Mainland China has been ranked as the world's largest automobile producer and the largest new car market for many years, accounting for nearly one-third of the world's annual automobile production and sales.
Every year during the "two sessions", representatives from this ultra-large-scale production and marketing industry with 26 million vehicles will make various voices, and what suggestions will they bring to us this year?
Promote the rise of "C*Core" as soon as possible
As one of the important components of automobile production, chips are still an important topic at the two sessions. Relevant data show that the current self-sufficiency rate of mainland automotive chips is less than 10%, the localization rate is only 5%, and the supply is highly dependent on foreign countries. At the same time, the mainland's automotive chip industry is also facing problems such as lagging industrial chain development, weak research and development technology, lack of key manufacturing production lines, limited packaging and testing capabilities, and lack of talents. At this year's two sessions, the delegates' focus was first on how to promote the rise of domestic chips.
Zhang Xinghai, deputy to the National People's Congress and founder of Xiaokang Shares, believes that realizing the self-reliance and self-reliance and independent controllability of domestic automotive chips is the key to the mainland automobile industry from high-volume growth to high-quality core development, which will directly determine the international competitiveness and status of the mainland automobile industry in the post-epidemic era.
However, in terms of vehicle-grade chips used in the automotive field, its research and development cycle is long, the design threshold is high, and the capital investment is large, resulting in the current willingness of Chinese chip companies to develop vehicle-grade chips is not strong.
"At present, the price of a single chip is only about 1 to 3 US dollars, the price is low, and the market size is very limited, which is a very niche market." Wang Fengying, a deputy to the National People's Congress and president of Great Wall Motors, said that due to the meager profits of vehicle-grade chips, foundries are more willing to prioritize production capacity to consumer electronics chips with high profits, and the production of vehicle-grade chips is mostly monopolized by foreign companies, and it is difficult for Chinese chip companies to cut in.
In view of the existing dilemmas and problems of domestic chip companies, the industry generally believes that they should be overcome one by one from a stage.
Wang Fengying put forward the proposal of "national overall planning of resources and deployment of the automotive grade chip industry chain" to promote the rapid development of China's automotive grade chip industry, such as: according to the priority of time, short-term priority to solve the problem of "lack of core"; improve the industrial layout in the medium term to achieve independent control; and build a long-term introduction and training mechanism for industrial talents to achieve sustainable development.
She also suggested that the state formulate a 5-10-year automotive grade chip industry development plan, led by the state, to guide China's auto grade chip industry technology to keep up with the development trend of cutting-edge technology and accelerate development. At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the guidance of the downstream application industry to apply Chinese enterprise vehicle-grade chip products, and truly realize the market feedback to promote technology iteration.
Zhang Xinghai suggested that from the national ministry level under the establishment of automotive chip departments, the development of the automotive chip industry top-level design and supporting measures, while coordinating resources, overall management of domestic automotive chip research and development, manufacturing and application, etc., to ensure the efficient development of domestic automotive chips, as soon as possible to achieve domestic substitution.
In addition, Zhang Xinghai also suggested that the government introduce policies such as research and development subsidies, tax reductions, and financial discounts to accelerate the realization of "chip on the car".
Chen Hong, deputy to the National People's Congress and chairman of SAIC Motor, focused on the perspective of "industrial chain replenishment chain and strong chain", and he put forward the "Suggestions on Promoting the Localization of Vehicle Regulation Grade and Large Computing Power Chips to Support the Coordinated Development of the Domestic Automobile Chip Industry Chain", and suggested strengthening policy guarantees to promote the development of domestic large computing power chips. Since the outbreak of the epidemic, the automotive industry has continued to be affected by the "lack of core".
He believes that with the accelerated development of intelligent networked vehicles in the future, the demand for automotive chips, especially large computing chip chips, will continue to grow rapidly. Therefore, he suggested that through policy guidance and multi-party collaboration, a unified technical specification and standard for vehicle-level chips should be established, and a third-party testing and certification platform should be established; it is recommended that the state take the lead in setting up special funds to encourage chip companies and automobile companies to participate together and accelerate the formation of domestic large-scale computing chip research and development, manufacturing and application capabilities.
Specific to the level of technology and research and development, Chen Hong believes that in the node of the high-speed transformation of the automobile industry to intelligence, networking and electrification, there is a huge gap in the large computing power and high-performance vehicle specification chip. He suggested that while studying domestic on-board large computing chip, it is also necessary to strengthen the synergy between the vehicle specification chip and the intelligent car operating system, and at the same time establish automatic driving classification standards, and cover the chip certification to form a supervision and collaboration of software and hardware integration.
Zeng Qingzehong, deputy to the National People's Congress and chairman of the GUANGZHOU Automobile Group, suggested that in the short term, it is necessary to coordinate and stabilize the market as soon as possible to ensure chip supply, and in the long run, overseas automotive chip companies should be actively guided to invest in China, strengthen node research, and make breakthroughs in the field of automotive chip research and development, manufacturing, packaging and other card necks.
Shao Zhiqing, deputy to the National People's Congress and full-time deputy chairman of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Zhi Gong Dang, proposed for the development of integrated circuit materials in research and development, standards, platforms, etc., first of all, to accelerate the construction of integrated circuit characterization testing and application research platforms, open up the above process channels; secondly, we must establish relevant industry standards and evaluation systems for integrated circuit materials, and study and determine the key performance indicators and process standards of materials according to the actual needs of downstream chip manufacturers.
In addition, in terms of increasing support and talent introduction, Wang Fengying believes that cultivating automotive chips is the key to promoting the long-term sustainable development of domestic chips. She suggested that from the top-level design, we should step up the long-term strategic layout, establish a long-term mechanism for the introduction and training of talents in the vehicle-grade chip industry, and effectively implement the construction of the semiconductor industry technical talent echelon.
Intelligent networking to solve the "card neck" problem
The high-profile intelligent network technology is still one of the focuses of the automotive field representatives and committee members. Software will define the future direction of the car, has become the industry consensus. In the view of Chen Hong, deputy to the National People's Congress, secretary of the party committee and chairman of SAIC Motor, the automobile has gradually changed from a "hardware-based" industrialized product to a new mobile intelligent terminal that can learn, evolve and grow by itself. ”
Therefore, he suggested further increasing support for core technology research, through special fund support and other means, encourage and guide enterprises to independently control the operating system, wire control chassis and other core software and hardware research and development capabilities, accelerate the formation of industry standards, and achieve product technology scale as soon as possible.
Zeng Qinghong, deputy to the National People's Congress and chairman of the GUANGZHOU Automobile Group, submitted a motion to promote the rapid development of intelligent driving vehicles. The bill will add and clarify the definition of "robot driver", while adding the mandatory provision that "intelligent driving cars should install a black box for key data storage or cloud backup of key data", as well as relevant legal provisions on "including intelligent driving car product liability insurance in the scope of compulsory insurance and dispersing the risks of relevant responsible entities".
Zhou Hongyi, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and founder of 360, issued a proposal saying that it is necessary to conduct penetration testing of the vehicle network before leaving the factory to ensure the safety and continuous safety of the automotive system, and to break through the data barriers of the automobile, car enterprises, supply chain and other platforms as soon as possible, and to ensure the ecological safety of the vehicle through big data.
Zhu Huarong, deputy to the National People's Congress and chairman of Changan Automobile, said that the development and safety of intelligent and connected vehicles are indispensable, and the development of intelligent vehicles should be guaranteed by improving laws and regulations, strengthening policy guidance and accelerating industry cooperation, and formulating data security and privacy protection requirements.
Not only the core software, but also the creation of the overall software system, with the increase of intelligence, the role of the car operating system in the vehicle will become greater.
Fang Yunzhou, deputy to the National People's Congress and chairman of Nezha Automobile, believes that the accelerated development of new technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data has put forward new challenges for the development of China's intelligent automobile industry, mainly including the three major challenges of vehicle operating system, vehicle high-performance chips and automotive intelligent security.
In his view, especially the car operating system, has become a "card neck" technology in the development of China's intelligent cars. Therefore, at this year's two sessions, he put forward a proposal for the overall construction of intelligent car operating system ecology.
The proposal revolves around the automobile operating system, he said: "It is the basis for reconstructing the industrial chain and technical chain of intelligent networked vehicles, and even affects the future development direction of the entire automobile industry, and the mainland wants to change from an automobile power to an automobile power, which is a key technology that must be mastered." ”
In the direction of "the development of intelligent and connected vehicles", Chen Hong also suggested that laws and regulations should be adjusted and improved to accelerate the commercialization. To promote the faster development of intelligent networked vehicles, especially to achieve the landing of autonomous driving technology, it is also necessary to achieve breakthroughs in laws and regulations. For example, it is proposed that the legal status of autonomous driving systems be clarified in the Road Traffic Safety Law, and standard rules and disposal mechanisms for the division of responsibilities between human drivers and "autonomous driving systems" (car companies, parts suppliers, etc.) are established.
He also suggested that in the "Measures for the Administration of Road Motor Vehicle Manufacturers and Product Access", a grade evaluation and certification system and access mechanism for "automatic driving systems" should be established.
New energy power battery materials are included in the national strategic reserve resource management
According to the latest data from the China Automobile Association, the production and sales of new energy vehicles in mainland China in 2021 will be 3.545 million units and 3.521 million units, respectively, an increase of 1.6 times year-on-year. In terms of automobile exports, in 2021, the mainland exceeded 2 million units for the first time, an increase of 101.1% year-on-year, of which the export of new energy vehicles increased by 304.6% year-on-year.
Focusing on the safety of lithium ore resources, the construction of energy replenishment and power exchange systems, and the strengthening of new energy charging infrastructure, a number of representatives of the automotive industry put forward quite "grounded" opinions and suggestions. Along with the rapid development of the mainland's new energy industry, the price of lithium resources has also soared rapidly.
Public information shows that the world's lithium resources are abundant, but 80% are distributed overseas. Continental's lithium resource reserves rank sixth in the world, but with low grades and scattered resources. In 2021, the external dependence of lithium raw materials in mainland China will be about 70%. In this regard, many representatives and members called for accelerating the development of local lithium resources and ensuring the safety of domestic lithium resources.
According to the suggestion of Chen Hong, deputy to the National People's Congress, secretary of the party committee and chairman of SAIC, it is necessary to strengthen the layout of the industrial chain and the research and development and innovation of low-carbon technologies, and effectively integrate and control upstream resources such as lithium and cobalt to ensure the safety of the industrial chain. He also suggested that for the lithium resources of the mainland's salt lake, it is necessary for the state to systematically find out the "bottom of the family" and do a good job in ensuring the resources of strategic emerging energy industries.
Yin Tongyue, deputy to the National People's Congress and chairman of Chery Automobile, suggested that the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other departments formulate policies to incorporate new energy power battery materials into the management of national strategic reserve resources, set up special funds, support and encourage domestic enterprises to acquire foreign battery material resources, and ensure the safety of the new energy vehicle supply chain.
Zeng Yuqun, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and chairman of the Board of Directors of Ningde Times, proposed that the current supply and demand situation of lithium resources is grim, and the development of the industry is facing challenges, so we should accelerate the exploration and development of domestic lithium resources to ensure the safety of the supply chain, and at the same time strengthen independent innovation and scientific and technological research to improve the level of efficient utilization of resource recycling.
Jiang Weiping, deputy to the National People's Congress and chairman of Tianqi Lithium, suggested that the green development of lithium ore resources in western Sichuan should be accelerated. Specifically, strengthen the construction of infrastructure in mining areas, ensure production and living factors such as roads and water and electricity, enhance the attractiveness and participation of mining area development, introduce enterprises with higher mining capacity and processing capacity, and promote the development and utilization of mineral resources with high quality.
The delegates also made a lot of suggestions on the practical use issues that consumers are concerned about. For example, Chen Hong said that it is necessary to further increase support for the use of new energy vehicles, such as: continue to improve the construction of supporting facilities such as charging piles, provide preferential charging electricity charges, etc., and further form an atmosphere that encourages the consumption of low-carbon products. Yin Tongyue suggested that from the top-level design level, we should promote the solution of problems in the construction of charging infrastructure, operation and maintenance, introduce relevant standards, optimize the charging infrastructure of new energy vehicles, and explore the integrated pilot application of "light storage, charging and discharging" in the charging facilities within the unit and the park.
Lei Jun, deputy to the National People's Congress and founder of Xiaomi, brought the "Suggestions on Accelerating the Construction of High-Power Fast Charging Infrastructure for New Energy Vehicles". He said that at present, high-power fast charging stations are mainly based on the independent construction of enterprises, and the construction layout, scale, technical indicators, etc. lack overall planning. At present, the proportion of fast charging in public charging piles in the mainland is only 40%, and the fast charging power is generally low, so it is necessary to strengthen policy guidance and coordinate the planning and layout of high-power fast charging networks.
Ding Zuohong, deputy to the National People's Congress and chairman of the board of directors of Yuexing Group, believes that the problem of charging and replacing infrastructure industry needs to be solved urgently and new energy vehicle charging stations should be included in urban planning as public infrastructure construction.
Li Shufu, a deputy to the National People's Congress and chairman of Geely Holding Group, put forward the "Suggestions on Increasing the Construction of electric Vehicle Replacement System" for the first time, including further improving the relevant policies and regulations of power exchange models, accelerating the standardization of power exchange models, generalization and other difficulties at this stage. He also expressed the hope that more companies will enter the field and let the power exchange model form a scale effect.
Dong Mingzhu, deputy to the National People's Congress and chairman and president of Gree Electric Appliances, suggested that it is necessary to standardize the lithium battery recycling market and avoid the large-scale inflow of inferior waste lithium batteries into the market. Clarify the main body of law enforcement, improve the comprehensive law enforcement mechanism, and ensure the safety of the whole process of power batteries from factory, use to recycling.
Hu Chengzhong, deputy to the National People's Congress and chairman of the board of directors of Delixi, suggested that the supporting policies and standards of the extended responsibilities of producers in the field of new energy vehicle power batteries should be promoted, and special attention should be paid to the inclusion of power battery manufacturers, new energy vehicle manufacturers, 4S stores, and battery recycling manufacturers in the same value chain for consideration, and the main responsibilities of the above-mentioned participants in battery research and development and design, vehicle technology and battery installation, after-sales service and consumer education, recycling upstream and downstream, etc. Form a closed loop of the whole life cycle value chain of power batteries.
Zeng Yuqun, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and chairman of the Board of Directors of Ningde Times, put forward the "Proposal on Optimizing the Road Transport Management System of Large-capacity Lithium Batteries and Helping the Healthy Development of the New Energy Industry". He locked the core of the proposal in the energy storage and lithium battery sectors, called for accelerating the construction of new infrastructure for electrochemical energy storage, and strengthened the protection of lithium battery intellectual property rights.
He also said that at present, the new energy storage technology based on electrochemical energy storage has multiple advantages and is recognized as the most promising energy storage technology route in the industry, but its development also faces various barriers and hidden barriers. He suggested that the capacity electricity price policy of pumped storage can be referred to to build a fair competitive market development environment for the energy storage industry.
Carbon emitters explore green development models
Environmental protection is increasingly becoming the consensus of the international community, and in September 2020, the mainland announced to the world the goal of "striving to peak carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and striving to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060" at the United Nations General Assembly.
In the past year, "double carbon" has become a major hot word in the automotive industry, "do a good job of carbon peaking, carbon neutrality work" was listed as one of the key tasks in 2021, the "14th Five-Year Plan" will also accelerate the promotion of green and low-carbon development included, all sectors of society have actively participated in the layout, the two sessions of the National People's Congress, "carbon peaking", "carbon neutrality" and future sustainable development have become the focus of attention of representatives and members.
Chen Hong, deputy to the National People's Congress and chairman of SAIC Motor, suggested further improving the relevant policy system from the perspective of "helping to implement the 'double carbon' strategic goal". In his view, the automobile industry to help implement the "double carbon" goal, not only to continue to expand the popularity of new energy products, but also to work together at the production end and the use end to promote the whole industrial chain to achieve green and low-carbon high-quality development.
On the one hand, we will establish and improve policies and measures to support the low-carbon development of the automobile industry, hope to introduce a special plan for the green and low-carbon development of the automobile industry as soon as possible, accelerate the formulation and implementation of carbon emission standards for the whole life cycle of automobile products, and further reduce the cost of manufacturing, circulation and use by continuously enriching the policy toolbox and effectively connecting with the subsidy policy and integral policy for new energy vehicles.
On the other hand, strengthen the layout of the industrial chain and the research and development and innovation of low-carbon technologies, effectively integrate and control upstream resources such as lithium and cobalt, and ensure the safety of the industrial chain; promote the formation of synergy between all parties of "official production, education and research" to accelerate the landing of clean energy, green manufacturing and other technologies, as well as the recycling of raw materials, through technology incubation and project demonstration. At the same time, we will further increase support for the use of new energy vehicles, such as continuing to improve the construction of supporting facilities such as charging piles, and providing preferential charging electricity charges, etc., to further form an atmosphere that encourages the consumption of low-carbon products.
Li Shufu, deputy to the National People's Congress and chairman of Geely Holding Group, announced the "Proposal on Promoting the Application of Methanol Vehicles to Help Carbon Neutrality in the Transportation Sector". The content of the proposal said that the development of methanol vehicles can promote the development of green methanol, which is in line with the purpose of the mainland's "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality" orderly and steady advancement, ensuring the energy security of the mainland, especially the liquid energy security in the transportation field, and continuing the vitality of the dominant driving force of the mainland internal combustion engine.
Li Shufu also suggested that the application of methanol vehicles can be fully promoted in the mainland, methanol vehicles can be included in the development system and management of new energy vehicles, methanol vehicles and new energy vehicles should be given the same policy support, driving more enterprises to invest in the research and development of methanol vehicles, and accelerating the realization of carbon neutrality in the transportation field.
Yin Tongyue, a deputy to the National People's Congress and chairman of Chery Automobile, has 7 suggestions related to "double carbon" and "new energy vehicles" this year, he said, "The '3060' dual carbon target is the country's commitment to the world, and the automotive industry is a large carbon emitter, and it is necessary to give full play to its technical advantages to assume industry responsibility." ”
It is understood that in order to ensure the realization of the "double carbon" goal, the state will include power generation, petrochemical, steel, nonferrous metals and other industries into the key objects of carbon emission management, through the national carbon trading arrangement of market-oriented means, so that enterprises to fulfill the obligation of carbon emissions. However, the automotive industry is not yet included in the key industries of carbon emission management.
"Compared with traditional fuel passenger cars, existing new energy passenger cars have reduced carbon emissions by about 15 million tons per year during the use phase." Yin Tongyue believes that relevant departments should use carbon trading to actively encourage industry car manufacturers to transform the production of new energy vehicles.
He proposed to expand the scope of the carbon trading industry, including the automotive industry, allowing auto companies to participate in CCER to enter the carbon market for trading, and encouraging cross-industry enterprises to promote the realization of the national "double carbon" goal through carbon market trading.
It is worth noting that Yin Tongyue also mentioned the carbon reduction effect of solid waste recycling in the automotive industry in the proposal involving "double carbon". Data show that in 2020, the comprehensive utilization rate of bulk industrial solid waste in the mainland is only 56.91%.
Yin Tongyue believes that the low level of industrial solid waste recycling is related to the small scattered factors of the industry enterprises themselves, and it is also related to the difficulty of recycling enterprises to set up projects and settle down. Under the "double carbon" target, the industry needs to strengthen the reduction and comprehensive utilization of solid waste to reduce carbon emissions.
"We should accelerate the green and low-carbon development of industry, give priority to source reduction, introduce a traceability system, supervise the whole life cycle of industrial solid waste, and introduce a tradable carbon reduction credit mechanism." In view of the industrial solid waste industrial chain, we will reform the fiscal and taxation system to effectively reduce the tax burden of enterprises and avoid the phenomenon of bad currency expelling good money. Yin Tongyue said.
The high-quality development of automobiles needs to face up to the problem of overcapacity in China's automobile industry
Behind the proposals and suggestions proposed by the delegates at the two sessions, it is not only the pain points of the "double carbon" target companies that get off the bus to care for consumers, but also the industry's new exploration of the industrial technology revolution and green development model. Xu Liuping, deputy to the National People's Congress, secretary of the party committee and chairman of China FAW, said that China FAW will deeply implement the innovation-driven development strategy and resolutely implement the deployment of the in-depth implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy.
"In order to implement the spirit of the government work report, we propose that the annual production and sales of automobiles exceed 4 million vehicles, the profit exceeds 50 billion yuan, and during the '14th Five-Year Plan' period, we will achieve major breakthroughs in key core technologies, and in a series of technical fields such as electrification, intelligent networking, and driving experience, we can be at a relatively advanced level in the world." Xu Liuping said that these "small goals" will be implemented and polished one by one.
For how to better stimulate independent innovation of enterprises, Zhu Huarong, deputy to the National People's Congress and chairman of Changan Automobile, suggested adjusting incentive policies and incentive policies at the policy level, encouraging the integration and development of enterprises and scientific research units, and at the same time, improving the treatment of scientific and technological personnel, especially basic scientific research personnel.
In view of the introduction of foreign-funded car companies by local governments after the liberalization of the share ratio, Zhu Huarong suggested that relevant national policies be updated and improved, policy control and safety review should be strengthened to prevent blind distribution and duplicate construction investment; strengthen local supervision of preferential conditions such as financial taxation of foreign car companies; guide local policies and guide foreign parties to support the electrification transformation of existing joint ventures.
He also suggested that the government should improve the system of laws and regulations to accommodate the development of emerging industries on the premise of safety. At the same time, strengthen government guidance, regulatory guarantees, and standard unification, accelerate industry cooperation, and break down data barriers. In addition, consider reasonably relaxing the requirements for automotive data security and privacy protection, and establish a trusted automotive data circulation channel.
Wang Fengying, deputy to the National People's Congress and president of Great Wall Motor, said in the "Proposal on Promoting the Improvement of the Capacity Utilization Rate of China's Automobile Industry" that under the new round of global scientific and technological revolution and industrial change, the scale of automobile production capacity has expanded, and the high-quality development of automobiles needs to face up to the problem of overcapacity in China's automobile industry, and the problem of overcapacity of new energy vehicles is also intensifying.
Wang Fengying suggested that it is hoped to give full play to the advantages of regional agglomeration to revitalize idle resources, give full play to the advantages of regional agglomeration to make full use of existing production capacity, enlarge and strengthen the national automobile industry, coordinate the development of idle production capacity, encourage mergers and reorganizations, and accelerate the construction of smart factories. At the same time, the government has strengthened supervision and established an exit mechanism to avoid waste of resources, promote domestic and international double circulation, and encourage Chinese enterprises to "go out" to open up overseas markets.
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