As a national drink, there are many rumors of soy milk.
"The man drank the change of mother?"
"Women drink breast cancer?"
"The child drank precocious puberty?"
"How much did you drink your aunt during menstruation?"
Well, basically people of all ages are involved, making people yearn for its good nutrition and at the same time discouragement.
So, how true or false are these rumors?
Today I will give you a few reassuring pills.
1
Will a man become a woman when he drinks it?
rumor
Soy milk contains phytoestrogens, men drink estrogen levels increase, there will be no beard, change of womanhood, breast development and other "change of wife" characteristics.
The truth
The phytoestrogen in soy milk, standing "C position" is soybean isoflavones. Soybean isoflavones belong to one of the bioflavonoids, which are themselves a class of secondary metabolites formed during the growth of soybeans, and are indeed more abundant in soybeans than other foods [1].
The reason why soy isoflavones are related to "estrogen" is because its structure is somewhat similar to estrogen, so it is also called "estrogen-like". So take advantage of the "convenience of appearance", these "estrogen-like hormones" can not only play a little role in the body when estrogen is insufficient, temporarily replace; they can also competitively bind to estrogen receptors when there is too much estrogen, preventing estrogen from being "too arrogant", that is, "two-way" regulation of estrogen.
It sounds cool, so will it affect men's sex hormone levels and thus make men a woman?
No, it won't.
Soy isoflavones are actually much less active than true "estrogen" [2]. A 2009 U.S. clinical meta-analysis evaluated the effects of soy isoflavone intake on male testosterone (the main male male male hormone), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), free testosterone, and free androgen index, concluded that soy isoflavones did not affect reproductive hormone concentrations in men of any age [3].
In these analyses, many studies consumed very high amounts of soy isoflavones (66-150 mg/day), and some were very high (150 mg/day), which greatly exceeded the typical Asian dietary intake (e.g., 25-50 mg/day in Japan, and less than this in Singapore and Hong Kong, China) [4].
And what about our intake in China? If adults consume 105-175 grams of soybeans per week according to dietary guidelines [5], an average of about 15-25 grams of soybeans per day (a small handful), make about 1-2 cups of soy milk.
The content of soybean isoflavones in different soybeans is different, you may wish to refer to the following table to do a simple calculation problem, then the average daily intake of soybean isoflavones is almost 20 to 30 mg, less than 50 mg. Compared with the previous analysis and research, this amount is simply "small witches see big witches".
In addition, the following table refers to raw soybeans, if made into tofu, soy milk, soy brain and other soy products, soybean isoflavones will have different degrees of dilution + loss, the content will decline.
Reference content of soy isoflavones in soybeans[1] (mg/100 g)
(Note: The content of soybean isoflavones varies in different varieties and soy products in different regions, and the above data is extracted from USDA for reference)
Therefore, eating soybeans and drinking soy milk every day will not make male compatriots lose their manhood.
However, many studies have found that eating soy products has many tangible benefits for men's health.
Needless to say, supplementary nutrition is more important than that there are certain health care values, such as reducing the risk of prostate cancer, protecting cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, etc. [2].
In short, both men and women, soy milk and other soy products can be eaten in moderation (refer to the dietary guidelines recommended).
If it is a qualityist, it can eat more [5].
2
Women who drink it are prone to breast cancer? Worsening breast hyperplasia?
The estrogenoids in soybeans increase estrogen levels, which can lead to breast cancer and breast hyperplasia.
Estrogen levels are too high, and indeed have a certain relationship with breast cancer and breast hyperplasia. But don't be nervous.
As mentioned earlier, the phytoestrogens in soybeans belong to the "estrogen-like hormones", which are relatively weak and far from being equated with real estrogen. Moreover, the regulation of "estrogen-like hormones" is still two-way, and it will not "obstinately" increase the level of estrogen in the body, but also help to regulate the excessive level of estrogen in the body [2], which can be described as "making up for the low and resisting when it is high".
At the same time, population-related studies have also demonstrated the friendliness of soy isoflavones to women's mammary glands.
In 2019, the European Journal of Epidemiology published a large prospective study of 300,000+ Chinese women and a meta-analysis of the associated dose-effects from participants aged 30 to 79 years in 10 regions of China [6].
The study found that moderate intake of soybeans was not associated with the risk of breast cancer in Chinese women; for women with BMI2, soybean intake was significantly negatively correlated with the risk of breast cancer; and moderate increase in soybean intake may also be beneficial for breast cancer prevention, with an additional intake of 10 mg of soy isoflavones per day reducing the risk of breast cancer by 3% [6].
(Figure: Relationship between soy isoflavone intake and breast cancer risk[6])
As also analyzed earlier, eating an average of 15-25 grams of soybeans per day according to the guidelines is equivalent to 10-45 mg/day intake of soybean isoflavones, which is equivalent to reducing the risk of breast cancer by 3-13.5%.
Although it is not excluded that a very small number of women may have a special sensitivity to soy isoflavones, it is no problem for most people to eat soy and its products in moderation, not only does not increase the risk of breast cancer, but also helps prevent breast cancer [6][7]. Even in patients who have been diagnosed with breast cancer, eating soy and its products in moderation is safe and helps reduce the risk of recurrence and death [8].
Similarly, eating soybeans will not increase the risk of breast hyperplasia and breast nodules, and you can also eat soybeans and their products in the case of these problems, including drinking soy milk.
3
The child drank precocious puberty?
This rumor also originated from the star component of soy milk, soy isoflavones. The previous analysis is also very clear to everyone, soybean isoflavones ≠ the true sense of estrogen, weak and two-way regulation, there is no scientific evidence that eating soybeans and soy products will make children precocious.
To prevent precocious puberty in children, the most important thing in the diet is to avoid eating too many high-sugar and high-fat foods and maintain a suitable weight.
In fact, soybeans and their products contain high-quality protein, minerals calcium, magnesium and potassium, soy lecithin, soybean oligosaccharides and so on have many benefits for children's health.
According to dietary guidelines, children aged 2-4 years can eat 35-105 grams of soybeans per week, 4-14 years old can eat about 105 grams of soybeans per week, and 105-175 grams per week after the age of 14 [5].
There is no problem in making other soy products, and the form can be eclectic.
30 g soybean ≈ soy milk 440 g≈ North Tofu 90 g≈ South Tofu 170 g≈ Lactone Tofu 210 g≈ Dried Tofu 65 g≈ Tofu Shredded 50 g [5].
It should be reminded that children within 1-2 years old are best not to drink too much soy milk soy milk so as not to affect the normal milk amount.
4
Will the aunt drink it increase the amount of blood?
There have been many studies on the levels of hormones related to perimenopause and menopause, and many results have shown that soy isoflavones help alleviate perimenopausal and menopausal symptoms [9][10].
However, for normal women, there is no scientific evidence that "drinking soy milk/eating soy products increases blood volume".
For an individual, under the influence of cyclical changes in estrogen and progesterone in the body, menstrual flow is generally relatively stable.
If there is an inexplicable excessive menstrual flow (more than 80 ml of total menstruation per time), it is best to go to the hospital for examination, or the possibility of disease is greater.
5
Gout patients can not drink soy milk?
It's not absolutely impossible to drink.
In the "Dietary Guidance for Patients with Hyperuricemia and Gout", the National Health and Family Planning Commission did not list "soybeans and their products" as foods to be avoided, and at the same time did not list them as "recommended choices" in the list of foods, that is to say, there is no restriction or recommendation for "soybeans and their products". Even during acute onset of gout, there is no naming of soy products that cannot be eaten [11].
Although the purine content per 100 grams of dried soybeans itself seems to be quite high, the key lies in the amount of food eaten, such as the total purine intake of a day during the acute attack of gout, it is recommended not to exceed 150 mg, if you can grasp the appropriate amount of eating is not impossible.
In addition, the purine content of soybeans in the process of making soy products such as tofu, soy milk, and water tofu will also decrease due to dilution + loss.
Of course, different varieties of soybeans, different dilution degrees of soy milk, the purine content is also different [12], if you feel uneasy or after eating the symptoms have worsened, then in the acute and chronic stages can choose not to eat soy products temporarily.
Purine content of some foods
(Chinese Food Ingredient List Standard Edition. 6th Edition/Volume II)
6
It is these people who really don't recommend drinking soy milk
Soy protein allergy
Soybeans are one of the common foods that are prone to allergies,
If you are allergic to the protein in soy, avoid ingesting soy and related soy products, including soy milk.
Infants up to 6 months of age
The World Health Organization, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Chinese Nutrition Society, etc. all recommend that babies within 6 months adhere to exclusive breastfeeding, which means that they should not feed their babies food and drinks other than breast milk, so babies should not drink soy milk within 6 months. Formula of choice for breastfeeding difficulties.
People who take certain medications
Food gram is not reliable, but there may be "gram" between food and drugs. Of course, there are many types of drugs, there are many food components, and there may be complex reactions between food and drugs.
For example, when eating ciprofloxacin and tetracycline drugs, if eaten with foods high in calcium (milk and dairy products, soybeans, soy milk and other soy products), it will reduce the absorption of drugs and also affect the nutritional value of food [13].
For the public, we don't know which kind of drugs and soy products may be "compatible", the most secure thing is not to drink soy milk and milk when taking medicine. In addition, it is best to read the instructions before taking the drug, and pay more attention to special instructions if there are special instructions.
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bibliography:
Yang Yuexin. Chinese Food Ingredient List Standard Edition. 6th Edition/Volume 1. Beijing:Peking University Medical Press,2019.]
LI Shuo,WANG Jian. Research progress in the clinical application of soybean isoflavones. Soybean Science, 2020.
[3] Hamilton-Reeves JM, Vazquez G, Duval SJ, et al. Clinical studies show no effects of soy protein or isoflavones on reproductive hormones in men: results of a meta-analysis. FertilSteril,2009.
[4] Messina M，Nagata C.et al. Estimated Asian adult soy protein and isoflavone intakes. Nutr Cancer，2006.）
Chinese Nutrition Society. Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents 2016.Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2016.
[6] Yuxia Wei, Jun Lv .et al. Soy intake and breast cancer risk: a prospective study of 300,000 Chinese women and a dose–response meta-analysis. European Journal of Epidemiology,2019.
Chinese Nutrition Society. Food and Health: A Consensus on Scientific Evidence. Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House,2015.]
Breast Science Group, Women's Health Branch of Chinese Preventive Medicine Association. Lifestyle Guidelines for Breast Cancer Patients in China. Chinese Journal of Surgery, 2017.
Guo Kaiping, Su Yixiang. Research advances on the effects of soy isoflavones on estrogen-related diseases in postmenopausal women. Soybean Science, 2008.
[10] Ye Yanbin, Wang Zilian, Su Yixiang, etc. Observation of the improving effect of soy isoflavones on perimenopausal symptoms in early menopausal women. Journal of Nutrition, 2008.
National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China. Dietary Guidelines for Patients with Hyperuricemia and Gout.2017.
Yang Yuexin. Chinese Food Ingredient List Standard Edition. 6th Edition/Volume II. Beijing:Peking University Medical Press,2019.]
[13] YANG Yuexin,GE Keyou. Chinese Nutrition Science Encyclopedia. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2019.