Important fact: Xia Hakka is the 16th most international communicative language in the world

Hakka is spoken by about 120 million people in the world, spread in more than 100 countries and regions around the world, is a veritable international language, ranking 16th in the world's population. It is the 16th most international communicative language in the world.

(1) Hakka (Xia, Hakka) ranks 16th among the 80 major communicative languages in the world

CHINESE, HAKKA China 120,000,000 Hakka

It is one of the official languages of Taiwan (the official language), one of the legal languages of the Republic of Suriname, and a tone language within the Chinese language family under the Sino-Tibetan language family, with the international language code: ISO 639-3 hak.

Hakka (see here for the rest) is a tonal language (or dialect of Chinese) under the Sino-Tibetan language family of Chinese. The Hakka dialect area is mainly concentrated in eastern Guangdong (Meizhou area, scattered chaoshan Raoping, Jieyang, Puning, Chaoyang and other places), northern Guangdong (Heyuan, Shaoguan, Qingyuan), central Guangdong (Shenzhen, Huizhou, Dongguan, Hailufeng, Guangzhou), western Fujian, Gannan into a large area of Ganmin And Guangdong Hakka area (Wuling area), is widely used in southern China (including Guangdong, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangxi, Sichuan, Hainan, Zhejiang, Hunan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macao and other places) and overseas Chinese communities. This language has a long history, and many scholars believe that this language is the official dialect of the Tang and Song dynasties in China, but in modern society, the Hakka dialects in various places show a certain color of the times. Historically, Hakka was one of the main circulating languages in the Lanfang Republic; it was once the "Chinese" of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, widely used in its official documents in linguistics. At present, Meizhou dialect (Meizhou Hakka dialect) and Huizhou dialect (Huizhou Hakka dialect) have become the lingua franca of Hakka people around the world and can communicate fluently. Hakka is spoken by about 120 million people in the world, spread in more than 100 countries and regions around the world, is a veritable international language, ranking 16th in the world's population. It is the 16th most international communicative language in the world.

(b) the languages spoken throughout the world and their corresponding populations

The top 11 people in order of native language population are:

(1) Chinese (20.7% of the world's total population)

(2) English (6.2%)

(3) Spanish (5.6%)

(4) Hindi and Urdu (4.7%)

(5) Arabic (3.8%)

(6) Bengali (3.5%)

(7) Brazilian Portuguese (3.0%)

(8) Russian (3.0%)

(9) Japanese (2.3%)

(10) German (1.8%)

( 11 ) French (1.4%)

Second indicator: How many people speak this language as a second language:

(1) French (about 180 million)

(2) English (about 150 million)

(3) Russian (about 120 million)

(4) Portuguese (about 30 million)

(5) Arabic (about 24 million)

(6) Spanish (about 22 million)

(7) Chinese (about 21 million)

(8) German (about 20 million)

(9) Japanese (approx. 10 million)

(10) Hindi.

Of course, the numbers in parentheses are only rough estimates, not and cannot be scientific statistics, but the order of priority is generally good.

Global communication medium: English Mandarin Chinese

Intercontinental communication media: French, Spanish, Russian, Arabic, Portuguese, Hakka (Hakka)

1. ENGLISH English

English, a West Germanic language branch of the Indo-European Middle Germanic language family, evolved from the ancient language spoken by the Germanic tribes of Anglo, Saxon and Judd from mainland Europe who immigrated to the island of Great Britain, and spread around the world through British colonization. Due to historical contact with multiple national languages, its vocabulary has changed from univariate to pluralistic, its grammar has changed from "more inflection" to "less inflection", and pronunciation has also undergone regular changes. Based on the number of native speakers, English may be the third or fourth largest language in the world (400,000,000 as a native speaker in 2007, 1,400,000,000 as a foreign language), but it is the most widespread second language in the world. More than 60% of the world's letters are written in English, and more than 50% of newspapers and magazines are in English. The cultural, economic, military, political, and scientific leadership of Britain and the United States over the last two centuries made English a quasi-international language. English is one of the working languages of the United Nations.

2. CHINESE, 1,176,000,000 Mandarin

Modern Standard Chinese refers to the language spoken in Chinese mainland and Taiwan, and is the official standard language of modern Chinese spoken and written language. Based on the grammar and pronunciation of modern northern Chinese, modern standard Chinese is the standard language for government, teaching, media and other standard languages, and is also a common communication language widely used by Southeast Asian and other overseas Chinese groups. Its title and definition vary from place to place, with "Mandarin" in Chinese mainland, "Chinese" in Taiwan, and "Mandarin" in Southeast Asia; due to regional differences, There are subtle differences in pronunciation and vocabulary between Mandarin, Chinese and Mandarin.

3. HINDI India Hindi

Hindi, also known as North Hindi, belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-Iranian language family. On 26 January 1965 it became the official language of the central government of India (along with English). Hindi and Urdu are the same language (called Hindustan), but the former uses Amagi, the latter uses Arabic alphabets, the former introduces a little more Sanskrit borrowing words, and the latter has more Arabic and Persian loanwords. Hindi and Urdu combined are the third largest language in the world, spoken by more than 900 million people (680,000,000 as mother tongues, 225,000,000 as foreign languages).

4. SPANISH Spanish

About 900,000,000 people are spoken in seven continents, mainly in Latin American countries (400,000,000 as native speakers, 500,000,000 as foreign languages). Many Spanish speakers call their language Español, while many Spaniards who speak other languages call Spanish castellano. On the other hand, people in Latin American countries prefer the word castellano because Español sounds more like a nation than a language. Spanish in English is Spanish, which is the English translation of Español. But in any case, the language is derived from a dialect spoken in Castile, Spain.

5. ARABIC Arabic

Arabic, the language of the Arab nation, belongs to the Semitic Semitic family (mother tongue: 422,000,000, non-native language: 246,000,000), mainly spoken in the Middle East and North Africa, and is now the official language of 27 Asian and African countries and 4 international organizations. Arabic is spoken by more than 240 million people, and Arabic is the religious language of Muslims around the world. Arabic has its dialect in each region due to its wide distribution, while "standard" Arabic is based on the Islamic classic Quran.

6. RUSSIAN Russian

It is mainly used in Russia and other member states of the former Soviet Union (164,000,000 as a mother tongue, 114,000,000 as a foreign language) and was once widely taught as the first foreign language in schools in the member states of the Warsaw Pact. During the Soviet period, the Russian language was greatly emphasized in its republics. While many of these former Soviet union countries are now beginning to emphasize the importance of the local language, Russian remains the most widely spoken language in these regions and is the language used in communication in these countries. Norwegian Russian is a mixture of Russian and Norwegian.

7. URDU Urdu

Lian branch (as a native speaker: 130,000,000, as a foreign language: 140,000,000). Urdu is about the 20th most commonly spoken language in the world, is pakistan's Chinese, and is one of the 24 prescribed languages in India. From a macroscopic point of view, Urdu can be considered part of Hindustani, all of which make up the 7th largest language in the world.

8. Indonesian Indonesian

Bahasa Indonesia is the official language of Indonesia (of which 17,000,000 are native speakers and 233,000,000 are non-native speakers). It belongs to the Malay-Polynesian language family. About 17 to 30 million people worldwide speak the language, and another 140 million use Indonesian as a second language. Indonesian and Malay are very similar. The ancestors of these two languages were originally the unofficial lingua franca of Southeast Asia. Therefore, people in the regions concerned can easily master this language when they learn it. In addition, with the dispersal of Indonesian immigrants and domestic workers working abroad, many Indonesian speakers spread to other regions. Most Indonesians are fluent in using Indonesian as a second language. These people speak the local language (e.g. Minangkabau, Javanese, etc.) at home or in the local community, and indonesian in formal educational institutions, national media, and other types of communication. Some East Timorese also speak Indonesian. The Indonesian name in Indonesian is "Bahasa Indonesia", which literally means "indonesian language". In English, Bahasa Indonesia is sometimes used directly to refer to Indonesian. Sometimes English speakers refer directly to Indonesian as "Bahasa", but "Bahasa" means only "language" in Indonesian and has the same word in Bahasa Malaysia.

9. BENGALI Bengali

The Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-Iranian language family, the official language of Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal and Tripura, speaks a population of about 27 million people (mother tongue: 189,000,000, as non-native speaker: 41,000,000), and is the second largest language of the Indo-Iranian language family after Hindi. Bengali speakers were found in the Bengal region, which is now Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal. Bengali, Assamese and Manipur all use the Bengal alphabet. Bengali is the mother tongue of Indian Nobel Larnath Tagore, Nobel Larnath Tagore.

Portuguese Portugal 191,000,000 Portuguese

Portuguese (português) is a language of the Romance language family. Countries and regions that use it include Portugal, Brazil, Angola, Macau, Spain, Mozambique and Timor-Leste, with a total population of more than 200 million. Portuguese is one of the few widely distributed languages in the world and the eighth most widely spoken language in the world.

11. ITALIAN Italy 190,000,000' Italian

Italian is the official language of Italy, San Marino, and one of the official languages of Switzerland, mainly concentrated in the cantons of Ticino and Graubonton. It is also the second official language of the Vatican (70,000,000 as a mother tongue, 120,000,000 as non-native speaker), used by some Italian minorities in Slovenia and Croatia. And is widely used and taught in Monaco. It is also widely known in the areas of Corsica, Savoy and Nice (historically speaking the Italian dialect before the French annexation). Albania is also widely used by locals. Italian was spoken in Italy's former colonies in Africa, such as Libya, Somalia and Eritrea. But its use is declining. During the Period when Eritrea was an Italian colony, Italian was the indicative language. By 1997, only one Italian language institute remained. Italian and the dialects of Italian were widely used by Italian immigrants and their descendants. In Western Europe, particularly Luxembourg, Germany, the United Kingdom and Belgium, the United States, Canada, Australia, and in Latin America, particularly Uruguay, Brazil, Argentina and Venezuela. In the United States, Italian is most spoken in four cities: Boston, Chicago, New York, and Philadelphia. In Canada, the Italian-speaking community is mainly in Montreal and Toronto. In addition, Italian is the second most commonly spoken language in Australia.

12. GERMAN, STANDARD Germany 185,000,000 German

A language of the West Germanic language branch of the Indo-European Germanic language family. The formation of the Common Standard of German can be traced back to Martin Luther's Bible translation. German is the native language spoken by more than 100 million people (105,000,000 as a native speaker, 80,000,000 as a foreign language). It was originally used in Germany, Austria, northern Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, South Tyrol in Italy, a small part of Belgium, part of Poland and part of Alsace, France. In addition, within Germany's former colonies, such as Namibia, there are large German-speaking populations, and in some countries of Eastern Europe, there are still a small number of German-speaking minorities.

FRENCH France 175,000,000 French

It belongs to the Indo-European Romance family and is one of the most widely spoken Romance languages after Spanish. French was the most spoken language in the world in the 11th century, except for Middle Chinese. Currently, 87,000,000 people worldwide use it as their mother tongue, and 175,000,000 others use it (including those who speak it as a second language). French is the official language of many regions or organizations (e.g. United Nations, European Union). French French and French Canadian France are the two major branches of French in the world, and there are big differences between them.

14. BHOJPURI India 170,000,000 Bojpur

Bojpur is a Bihar language spoken in the northern regions of India, including western states such as Bihar, northwestern Charkand, the Purvanchal region of Uttar Pradesh, and the southern plains of Nepal, which border India. Bojpur is also spoken in Guyana, Suriname, Fiji, Trinidad and Tobago, Mauritius, and can be said to be spoken in many states of the world.

15. JAPANESE JAPAN 130,000,000 JAPANESE

Japanese is a language spoken primarily by the Yamato peoples of the Japanese archipelago and is the official language of Japan. The genus of the language is controversial , with some arguing that it can be classified as an Altaic language family , while others consider it to be an isolated language or Japanese language family by Japanese scholars.

16. CHINESE, HAKKA China 120,000,000 Hakka (Xia, Hakka)

It is one of the official languages of Taiwan (the official language), one of the legal languages of the Republic of Suriname, and a tone language within the Chinese language family under the Sino-Tibetan language family, with the international language code: ISO 639-3 hak. Hakka is spoken by about 120 million people worldwide and is spread in more than 120 countries and regions around the world.

Hakka (see here for the rest) is a tonal language (or dialect of Chinese) under the Sino-Tibetan language family of Chinese. The Hakka dialect area is mainly concentrated in eastern Guangdong (Meizhou area, scattered chaoshan Raoping, Jieyang, Puning, Chaoyang and other places), northern Guangdong (Heyuan, Shaoguan, Qingyuan), central Guangdong (Shenzhen, Huizhou, Dongguan, Hailufeng, Guangzhou), western Fujian, Gannan into a large area of Ganmin And Guangdong Hakka area (Wuling area), and is widely used in southern China (including Guangdong, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Fujian, Hainan, Zhejiang, Taiwan, Hunan, Hong Kong, Macao and other places) and overseas Chinese communities. This language has a long history, and many scholars believe that this language is the official dialect of the Tang and Song dynasties in China, but in modern society, the Hakka dialects in various places show a certain color of the times. Historically, Hakka was one of the main circulating languages in the Lanfang Republic; it was once the "Chinese" of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, widely used in its official documents in linguistics. At present, Meizhou dialect (Meizhou Hakka dialect) and Huizhou dialect (Huizhou Hakka dialect) have become the lingua franca of Hakka people around the world and can communicate fluently. Hakka is spoken by about 120 million people in the world, spread in more than 120 countries and regions around the world, is a veritable international language, ranking 16th in the world's population. It is the 16th most international communicative language in the world.

17. PANJABI, WESTERN Pakistan 104,000,000 Punjabi

Like other Northern Indian languages, Punjabi evolved from Sanskrit. Punjabi is divided into Western Punjabi, Lehnda (ਲੇਹੰਦਾ) or Lahnda (ਲਹਿੰਦਾ) and Eastern Punjabi. Siraiki and Hindko are also often seen as dialects of Punjabi. Punjabi is the sacred language of Sikhism, and the Sikh classic Guru Granth Sahib is written in Punjabi. Punjabi is also the main language of Bhangra music popular in northern India and Pakistan. The vocabulary of modern Punjabi is influenced by other languages, including Hindi, Farsi and English. Overseas Punjabis also borrowed new vocabularies from Spanish and Dutch. A new branch of The Punja language, called Diaspora Punjabi, is developing and is constantly differentiating itself from the Punjabi languages of the Indian subcontinent. Punjabi has several different writing systems, and its use varies according to different regions, dialects and religious beliefs. Sikh believers tend to use the Gurmukhī alphabet. Hindu believers in other provinces mostly use the Amagi alphabet. The Gurmukhī and Shahmukhi alphabets are the two most commonly used written letters in Punjabi and are often considered official letters.

18. MARATHI India 90,783,000 Malathi

Marathi is one of the 22 prescribed languages of India and has approximately 90 million speakers in Maharashtra, of whom 70 million are native speakers and 20 million are second language speakers.

FARSI, Western Iran 82,280,000 Persian

Persian is an Indo-Iranian language family of Indo-European languages and is a language with a long tradition spoken in countries such as Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan. As immigrants moved from these countries into the surrounding areas, many countries now have Persian-speaking communities. For historical and religious reasons, nearly 60% of modern Persian words come from Arabic, which belongs to the Semitic language family. Persian is spelled in the Arabic alphabet and, like Arabic, Persian is read from right to left.

20. JAVANESE Indonesia, Java, Bali 80,000,000 Javanese

Javanese is the main language spoken by the inhabitants of the eastern and central java islands of Java, one of the four main islands of Indonesia. Javanese is a branch of the Malay-Polynesian language family of Austronesian languages, and is a close relative of Indonesian and Malay, with a linguistic population of 75.5 million. Many Javanese speakers also speak Indonesian, but Javanese is mainly spoken in daily life.

21. VIETNAMESE Viet Nam 79,662,000 Vietnamese

Vietnamese is the Chinese of Vietnam, with 85 to 90% of Vietnamese speaking it as their mother tongue, as well as the 3 million Vietnamese living overseas and the Jing ethnic group living in Guangxi, China. Historically, Vietnamese has used Chinese characters and murmurs, while in modern times it has been written using the Chinese characters (Chữ Quốc Ngữ, Chinese) based on the Latin alphabet with several new letters and tonal symbols.

22. KOREAN KOREA, South 78,000,000 Korean

Korean (조선어), or Korean Chinese (한국어), or "Korean" for short, is a language that is popular on the Korean Peninsula (한반도/Kan Peninsula) and its vicinity in Northeast Asia. In the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), the above language is officially known as 조선어 (Korean) and in the Republic of Korea (Korea), the above language is officially known as 한국어 (Korean Chinese).

23. CHINESE, WU China 77,175,000 Wu

It is stipulated as a Dialect of Chinese, and there are differences between China and the world linguistics in terms of linguistic classification. Linguists generally believe that if two discourses cannot be directly communicated, the two can be defined as two different languages; if there is a large or small difference between the two, but the two can be directly called, the two can be defined as two dialects of the same language. According to this classification standard, Wu and Northern dialect cannot be spoken and should be classified into two different languages. There are political and cultural considerations in the classification of language, so most Chinese and Chinese dialectians classify Wu as a dialect of Chinese. The Wu language "Wu" is the continuation of the ancient regional name, because the geographical range of the Wu language distribution is roughly the same as the core area of the two areas called "WuDi" since ancient times.

TAMIL India 77,075,000 Tamil

It is a language with a history of more than 2,000 years (of which 68,000,000 are native speakers) belonging to the Dravidian language family, which is spoken in southern India and northeastern Sri Lanka. It is the official language of Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry. Tamil speakers are also spoken in many Indians in the Indian and South Pacific Oceans, scattered throughout Madagascar, Mauritania, Fiji and other places. According to statistics, in 2004, Tamil ranked 20th among the world's linguistic population, with a language population of 77 million people.

TELUGU India 74,350,000 Telugu

Telugu is the official language of the Indian state of Andhra pradesh and belongs to the Dravidian language family.

26. THAI Thailand 65,047,000 Thai

Thai is the official language of Thailand. It belongs to the Dongtai language family of the Zhuang Dong language family. Thai is an analytical language, and different tones have the function of distinguishing vocabulary and grammar. Thai is the language of the main ethnic group in Thailand, the Thai character is the self-designation of the Thai people, the Thai language is Made, and the English is Thai. Taiwanese is a collective term for the Taiwanese branch of the language, including Thai and many other languages, and the Taiwanese English is tai.

Turkish Turkey 63,000,000 Turkish

A language currently spoken by 73 million people, belonging to the Altaic Turkic language family, spoken mainly in Turkey itself and spoken in Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Greece, Macedonia, Romania, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, as well as millions of Turkish immigrants living in Western Europe (mainly in Germany). Turkish is the most commonly spoken language among the Turkic languages.

SINDHI Pakistan 54,300,000 Sindich

Sindhi is the language of the Province of Sindh in South Asian Pakistan. Both countries recognize Sindhi as the legal language. The Sind germans in Pakistan are concentrated in Sindh Province, but also in the eastern balochistan and in the Kachi district of the Indian state of Gujarat, and others are scattered everywhere. In 1947, India became independent from Britain, and Sindh became part of Pakistan, with a large number of Sinds emigrating there. Now Shinde is generally written in Indian Celestial Or extended Arabic script.

29. CHINESE, GAN China 50,580,000 赣语

Gan (International Phonetic Alphabet: [kon ȵi]) is a tonal language of the Sino-Tibetan Chinese language family, mainly in northern Jiangxi, southeastern Hunan, southeastern Hubei, southwestern Anhui and northwestern Fujian. The population speaking Gan language is between 20 million and 50 million, accounting for about 3% of the Chinese population, ranking 38th in the world. Ganyu can be divided into nine dialects, with Nanchang dialect as the representative language or standard tone. At the same time, the degree of communication between the various parties within the Gan language is also very high. Gan is not strictly "Jiangxi dialect", in addition to Gan language in Jiangxi, there are Hakka, Wu and Jianghuai guan dialects, Southwest Mandarin and other Chinese dialects distributed. At the same time, provinces such as Hunan, Fujian, Anhui, Hubei and other provinces also have Gan language population distribution.

30. CHINESE, MIN NAN China 49,000,000 Hokkien

In some places, it is also known as Helao dialect (or Xuelao dialect, Fulao dialect, Heluo dialect), Fujian dialect, which belongs to the Chinese Min dialect and is also the most influential Min language. In terms of linguistic classification, Chinese Chinese scholars mostly believe that Minnan is a Chinese dialect, and Western scholars mostly believe that it is a language and belongs to the Chinese ethnic group. The definition of the word Min Nan is divided into broad and narrow senses, which refer to the collection of academic pan-Hokkien languages, and the narrow sense refers only to the local Hokkien languages of Min Nan. It is mainly distributed in southern Fujian, Chaoshan region in eastern Guangdong, Leizhou Peninsula in western Guangdong, Zhanjiang, Dianbai, Hainan Island, Longyan urban area and Zhangping area in western Fujian, Fuding area in Ningde City, eastern Fujian, cangnan in southern Zhejiang, Pingyang, parts of Dongtou, as well as some countries and regions in Taiwan and Southeast Asia. The Taiwanese dialect spoken in Taiwan is a branch of hokkien. The Teochew dialect that is spoken along the eastern coast of Guangdong is also a different shard of The Hokkien language.

31. UKRAINIAN UKRAINE 47,400,000 Ukrainian

It is a Slavic language spoken by the Slavic language family second only to Russian and Polish, and belongs to the East Slavic branch of the Slavic language family. The phonology, grammar, and vocabulary of Ukrainian are similar to those of Russian and Belarus, but Ukrainian speakers are not allowed to speak freely to users of both languages. Ukrainian is written in the Cyrillic alphabet, which is different from the Russian alphabet.

GUJARATI India 46,100,000 Gujarati

Gujarātī is an Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-Iranian language family, one of the 22 official languages and 14 regional languages of India, and is also a minority language in Pakistan. The language is spoken by approximately 46 million people worldwide, making it the 23rd most spoken language in the world. From the main distribution of the population used, India 45.5 million, Uganda 150,000, Pakistan 100,000, Kenya 50,000.

33. CHINESE, JINYU China 45,000,000 Jin

Jin is a type of spoken Chinese language, but linguists have not yet agreed on the status of Jin in the many categories of spoken Chinese. Some people believe that Jin should be classified as a kind of official language, while others believe that Jin should be a family of many spoken Chinese languages. The Jin language is mainly distributed in: Shanxi Province, in addition to the lower valley of the Fenhe River, parts of central Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi provinces adjacent to the above two areas, including the cities in this area such as Taiyuan, Zhangjiakou, Hohhot, Jiaozuo, Yulin and other places. The total population of the Jin language is about 45 million.

MAITHILI India 45,260,000 Maitilli

Indo-Aryan language branch

35. KANNADA India 44,000,000 Kannada

Kannada, also known as Kannada, is the official language of the Indian state of Karnataka (mother tongue: 35,000,000, foreign language: 9,000,000) and belongs to the Dravidian language family.

Polish Poland 42,200,000 Polish

Polish is the main language of Poland. In fact, Poland has the highest percentage of speakers of the official language in Europe, with nearly 98% of Poles speaking their mother tongue, Polish. After World War II, a large number of Poles still lived in Polish territory partially incorporated into the Soviet Union, who were reluctant to migrate to their post-war homeland. By now, poles have become a large minority in Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine. In Lithuania, 9% of the population speaks Polish as their mother tongue. The Polish-speaking population accounts for 31.2% of the total population of Vilnius (the capital of the Republic of Lithuania). The large number of Polish speakers also exists in other parts of Lithuania. Since 2004, the Vilnius government has stipulated that the only official language is Lithuanian. In Ukraine, the polish-speaking regions are Ruwi and Ruk. The presence of Polish-speaking ethnic groups in western Belarus is an important component, particularly in the Brest and Grodno regions. There are also Polish-speaking populations in Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Brazil, Canada, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Kazakhstan, Latvia, New Zealand, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and the United States. The Polish-speaking population in the United States exceeds 1 million.

BURMESE Myanmar 42,000,000 Burmese

Belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family, The Tibeto-Burman language family (32,000,000 as a mother tongue, 10,000,000 as a foreign language). Burmese is the official language of the Union of Myanmar. There are about 25 million users in Myanmar. It is also found in small quantities in Bangladesh, Malaysia, Thailand and the United States. Burmese has a total of 33 consonants, which are spelled with vowels to form syllables. Burmese has four tones, namely: high flat, high low, low flat and short tone. Burmese is based on the Yangon tone as the standard tone. Burmese is a Brahmi script characterized by round shapes. Characters are composed of consonant letters and vowels that form syllabic symbols.

38. NEPALI Nepal 40,056,000 Nepali

It belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch and is spoken in some parts of Nepal, Bhutan, India and Myanmar (32,000,000 as a mother tongue and 8,000,000 as a second language). is the official language of Nepal. About half of Nepalis use Nepali as their mother tongue, while others use it as a second language. The language is pronounced "Khaskura" in Nepali and has had different names. The English is "Nepali" or "Nepalese", also known as "Gurkha" – the language of the Gurkhas (the main inhabitants of Nepal), while "Parbatiya" is the language spoken by the people of the mountainous regions. Nepali is the easternmost pahari language, a group of languages spoken at low altitudes in the Himalayas, spoken from East Nepal up to the Indian territories of Uttaranchal and Himachal Pradesh. The nepali language has developed very closely with a number of Tibeto-Burman languages, most notably the Nevar language, which shows the influence of the Tibetan-Burman language. Nepali is similar to Hindi, but slightly conservative, with fewer words from Persian and English and more words derived from Sanskrit. Today, the Sanskrit alphabet is generally used in Nepali. Bhujimol is an original Nepalese script.

39. CHINESE, YUE China 40,000,000 Cantonese

Commonly known as vernacular or Cantonese, it is a tonal language belonging to the Sino-Tibetan Chinese family. It is widely used in central and western Guangdong, south-central Guangxi, and some countries or regions in Hong Kong, Macau and Southeast Asia in southern China, as well as overseas Chinese communities, especially in North America and Australia. Its name derives from the ancient Chinese title for Lingnan , " Yue " ( Tong " Yue " ) . In terms of linguistic classification, there are differences between scholars in northern China and some scholars in the two provinces and the West. The former regards Cantonese as a dialect of the "single" language "Chinese" for political and cultural reasons, while the latter abandons political interference and believes that Cantonese is one of the "Chinese" languages and an independent language purely from a linguistic point of view.

HAUSA Nigeria 39,200,000 Hausa

Hausa belongs to the Afro-Asian Chadian language family (of which 24,000,000 are native speakers and 15,000,000 are non-native speakers) and are one of the three most important languages in Africa, the other two being Arabic in North Africa and Swahili in East Africa. It is a language of the Afro-Asian language family and is widely spoken in northern Nigeria, southern Niger, along the shores of Lake Chad, northern Cameroon, northern Ghana and other countries in West Africa in the Sarina Belt of Africa. There are currently about 50 million people in the world who can speak this language. It is not the official language of any country, but it has historically been recognized as a commercial communicative language in the West African region. Hausa began in the 17th century as an ajami (ajami) shape spelled in the Arabic alphabet, gradually changed to the Latin alphabet (boko) shape after the 19th century, and after the 1950s was mainly written in the (boko) form.

41. PASHTO, Pakistan 38,685,000 Pashto

Pashto is the national language of the Afghan Pashtun people, and is the official language of Afghanistan along with Dali. Use Arabic letters to spell.

MALAYALAM India 37,198,000 Malayalam

It is a language spoken in the southern Indian state of Kerala, belonging to the Dravidian language family, one of the 22 official languages of India, with a language population of about 37.19 million people. "Malayalam" means "man" in Malayalam.

43. CHINESE, XIANG China 36,015,000 湘语

It belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family, mainly distributed in a considerable part of Chinese mainland Hunan Province, Chongqing City near Hunan and parts of Guangxi; represented by Changsha dialect and Twin Peak dialects. The Xiang language can be divided into the New Xiang language and the Old Xiang language. The New Xiang language is mainly popular in Changsha and northern Hunan and is more influenced by the Official dialect and Gan language. Laoxiang is distributed in Hengyang City and Xiangxiang (including Shuangfeng County) and is less influenced by external dialects. There is a low degree of communication between the old and new Xiang languages. In general, the Southwest Dialect in the Guan dialect has been greatly influenced by the Xiang dialect in the process of formation, and the New Xiang language has also been greatly influenced by the Guan dialect in the process of formation, so the Southwest Dialect has a certain similarity with the New Xiang language. Therefore, some people also advocate the inclusion of the New Xiang language in the official language. However, a considerable number of people disagree, believing that there are many obvious differences between the Xinxiang language and the Southwest Mandarin dialect, such as the former retaining the innation tone more completely (most of the distribution of the latter has no inset sound), and the former's ancient voiced sound characters are now clear, but still do not send air tones. The fact that the two have a certain degree of intercommunication only shows that the southwest dialect is a "southern" official dialect. In fact, people who speak the New Xiang dialect tend to understand the Southwest Dialect more easily, and there are still quite obvious difficulties in understanding the Southwest Dialect. However, due to the mountainous southeast of Hunan, some counties are surrounded by mountains, and the local dialect is basically maintained in a state of initial harmony, and these scattered people in the mountains are from the Central Plains, because several southward migrations have brought some characteristics of the northern dialect, which have been preserved here. Fangsi Small Language Chinawaiyu.com

44. IGBO Nigeria 35,000,000 Igbo

Igbo is a language spoken in the West African country of Nigeria, belonging to the Atlantic branch of the Niger-Congolese language family, with a major language population of 35 million. The Igbo language is written in the Latin alphabet and has a tonal tone.

45. AZERBAIJANI, SOUTH Iran 31,364,000 Azerbaijani

Azerbaijani. It belongs to the Southern Turkic language family of the Altaic language family and has a great connection with the Turkish language. is the official language of Azerbaijan. Of the 2.3 to 30 million Azerbaijani speakers, about 1.6 to 23 million are in Iran, 7 million are in Azerbaijan, and about 800,000 in other, smaller communities, speak Azerbaijani.

46. ORIYA India 31,000,000 Oriya

It is one of the 24 official languages of India and is spoken mainly in Odisha. Due to labor migration, it is also popular in the western Indian state of Gujarat.

47. ROMANIAN Romania 28,000,000 Romanian

Romanian (limba română, International Phonetic Alphabet: /'limba ro'mɨnə/) is the official language of Romania (of which 24,000,000 are native speakers and 4,000,000 are non-native), and it belongs to the Eastern Branch of the Romance language family together with Italian. The romanian speaker population worldwide is about 26 million, and most of it is concentrated in the Balkans of Europe.

48. DUTCH Netherlands 27,100,000 Dutch

Belonging to the Indo-European Germanic branch, the West Germanic language is the official language of the Netherlands, Belgium, Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles (22,000,000 as a native speaker and 5,000,000 as a non-native speaker). It is used throughout the Netherlands and in the Flanders region of northern Belgium. Around 24 million people in Europe speak Dutch as their first language. Indonesia, which had been ruled by the Dutch for four centuries, also had daily use.

Sundanese Indonesia 27,000,000 Sundanese

is a language commonly spoken on the Indonesian island of Java. It belongs to the Malay-Polynesian language family of the Austronesian language family. (The detailed classification is: Austronesian language family – Malay-Polynesian language family – Western Malay-Polynesian language family – Sunda language family). The number of people who speak this language is about 27 million, accounting for 15% of Indonesia's population. There are four sunda dialects: banten dialect, Bogor dialect, Breanan dialect and Ciribun dialect. Among them, the Breanan dialect is the most widely spoken and is the main dialect of Sunda.

ZULU South Africa 26,000,000 Zulu

Zulu (Zulu: isiZulu) is a language spoken by Zulu people (of which 10,000,000 are native speakers and 16,000,000 are non-native speakers). It is currently used by about nine million people, 95% of whom reside in the Republic of South Africa. The mother tongue of 24 per cent of South Africans is Zulu, the largest language in South Africa, and about 50 per cent of the country understand Zulu (Ethnologue 2005). After apartheid, Zulu became one of the 11 official languages of South Africa in 1994. Zulu belongs to the southeastern branch of the Bantu language, also known as the Nguni Group. The Zulu language is also widely spoken in the provinces of KwaZulu-Nathor and Gauteng. Lesotho and Eswatini also have a small number of Zulu speakers. The Ndebele language of Zimbabwe, along with the Ngnoni language of Malawi, is a relative of zulu. All three can be traced back to the Zulu immigrants of the nineteenth century.

51. OROMO, WEST-CENTRAL Ethiopia 25,920,000 Oromo

Oromoo (also known as Afaan Oromoo, formerly known as Galla) is a Cushitic language belonging to the Semitic Kuhit language family, which is the language spoken in the northeastern African country of Isopia. Oromo is also spoken in northern Isopia and in Somalia, Sudan, Kenya and Egypt. Originally spelled in the same Giz alphabet as the Amharic language of Isopia, it has been finalized by the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) since 1991, changing from the Giz alphabet to 26 Latin letters.

52. SOMALI Somalia 25,000,000 Somali

Somali (Af Soomaali, Somali) belongs to the Semitic Kuhitian language family (of which 20,000,000 are mother tongues, of which 5,000,000 are second languages) and are the official languages of Somalia in the eastern African nation. Somali is also spoken in Ethiopia, Sudan, Kenya and other regions. After 1922, Somalia began to use the Osmanya spelling, and in the 1960s the Osmanian alphabet was used in parallel with the Latin alphabet. Since 1972, the Latin alphabet has been spelled in its entirety, although the Osmanian alphabet is also used for some private and special occasions.

YORUBA Nigeria 25,000,000 Yoruba

Among the Atlantic-Congolese languages, yoruba is spoken the most.

54. MALAY Malaysia, Peninsular 23,600,000 Malay

Linguistically, it is a Malay-Polynesian language family belonging to the Austronesian language family, mainly used in Malaysia and neighboring countries around Malaysia, such as Thailand, Singapore, Brunei, the Philippines, and parts of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. Before 1945, Malay was also spoken in many places outside of Sumatra, Indonesia. But after Indonesia declared its independence from the Netherlands that year, the Malay language spoken in the country became known as Bahasa Indonesia. In addition, Malay is a widely used working language in East Timor. In Malaysia, about 13 million people speak Malay as their mother tongue, or about 52% of the country's population. In addition, 10 million people in Malaysia speak Malay as their second language. In other countries, Sumatra in Indonesia also has a population of 10 million Malay speakers, Thailand has 1 million and Singapore has about 400,000 people

55. UZBEK, NORTHERN Uzbekistan 23,566,000 in Uzbek

Uzbek or Uzbek (Latin: O'zbek tili; Cyrillic: Ўзбек тили; Arabic alphabet : ) is an Altaic Turkic language and is the official language of Uzbekistan. The Uzbek language is spoken by about 23 million speakers and is spoken by people of the Uzbek ethnic group and Central Asia. The ancient Uzbek language is spoken in Sogdiana, Bactria and Khwarezmia. The vocabulary and grammar of Uzbek are almost identical to those of Uyghur, but are also influenced by Persian and Russian.

56. TAGALOG Philippines 22,000,000 Tagalog

Tagalog, also known as Tagalog, Tagalog, and Tagalog1, is a Malay-Polynesian language family belonging to the Austronesian language family in linguistic classification, mainly spoken in the Philippines. The so-called "Filipino", which is regarded as one of the Chinese and official languages of the Philippines, was developed with Tagalog as the main body. According to the census conducted by the Government of the Philippines in 2000, of the total of 76,332,470 Filipinos, 21,485,927 spoke Tagalog as their mother tongue. In addition, nearly 50 million other Filipinos speak Tagalog as a second language. Of the nearly 170 indigenous languages of the Philippines, Tagalog is the only language with official language status.

57. GREEK Greece 22,000,000 Greek

Greek (Ελληνικά), a language widely used in Greece, Albania, Cyprus, and Turkey, including some parts of Asia Minor. The vowels of the Greek language developed, and the Greeks added vowel letters. Because the Writing Instrument of the Greeks was a wax plate, sometimes the first line was written from right to left and then written from left to right, becoming the so-called "cultivated land" type of writing, and later gradually evolved into all left to right writing. Ancient Greek originally had 26 letters, which evolved and became 24 after the Homeric period, and has been used in modern Greek.

58. KHMER, CENTRAL Cambodia 21,600,200 Khmer

Khmer, also known as Cambodian, is a major language of Cambodia and belongs to the South Asian language family. In Cambodia, about 90% of the population (around 12 million people) speak Khmer, and there are about 2 million speakers in Thailand, Laos and Vietnam. The earliest documents date back to the 5th century.

AWADHI India 20,540,000 Awadine

Awadine belongs to the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian language family. It is mainly used by people from the Awad region of Uttar Pradesh, India, but also from Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Delhi and Nepal. Although today it is considered only a dialect of Hindi, before Hindi was standardized, Awadish was the second most important literary dialect besides Braj-Bhasha.

MALAGASY Madagascar 20,398,700 Malagash

Malagasy (Malagasy, maa.laa.gaas) is an Austronesian language, one of the official languages of Madagascar, which is close to southern Borneo, south of Caledamus, south of the Barito River, especially with 90% of the vocabulary being the same as Ma'anyan. This is because when Madagascar was colonized by the Indonesians between 1,500 and 2,000 years ago, many of the people were from Borneo. Modern Madagascars were originally colonized by Indonesians East Africans mixed with Arabs, and modern Malagasy also has some loanwords from English, French, African Bantu languages, and Arabic.

61. UYGHUR 20,000,000 Uyghur

Uyghur(ئۇيغۇرچە/Uyƣurqə/Уйғурчә, or ئۇيغۇر تىلى/Uyƣur tili/Уйғур тили), abbreviated as Uyghur, belongs to the Altaic Turkic language family and is a Uyghur language spoken. The main Uyghur language is distributed in Xinjiang, Uzbekistan, Saudi Arabia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkey, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Egypt, the United States, Canada, Germany, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Japan, Australia and other countries. Uyghur is divided into three dialects: Center, Hotan, and Rob, and the Robe dialect is in decline due to its declining population. The Uyghur nation used the Sogdian alphabet from the 5th to the 10th century and from the 15th to the 16th century, turkic Runi in the 8th century, and uighur alphabet extensively in the 10th and 18th centuries. When Islam was introduced, it switched to the Arabic alphabet and became the old Uighur (Uyghur Ereb Yéziqi). The Communist Party of China switched to Cyrillic spelling in 1949, but it aborted in 1959 as Sino-Soviet relations broke down. In the winter of 1959, China's State Council created a Uyghur script based on Hanyu Pinyin for uighurs in Xinjiang, or New Uyghur Pinyin Yéziqi for short. In September 1982 (Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Document No. XH-1982-283), the autonomous region resumed the use of the old Uyghur script based on the Arabic alphabet and further improved it. In order to standardize the transliteration of Viking Latin and its use on computers, Xinjiang University began to implement a new Latin Uighur (Uyghur Latin Yéziqi) in 2000, which was designated as the official script by the autonomous region. Uyghur languages in China now use old UY based on the Arabic alphabet and Latin ULY, while Uyghurs in the former Soviet Union use Cyrillic uighurs based on the Cyrillic alphabet (USY). According to linguists, Uyghur is very similar to Uzbek, so some people think that the two languages should be merged. However, there is still a general preference for separating the two.

SINHALA Sri Lanka 19,000,000 Sinhala

Sinhala is one of the official languages of Sri Lanka. It is the language of the majority of the population of Sri Lanka, the Sinhalese; the population is about thirteen million. Since 1956, both Sinhala and Tamil have been official languages recognized in the Constitution of Rilanka. Sinhala is a language of the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-Iranian language family belonging to the Indo-European language family. Dhivehi, one of the official languages of the Maldives, is a close language. The user's writing is in the Sinhalese alphabet derived from the Boromi script of northern India. As an island language, Sinhala has characteristics that other indo-Iranian languages do not have: it is influenced by foreign languages such as various Austronesian languages.

63. AKAN Ghana 19,000,000 Akan

Akan is a language that is mainly spoken in Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire, and is spoken by about 19 million people in total.

64. AMHARIC Ethiopia 17,413,000 Amharic

It is the official language of Isopia, spoken mainly by amharics from central Isopia and widely used in Greater Isopia. Amharic is mainly written in the Ge'ez alphabet, a script originally used to write the Giz language, belonging to the ancient Semitic language family, which was used in southern Arabia before the 4th century AD. Amharic has 36 consonant letters, seven vowels but no letters, and then 36 vowels are combined with seven vowels to form 253 "letters" (called "Medzi vowel synthesis letters" or "Fidel letters"), from the five sets of ('qaf', 'kaf', 'gäml', 'härm', 'h') the 'u' series of sounds, while the other groups have a complete 7 letters), punctuation letters have 6 (commas, periods). , colon, half colon, pre-colon, question sign), has 20 numeric sign letters whose values are (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50,60,70,80,90,100,1000).

65. HUNGARIAN Hungary 15,500,000 Hungarian

Hungarian, or Magyar (International Phonetic Alphabet: [ˈɒɟɒr̪]) is the official and main language of Hungary, and its population is distributed in other countries in Eastern Europe, including Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine, Serbia, Croatia, Austria, Slovenia and other places that belonged to Hungary before World War I. The Hungarian language is spoken by about 15 million people, of whom 10 million live in Hungary. Hungarian, along with the Khantic and Mansi languages of the Ob River in western Siberia, Russia, constitute the Ugric branch.

ASSAMESE India 14,634,000 Assam

Assamiya belongs to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-Iranian language family and is very close to Bengali. It is the language spoken by the native inhabitants of the northeastern Indian state of Assam and is the official language of the state. It is also spoken in other northeastern Indian states such as Arunachal Pradesh. There are a small number of users in Bhutan and Bangladesh. The language has over 20 million speakers. Grammatically, Assamese is influenced by the surrounding Sino-Tibetan languages and contains a rich quantifier system. This feature is not found in other Indo-Aryan languages.

67. ZHUANG, NORTHERN China 14,000,000 壮语

Zhuang is the language of the Zhuang people and is one of the great languages of China. If you add the similar Buyi, Daiyi, and Nong languages, the population used is close to 20 million. Zhuang belongs to the Taiwanese branch of the Dongtai language family of the Zhuang Dong language family, and is very closely related to Thai, Lao, Dai, Shan and other languages. Both the northern dialects of Zhuang and Buyi belong to the northern group of the Taiwanese branch, and the southern dialects of the Zhuang language and the Dai-Nong language of Vietnam belong to the central group of the Taiwanese branch. In addition, Thai, Lao, Dai, Shan and so on formed the Southwest Group of the Taiwanese Branch. Its grammatical body is similar to that of the Sino-Tibetan Chinese languages, but the morphology of the modified components is very different from that of most Chinese languages. In addition to being close to the other languages of the Dongtai language family, the underlying vocabulary and pronunciation system of the Zhuang language is also closer to the Cantonese language of the Chinese language, which originates from the Nanyue language, the common ancestor of these languages. Earlier, like Vietnamese, Zhuang borrowed the partial head of Chinese characters to create block characters to write their own language, and developed block Zhuang characters similar to the characters. After taking over the Chinese mainland regime in 1949, in order to reflect its ethnic policy, the Zhuang Autonomous Region was established and a Pinyin script based on the Latin alphabet was created, which was introduced in 1957. This kind of pinyin script has not been effectively promoted so far, so the scope of use is not large In 1982, due to the beginning of the social informationization, the government changed the original pinyin script using special characters to a new script that uses only the Latin alphabet, that is, the new Zhuang script, in order to facilitate the informationization of zhuang characters. Zhuang is spelled as the standard dialect of Zhuang, based on the northern dialect of Zhuang, with Zhuang dialect of Shuangqiao Town, Wuming County as the standard tone, and some vocabulary of other dialects. Zhuang language is still widely spoken in rural areas and some towns where the Zhuang people live, but zhuang language has not been popularized for various reasons; some Zhuang people scattered in some counties and cities have changed to Chinese as their daily language, but the proportion of urban Zhuang in the total population of Zhuang is not large, and the Zhuang people who speak Zhuang as their mother tongue still account for more than 90% of the Zhuang population. At the same time, more and more young Zhuang people have learned to use Chinese proficiently and become bilingual Chinese. The renminbi is printed with the name and denomination of the Chinese Minmin Bank in Zhuang script. Zhuang absorbs some modern Chinese loanwords from the local Ethnic Chinese language (the northern part is mainly the southwestern Chinese dialect, especially the southwestern mandarin Guiliu tablet; the southern dialect is mainly Ping dialect).

68. Czech Republic 12,000,000 Czech

It is a member of the West Slavic branch of the Slavic language family, and the languages belonging to the same branch are Slovak, Polish, Pomeranian, Sorbian and other languages. There are 12 million people who speak Czech, most of whom live in the Czech Republic.

69. KAZAKH Kazakhstan 12,000,000 Kazakh

Kazakh, belonging to the Altaic Turkic language family, is the language spoken by the Kazakh people. It is quite close to other Turkic languages, for example, Kazakh hello to say: yaqşime siz (hello) Uyghur says yaxshimu siz (also for your good). Daily communication with other Turkic-speaking peoples, such as Uyghurs, Kyrgyz, Tatars and Uzbeks, does not create much obstacle and generally does not require translation. The language is said to be a combination of Usun, Turkic and Mongolian influences.

70. CHINESE, MIN AT China 10,537,000 闽北语

Minbei dialect is Jian'ou dialect, Jian'ou ancient for Jian'an County, Jianzhou, Jianning Province of the seat of governance, for the northern Fujian political and cultural center, the dialect is common to northern Fujian, for the ancient Chinese, retained many of the phonetic characteristics of ancient Chinese and ancient Chinese vocabulary, word construction methods.

Swedish Sweden 10,000,000 Swedish

Swedish is a type of North Germanic (also known as Scandinavian) spoken in Sweden, Finland (especially Åland), with over nine million speakers. It is common to two other Scandinavian languages, Danish and Norwegian. Like other North Germanic languages, Swedish is derived from The Old Norse language. Old Norse was the lingua franca of Scandinavia during the Viking period.

72. RWANDA Rwanda 10,106,800 In Kinyarwanda

Kinyarwanda is the official language of Rwanda. Rwanda has a population of 8.01 million (1998) and consists of three tribes: Huttu (85%), Tutsi (14%) and Twa (1%). With 204.9 people per square kilometer, it is one of the most densely populated countries in Africa. The official languages are Kinyarwanda and French, and KISWAHILI is also spoken in business.

Bulgarian Bulgaria 10,000,000 In Bulgarian

Bulgarian ( Български език) belongs to the Yugoslav branch of the Slavic language family of Indo-European languages, and the speakers are mainly concentrated in and around the Balkan state of Bulgaria, and are also the official language of Bulgaria.

74.TATAR Russia 8,000,000 Tatar

Tatar, also known as Tatarça, belongs to the Altaic language family, originally in the Cyrillic alphabet, but since 2000 it has been used in the Turkish Latin alphabet. is a language spoken in the Tatar region. The Russian government made it possible to use the Cyrillic alphabet for Tatar, but it was strongly opposed by the Tatar government.

75. BELARUSAN Belarus 7,200,000 Belarusian

It is a Slavic language, the official language of Belarus, with phonology, grammar and vocabulary close to Ukrainian.

76.Tibet China Tibetan 6,150,000

Tibetan belongs to the Tibetan branch of the Tibeto-Burman language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family. It is distributed in four areas: Tibet Autonomous Region of China, Sichuan Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture and Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai and Yunnan Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. In Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bhutan, there are also people who speak Tibetan.

77.Yi China Yi 6,000,000

Yi is a script used by ethnic minorities in the Yunnan-Guichuan region of China. Also known as Yizi, Cuanwen, Yunshu, Tadpole, Nude, Nude, Bimo and so on. Due to the large internal differences, the modern Yi script that has been standardized is divided into three types: Yunnan Standardized Yi, Guizhou Standardized Yi, and Liangshan Standardized Yi (Sichuan New Yi).

Mongolian China Mongolian 5,700,000

Mongolian (Монгол хэл, Ancient Mongolian transliteration: mongɣol kele) is a language spoken by the Mongol people and belongs to the Altaic language family. There are many dialects of Mongolian, mainly divided into three dialects: Inner Mongolia, Verat and Balhu-Buryatia. Mongolian is particularly close to the Khitan language of the Liao Dynasty, but since this script has not yet been fully interpreted, it is difficult to make linguistic historical comparisons. At present, Outer Mongolia mainly uses the Cyrillic alphabet, while Inner Mongolia is still written in the traditional Mongolian alphabet. For convenience, a mongolian transliteration is used here, which represents the pronunciation of Mongolian in the mid-13th century, which is clearly different from the current dialect. However, from this writing it is possible to infer the pronunciation of the various dialects today, and it is difficult to make the opposite conversion (inferring the pronunciation of Ancient Mongolian from the present pronunciation).

Kyrgyz Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyz 5,000,000

Kyrgyz or Kyrgyz (Cyrillic: Кыргыз тили, Arabic alphabet : ) is an Altaic Turkic language that, along with Russian, is the official language of Kyrgyzstan. The Kyrgyz language is spoken by about 3 million people and is spoken by the Kyrgyz people from Kyrgyzstan, China, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan and Russia.

80.tajik tajikistan Tajik 4,380,000

Tajik (Tajik: Tоҷикӣ, Tojikí, ) belongs to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian language family of the Indo-Iranian language family. It is a descendant of the Persian language left in Central Asia. The language is widely spoken in Tajikistan and in Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and western Pakistan. At present, only Tajikistan has designated it as an official language, but in fact, in Bukhara, Uzbekistan, and Samarkand, the local Tajik language population is also quite large. Although an ethnic minority in the western part of China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region is called "Tajik" and their language is also officially called "Tajik" by China, it is not equivalent to the Tajik language spoken in Tajikistan, which belongs to the Celkhul and Wahan languages of the Pamir language family of southeastern Iranian languages. This language has been the lingua franca of the Pamir Plateau as early as the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Due to its wide influence in Uyghur, Chinese and other languages, Tajik in China is far from the standard Tajik language spoken in Tajikistan, but is very close to the Tajik dialect variants of other neighboring countries on the Palmi Plateau. Tajik is very similar to Persian, and many Tajiks see Tajik as a dialect of Persian. The Tajiks, under Soviet rule, were forced in 1928 to abandon the Arab-Persian alphabet in favor of an improved set of Latin alphabets. Later, an improved set of Cyrillic letters was used. The Tajiks living in Afghanistan continue to use the Arabic-Persian alphabet. During this period, for political reasons, Tajiks began to gradually regard Tajik as an official language rather than a dialect of Persian.