Grid is a commonly used screen layout method in design, layout grid refers to the skeleton in layout design, it uses the grid to divide the layout according to certain rules, determine the position for text, graphics and other elements, so that there is a basis for combined arrangement, so as to form a well-structured layout visual effect. Between the mesh and the design elements is the relationship between bone and flesh, and they are interdependent and interact with each other.
The form of the grid is divided into two types: visible and invisible, the visible grid is a design entity on the layout, clear and organized; the invisible grid is not a solid element in the layout, but a hidden reference line, which plays the role of limiting each element.
According to the principle of composition, the grid is divided into two types: regular and irregular. The regular grid divides the space in a rigorous mathematical way, following the principles of repetition, gradient, emission, etc., which can produce a strong sense of order; the irregular grid has no strict grid lines, which can be freely changed, using contrast, density, specificity, etc., which can produce free and flexible visual effects.
The grid has two functions in layout design: one is to constrain the layout, fix the position of each element, so that the layout has a sense of order and unity, and the other is to divide the layout into several spaces with the same or different shapes according to the content, so that the elements can achieve harmony. To some extent, the grid is the basis for typography design, which can effectively arrange rich design elements in one layout.
The grid provides a structure for all visual elements, making design more methodical and quick. As a well-established law of layout form, the grid introduces the concepts of constructivism and order into design, opening up a path of rational thinking in the field of perceptual design with a special perspective.
Grid design is a common typography method used in modern typography design. The grid design emphasizes proportion, order, wholeness and rigor, and is a highly logical style of layout art expression. Reasonable grid design can get a clear layout structure, so that the elements have a clear and rhythmic visual relationship in the layout. There is no fixed pattern in the form of grid design, and we generally summarize grid design into the following forms:
Horizontal lines and vertical lines can be used separately in the layout division, that is, the horizontal division or vertical division, which can be divided into two, three, four or even more copies of the layout, respectively, and the layout can be divided into multiple parts according to a certain size ratio. In addition, horizontal and vertical divisions can be used in combination, and the divided mesh can be divided into equal parts or more complex and varied divisions. The horizontal and vertical grid, arranged in between the content, can give people a clear and orderly feeling of longitude and latitude.
Grids in layout design can be set in the form of diagonal lines such as radial and diagonal lines. The radial grid is divided by a linear structure layout with a focal center extending outward and extending, which can be divided into equal or unequal parts, and divided into straight line radiation, arc radiation and angle radiation. In a radial mesh, design elements can be combined along a set grid line in a divergent or aggregated state with a strong sense of movement.
On the basis of vertical and horizontal guides, it is also a very effective method to add oblique guides for orchestration and design. You can connect the intersections of diagonal, horizontal and vertical lines of the layout into one, and you can also divide the layout according to the golden ratio. The slash has a sense of direction, movement, and speed, and can also express the depth of the space.
The layout division of concentric arcs refers to the structural lines formed by one or more concentric arcs. This arc structure is radial and has the effect of extending outward and enhancing the sense of rhythm. Arc gridlines can be equidistant or gradient. Arranging elements in such an arc has a sense of expansion, making the layout jumpy and interesting.
Symmetrical grid arrangement is relative to the pair of pages or the left and right layouts, the left and right pages have the same margins, number of grids, layout arrangement, and so on. The main role of symmetrical grid arrangement is to organize information and balance the left and right pages, according to the position of the column and the width of the layout, the structure of the left and right sides is exactly the same, and the grid in the page can be merged and split. Symmetrical grid arrangement is divided into four forms:
Single-column symmetrical grid. In the layout of the single-column symmetrical grid, the text in the left and right pages is arranged in a column- The layout rules are neat, so the single-column symmetrical grid is mostly used for purely literal books, such as novels, poetry collections, literary works, etc. At the same time, you can also add appropriate pictures to the page to alleviate the boring feeling of the picture.
Double-column symmetrical grid. This mesh structure allows for better balance of layout. Make reading more fluent. The two-column symmetrical grid is mostly suitable for the inner pages of literary books and magazines. You can also use the left to place text. The method of placing the picture on the right redivides the layout. Enhanced layout changes.
Equalizes the two-column symmetrical grid. The balanced two-column symmetrical grid can adjust the width of the double column based on the content. Achieve a visual equilibrium.
Multi-column symmetrical grid. A multi-column symmetrical grid is one that is arranged in addition to a single column. According to the needs of the layout. Divided into three-column grids and four-column grids. Grid of even more bars. The use of multi-column symmetrical grid layout can make the layout more regular and neat, showing a colorful effect. Layouts with more information such as table of contents and data can also increase or decrease the number of columns according to the actual content.
Asymmetric grid arrangement usually refers to the layout design, the left and right pages have basically the same number of grid columns, but the page-related elements present an asymmetrical state, compared to the symmetrical grid, such arrangement is more flexible and changeable, the layout effect is more active and vibrant.
Generally used in the pages of magazines or books, according to the different needs of the layout, the size ratio of the text is adjusted on the multi-column grid, so that the page effect is flexible, varied, and more attractive to the reader's attention.
The application of the grid is very widely used in printed matter, on the one hand, it is conducive to constraining the layout, and on the other hand, there is a meticulous planning for the position, size and alignment of the constituent elements, which can more rationally design the layout structure.
Establishment of the grid. A good grid structure can help designers to accurately design the style, arrange a large amount of information in a limited time, and make the layout uniform and regular, coherent and smooth. Designers can use different grids to arrange a flexible and unified layout to form a design.
Scale relationships create a grid. The layout and grid of the layout of the layout can also be determined using the scale relationship. Symmetrical meshes are not measured, but are created in proportional relationships.
Cells create a grid. According to the Fibonacci sequence (also known as the Golden Section series), the last digit of 5 is 8, which is determined as the size of the outer margin blank. The number after 8 is 13, which is determined to be the size of the white space at the bottom. In this way, the size of the area of the body is determined, and a coherent and harmonious visual effect is obtained in the width and height ratio of the layout.
Break the grid. The layout that breaks the grid has more freedom, flexibility and jumping, which can effectively convey a special design style and present the designer's creativity, but pay attention to the balance of the layout.
In short, according to the theme, text volume, picture nature and other design elements, the use of different grid arrangement to design the layout. The grid design of the layout is like the formatting of the disk, which can not only make the design content have rules to follow, but also ensure the recognition, accuracy and orientation of information dissemination.