Kunlun Mountain, which is the negative image.
No literary image is isolated, nor is its symbolism singular and one-sided. To arbitrarily assume that an image can only be, always a positive or negative image, is a methodological mistake.
Writing this, I suddenly thought that in Mao Zedong's poetry, the symbolic meaning of the image is not only two-sided and multi-faceted, but also becomes a contradiction of opposites and unity, becoming a yin and yang pole, a gossip chart, and a round-robin game.
Take the people of heaven and earth as an example. You see:
June Heavenly Soldier Conscription Of Corruption.
The mountain, pierced the blue sky and was not damaged.
Andre drew his sword and cut Ru into three pieces.
Heaven signs evil (man), mountains (earth) pierce the heavens, and man cuts the mountain.
Heaven is evil, heaven is a positive image, and man (evil) is a negative image.
The mountain stabs the sky, the sky is the negative image, and the mountain is the positive image.
Man cuts the mountain, man is the positive image, the mountain is the negative image.
It's really interesting, this yin and yang pole, this gossip diagram, spinning like a wheel, you can see clearly, can tell, who is? Who is not? Who's right? Who opposes?
This is the charm of symbolism.
05
Born out of nowhere, Mang Kunlun, reading the spring colors of the world.
Born out of nowhere: across space, higher than the world. Mang: Willingness is lush and vast. It's wild, untamed, undeveloped. Read the spring colors of the world: see all the beautiful spring light in the world.
These three sentences, one or two sentences are reversed. The logical order is: Mang Kunlun, born out of nowhere, reading the spring colors of the world. These three sentences are not praises for Kunlun, but expository and condemnatory descriptions. Focus on depicting kunlun's first characteristic - tall.
Across the sky, is to grow up. Born, is Gao Jun. He came out of nowhere and painted Kunlun, a behemoth who dominated the clouds and the sky, and was aggressive and fierce.
Reckless, both huge and rude. Further expose Kunlun's bloated appearance and rough and untamed nature.
Reading exhaustion is a crime produced by tallness, which is combined to create a huge and incomparable negative image that threatens the world and seems to be a hegemonic figure above the world. Reading exhaustion here is not the meaning of experiencing everything, but the meaning of seeing, enjoying, dividing, and dominating the end. It means that it has been seen for a long time, so that it can "read out" the "spring colors of the world" for generations. It also refers to seeing far in space, so that the "spring colors of the world" from all continents and four seas can be "read out".
These three sentences, using the longitude and latitude of time and space, and using anthropomorphic techniques, depict kunlun's tall image. Born out of nowhere, Mang Kunlun. It is written from a spatial point of view. Across the sky, high. Reckless, big. Read the spring colors of the world. It is written from the perspective of time. Read the world, a long time. How long is the human world? It's been hundreds of thousands of years. It can read the human world, and it must have arisen before the human world.
Three sentences, all use anthropomorphic techniques. Born, anthropomorphic. Reckless – reckless, anthropomorphic. Reading spring colors, anthropomorphic. Born out of nowhere, born suddenly. What did it do when it was suddenly born and came into this world? It turns out that there are endless spring colors in the world! There are spring, summer, autumn and winter in the human world, why does it only read spring colors? Because spring is the most beautiful. It loves beauty, it only reads spring colors. How well a "reading" word is used! Read, watch with pleasure, look carefully. It's appreciating!
Mang Kunlun, big man, great husband, masculine. Spring color, beautiful, beautiful, feminine. One yang and one yin, one rigid and one soft. Heroes love beauty, human nature.
Three million jade dragons flew up, stirring up the cold of Zhou Tian.
Three million jade dragons flew up. It is both an exaggeration and a metaphor. What is this jade dragon? Is it snow, or is it mountain? The ancients said it was snow, Mao Zedong said it was a mountain.
It is snow, not snow on the mountain, but snow in the sky, snow that goes down from heaven to mountain. The snowflakes of Yanshan Mountain are as big as a mat, and where there are snowflakes of Kunlun Mountain, they are big. The snowflakes of Kunlun Mountain are as big as dragons! Li Bai's handwriting is not as good as Mao Zedong's!
It is a mountain, a large and small mountain range of the Kunlun Mountain System, like a jade dragon that soars, like a jade dragon that takes off. It is the same realm as the "mountain dancing silver snake, primitive wax statue", the same artistic conception.
It's snow, it's the mountains, it's all right.
Stir up the cold of the week. Who's stirring? Is it the mountains, or the snow? None of them, they are their incarnations, the Jade Dragon. It was Jade Dragon's protest against Kunlun. You Kunlun want to read all the spring colors, my jade dragon will desperately not give you spring colors, I want to give you winter colors, see if you read or not.
The weather is cold every day - thousands of miles of ice, thousands of miles of snow. "Qinyuan Spring Snow" has laid the groundwork here. It's the cold weather, not the surrounding cold. Sunday – on earth. The world is cold, there is no spring color in the world, see how you Kunlun read, what to read? This is the Jade Dragon challenging Kunlun, this is the Jade Dragon fighting kunlun.
How well a "stirring" word is used! You Kunlun want to read the spring color, and my jade dragon will stir up your spring dreams.
In summer, the rivers are overflowing, and people may be fish turtles.
Dissolution of dissolution, some versions are "melting".
The jade dragon was gone, and Jin Wu was coming. Winter is gone, summer is here. The Jade Dragon is not gone, the Jade Dragon is defeated. The strong have their own strong hands. The Jade Dragon was not defeated by Kunlun, but by Jin Wu. The Jade Dragon failed, but it was not willing to fail, and it wanted to take revenge in another form. The jade dragon fell, and the jade dragon melted. The blood in its corpse, the white blood, rushed down from the Kunlun Mountains and overflowed the rivers, so that many people, some people, became fish turtles, into food for fish and turtles.
Humans or turtles. It has been around since ancient times. "Zuo Chuan Zhao A.D.": "Wei Yu, Wu Qiyu Hu! Without Da Yu Zhi Shui, we would all become fish! The Book of the Later Han Dynasty, The Chronicle of emperor Guangwu: "When the water is irrigated, millions of people can be turned into fish." Liu Xiaobiao of the Liang Dynasty", "The Theory of Discernment": "The capital of the Calendar Sun, turned into a fish turtle."
In winter, the Sunday is cold. In summer, man-made fish turtles. Sin, sin, sin is great!
Is this the sin of the Jade Dragon? Is this the sin of Jinwu? Is this the sin of snow? None of them, none of them. This is the sin of Kunlun, the sin of Kunlun. Only because it is greedy for spring color!
Spring color can not be greedy. Mountains are like this, people are like this. Remember, remember.
Who has ever commented on the sin of a thousand autumns?
Meritorious sin, partial compound word, sin also.
Since Pangu opened the world, which world has not seen it. Ever since Kunlun came out, which winter and summer had not been guilty.
But who has commented on it? No one has commented on it, no one dares to comment on it. It's horizontal, it's reckless, it's the first in the world. It dominates spring and autumn and endangers winter and summer.
And now I call Kunlun: don't be this high, don't be so snowy.
Now, as opposed to Qianqiu, who do I take care of? Echoing back and forth, up and down.
Drink order three mountains and five mountains to open the road, I come also! Drink Ling Kunlun listened to the comments, I come also! Now, at this moment, I command you, don't be so high, don't be so snowy.
Who am I? Dare to speak in this tone to Kunlun?
Am I the author? It is the author, the author zhi gao yuntian. I am not the author, I am the earth, I am the master of all things on the earth, I am the giant who stands tall in the sky, I am the master of Kunlun! You read the spring colors of the world. The Jade Dragon can't control you, and Jin Wu can't control you. I can handle you! You are so tall, you are arrogant, you look at everything, you overwhelm everything? How snowy are you, just cold every sunday, just man-made fish turtles? Can't do it! Not allowed!
This giant, with the courage of Kunlun's conqueror and master, gave orders to Kunlun.
Who is this giant? To know who this giant is, we must first know what Kunlun is. What is Kunlun? Kunlun is the largest mountain system in China. Kunlun is the largest mountain system on Earth. Kunlun is the birthplace of the Chinese nation, Kunlun is the birthplace of the Chinese nation, and Kunlun is the residence of the Queen Mother. Who will be the one who can give orders to Kunlun and make Kunlun obey his orders? Who could it be? Jade Emperor also!
Is Mang Kunlun, who came out of nowhere, a taming tool that obeys orders? From its birth, it is determined that it is not this role. It doesn't obey, what to do?
ENDER: How, express expectations. Du Fu's "Washing Soldiers and Horses": "Ande's strong man saves the Heavenly River." "Leaning on the Heavenly Sword: Drawing the Heavenly Sword, inverted." "Gu Wenyuan Da Yan Fu": "The long sword Geng Geng leans on the outside of the heavens". Li Bai's "Song of the Linjiang King's Festival": "Ande leaned on the sky to draw a sword and cross the sea to behead a long whale." "Ru: You, refer to Kunlun. Cutting: Cutting, cutting. Here is the meaning of horizontal splitting, waist chopping.
If you do not obey my orders, dare to disobey my orders, do not lower your height, do not reduce the snow, do you want me to draw out the heavenly sword, cut you into three pieces, cut you into three pieces, and chop you into three pieces?
Cut? Cut. No way, it doesn't obey orders, it doesn't joke.
One section of Europe, one cut of the United States, one cut of return to the East.
Widow (wei position): Gift. Also: Return, return the goods to their original owners. Dongguo: Eastern countries, including China, Korea, Japan and other countries. Kunlun in a broad sense originally ran through the three kingdoms of China, Korea, and Japan.
After cutting you into three pieces, all of them are sent away, and they are sent far away, so that you can't recognize your home and can't come home. To whom? A section was given to Europe, where they did not have such mountains. A section was given to the United States, and they did not have such a mountain there. Haven't you always longed for the West? Then send you to the West, as you wish. One cut is returned to the countries of the East, and one foot, one leg, on the east side of your east, was originally stretched out there.
Ha ha! Not false at all. A hundred years ago, didn't all Chinese students study in Europe, the United States and Japan? And now too!
Taiping world, the world with this cool and hot.
Those Westerners, The Orientals, for hundreds of years, have long been eyeing the tiger and wanting to divide you. Well, give you to them, they are satisfied, they will never come to steal, come to rob, the world will be too peaceful.
Mao Zedong cut Kunlun and divided Kunlun for one goal, one ultimate goal--the Taiping World, and the whole world was hot and cold.
In the taiping world, the world is hot and cool - the human society is the same - communism. This was Mao's ultimate ideal or highest ambition. It and "count the popular characters, but also look at the present dynasty." "Like, it is the main idea of the whole word.
"Counting the popular figures, but also looking at the present dynasty" - socialism was Mao Zedong's domestic goal. "The world at peace, the world is hot and cold" – communism – was Mao Zedong's international goal.
This is a supreme realm!
If the subject of this word is interpreted in this way, then how noble and great is the subject of this word!
06
In short, this song borrows things to speak and borrows to play. Both, to exhaust the essence of the topic, but also, to prepare for the farthest reaches outside the topic. The aftertaste is endless.
Isn't such an interpretation absurd? Not ridiculous.
Mao Zedong annotated an anti-imperialist theme. As I said earlier, Mao Zedong's anti-imperialist theme was forced out by others. People insisted that Mao Zedong name the theme of "Nian Nu Jiao Kunlun". Mao Zedong was in his own political position, and out of historical and political considerations, he could only answer in this way, and could only make self-annotations in this way. Why do we insist on reading an anti-imperialist theme? Mao Zedong's other poems that do not have self-annotated themes, can't we read the theme freely?
Not all poems have a thematic thought. Not all poems have a single theme. We cannot be metaphysical, we cannot be mechanical materialist.
A hundred flowers bloom is to say creation; a hundred schools of thought are arguing, which is to say commentary. In fact, a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend, which is intertextual. Whether it is creation or commentary, it can bloom with a hundred flowers and a hundred schools of thought.
A single flower is not spring, a hundred flowers bloom in the spring and fill the garden.
Does "Dream of the Red Chamber" have the author's own notes? No. "Dream of the Red Chamber" can read different themes, why can't "Nian Nu Jiao Kunlun" read different themes? Does Hamlet have an author's note? No. "Hamlet" can read a thousand Hamlets, why can't "Nian Nu Jiao Kunlun" read a thousand Kunlun?