《君の名は。 (Your Name) is an animated film written and directed by Japanese animator Makoto Shinkai that tells the story of a male and female high school student who meets in a dream and finds each other.
But in fact, everything has its name, so that we can express it in life. And today I want to talk about the naming of the artifacts in the museum, in fact, in April last year, I wrote an article "In the glaze of green beans", to understand? In that article, I probably listed the naming methods of several items in the collection of the Guanfu Museum.
as:
▲ Yaozhou kiln green glaze engraved lotus pattern plum bottle
Including: kiln mouth + overall glaze color + process + main ornament + instrument type
▲ Huanghuali Baibao inlaid dragon pattern Luohan bed
Including: material + process + ornament + instrument type
▲ Black Eight Immortals Wish Shou Ling Mouth Plate
Including: craft + ornamentation + modeling characteristics + instrument type
This naming method is now the more common naming method in various museums, but it is not the same as the original name of the artifact. But have you ever wondered if the name written on the exhibition is the name it was when it was first born?
In fact, this problem is different for different collections. According to the previous collection field, if divided according to the major categories, it is generally divided into soft pieces and hard pieces, soft pieces refer to calligraphy and paintings and ancient books of inscriptions, etc.; while hard pieces include ceramics, bronzes, jade, gold and silver enamel glassware and bamboo and wood tooth corner paint and other miscellaneous items.
In these two categories, the former, especially in the Ming and Qing dynasties, often had an outer signature on the outside of the volume, mainly for the convenience of searching. For example, it is designated as the Song Dynasty Wang Ximeng's "Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" and its volume has a signature written by Liang Qing in the early Qing Dynasty, which has become a common practice in the Ming and Qing dynasties, providing the most convenient basis for determining the name of the museum exhibition in the future.
▲ In the early Qing Dynasty, Liang Qing's title "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" was signed
The latter is rarely directly inscribed on the utensils, the main reasons are ~ points: on the one hand, the hard films are mostly arts and crafts, and their production sites are mostly far away from the capital, and especially like ceramics and the like, the production volume is huge, so when naming, let the emperor finish firing one by one, it is obviously unrealistic. Therefore, after firing according to the pattern, when the local official or the kiln inspector sent someone to pay tribute to the porcelain and untie it into Beijing, there will be archives, but because the archives have been separated from the physical objects for a long time, the names often do not correspond. For example, in the book "Shende Tang System - The Palace Museum's Collection of Shende Tang Porcelain" published by the Palace Museum, there are many examples, such as the "Pastel Depiction of Golden Song and Dance Baby Drama Picture Ruyi Ear Bottle" on page 216 of the book, which can be found in the Qing Palace archives that it was paid tribute on December 20, 2010 of the Qing Daoguang, and its original recorded name was "Yangcai Song and Dance Fengnian Auspicious Celebration Bottle". It can be seen that the names in the court archives pay more attention to the meaning of festivities, so in the museum exhibitions, most of the longer appearances are the names of modern people.
▲ Qingdao light Pastel depicting golden song and dance baby drama picture Ruyi ear bottle
Collection of the Palace Museum
But there are exceptions to everything, and this time the exception is lacquerware. To be precise, it is the carved lacquerware of the Qianlong period. This is mainly because there was a considerable part of the carved lacquerware in the Qianlong period, in addition to the annual model, it will also belong to a special type of recognition to mark the content of the ornament, often referred to as the "famous color sign". For example, the Collection of the Palace Museum in Beijing", in addition to the annual model, is also engraved with the four characters of "Poetry Immortal Treasure Box" filled with gold.
▲ Qingqianlong Red Poetry Immortal Treasure Box Collected by the Palace Museum
▲ Corresponding to "famous color sign" and "annual model"
In the Forbidden City in Beijing, some lacquerware also appears in the same pattern, but it is a different name. The reason is that we can find in the Qing Palace archives that the emperor believes that the style or pattern of the good utensils often requires the office to keep samples for use when making similar styles in the future. One of the most classic examples is two red-cut lockets, both hidden in the Forbidden City in Beijing, one called "Lanting Treasure Box" and the other "Liuqing Treasure Box", with the same root and the same origin, and the main ornamentation is almost from the same painting. However, because of the color of each name, and the homogeneous and heterogeneous name, it has been two hundred years since the date of its birth, but the true color has not changed.
If you think about it, since the birth of mankind, there have been tens of billions of people passing through the world, and fewer than a few people can stay famous today, and the things we have come into contact with in our lives are countless. And a hundred years later, when things are not human, a thing can also pass on its own name to posterity, for it, it should be a fortunate thing...
▲ Qingqianlong Red Orchid Pavilion Treasure Box Collected by the Palace Museum
▲ Lanting treasure box "famous color stick"
▲ Qingqianlong Red Landscape Character Pattern Flow Chart Flat Round Box
Collection of the Palace Museum
▲ Liuqin Treasure Box "Famous Color Stick"