helmet
head
Helmet, the jargon of Liyuanxing, is a collective name for the various crowns and hats worn by characters in traditional Chinese opera dramas, which are roughly divided into four categories: crowns, helmets, scarves, and hats.
Crowns, mostly hard tires, used for emperors and nobles' top hats; helmets, mostly hard tires, worn by military personnel; scarves, mostly software, belong to casual clothes; hats are the most miscellaneous, from imperial hats to straw hats, there are hard and soft, and there are many names. In addition to the above 4 categories, there are also various size accessories, such as the forehead, the horse wing, the plume, the fox tail, the face plate, the mushroom leaf, the blade head, etc., mostly worn with the helmet, and some can also be used alone.
Today Xiaobian will take you to see the various styles of helmets.
Kowloon Crown
It is decorated with an imperial scarf (made of yellow satin) and worn by the emperor in casual clothes. Hanging spikes on the left and right, there is a large pompom in the middle, and there are 9 dragons on it, hence the name.
Emperor Ming of Tang · Kun opera "Hall of Eternal Life" · Cai Zhengren
Flat sky crown
Also known as the flat-topped crown or the cupola crown, the crown is a rectangular slab, hanging from the front and back, and hanging large spikes on the left and right. It is mostly used by the rulers of heaven and hell (i.e., the Jade Emperor, the King of Yanluo, etc.) and the emperor. There is also a female ping tianguan, slightly smaller, which is used by Wu Zetian in the opera.
Wu Zetian · Peking Opera "Wu Zetian" · Shi Yihong
Purple gold crown
Also known as the Prince Helmet, it is mostly used for princes and young generals. The front fan is the forehead, and the rear fan is added to the top of the round helmet with multiple sub-heads (stack heads). Hang long spikes on the left and right, and a row of short spikes (i.e. "post-shading roots") hanging behind them. The base color is mostly silver, but also gold. There is also a purple and gold crown with a large pompom in the middle, and the crown is small and does not cover the hair, nor does it hang spikes.
Biting Navel Lang · Kun opera "White Rabbit" · Liu Wei
Jia Baoyu · Kun opera "Dream of the Red Chamber" · Weng Jiahui
Crown
Shaped like a folding fan, the main decoration is the exquisite point Cui Li Phoenix, the mouth of the phoenix is tied to a string of beads, the middle is short, the sides are long, the left and right hang rows of spikes, and a row of short spikes hangs on the back. The queen's crown is hung with yellow silk spikes, and other noble ladies or brides can hang pink or various colored silk spikes. There is also the old Dan phoenix crown, golden, smaller.
Yang Guifei · Peking Opera "Noble Concubine Drunk" · Mei Lanfang
Overvolted
A cross-bridge, also known as the "half phoenix crown", is semi-circular and worn on the top of the head. There are differences in size, and the ornamentation is complicated and simple. The small over-warp is embellished with pompoms and spikes for the palace women; the larger over-warp decoration is a bit of a cuili phoenix or a pearl phoenix, and the row of spikes or flower basket spikes are hung next to it for the princess and princess.
Princess Junrui · Yue opera "Hitting the Golden Branch" · Wu Suying
Hou Hat
Divided into gold and silver, they are worn by the fiefs. The flat top is square, and there are wide wings on both sides that are slightly upturned to cover the ears, so the zi class is called "deaf and deaf". Some hats have wings that are cocked higher and decorated with spikes of wind hair. Those who hold military power, the top of the halberd head, called the top of the platform.
Cheng Bite Gold · Shao opera "Xue Gang Anti-Tang" · Luo Jiqiang
Phase mink
Also known as xiang yarn, it is dedicated to the prime minister. The cap is nearly square, low in front and high in the back, with long wings inserted left and right, pure black. There are also flower sables, satin embroidery, there are fragrant, bronze, purple and several kinds, used by the elderly prime minister.
Wang Yanling · Peking Opera "Qin Xianglian" · Chen Shaoyun
Fenyang hat
Commonly known as "Wenyang", it is used for the powerful Zaifu. The shape is basically the same as that of the phase mink, with a dragon pattern on a gold background, embellished with pompoms and beads, and flanked by golden ruyi wings.
Yan Song · Peking Opera "Fight Yan Song" · Shang Evergreen
Stirrups
A pedal, used by a meritorious general. The cap is nearly square, low in front and high in the back, with a pair of wings on the back. In the old days, it was only black, called the iron head, and later developed gold and silver, with pompoms and beads. In the modern drama box, the Fenyang hat to ruyi wing is the gold stirrup, one thing dual use. Fenyang hats belong to wen costumes, and stirrups belong to martial costumes.
Yang Jiye · Peking Opera "Li Ling Monument" · Jia Jinsong
Gauze cap
The shape of the hat is slightly round, the front is low and the back is high, pure black, and the square wings are inserted on both sides, which are used by civilian officials played by raw horns. There is also a pointed winged gauze hat, which is used for civilian officials to clean their feet. The round-winged gauze hat (known as "dwarf" by Kunban) was used for ugly feet to dress up as civilian officials. There is also a peach leaf winged gauze hat, called the bachelor's hat, such as that worn by Li Bai in "Drunken Writing".
Condition Clock · Kun opera "Fifteen Consecutive" · Zhou Chuanying
Hu Jin · Peking Opera "Spring Grass Breaks into the Hall" · Jiao Jingge
Forehead
Semi-circular, decorated with beads, pompoms, a face plate in the middle, and hanging ears at both ends. The forehead is divided into sizes and ornaments. The simplest smallest son, also known as a one-word forehead, is used by lieutenants and executioners; generally large-frontal pompoms have two layers, which are used by generals. The forehead can be combined with handsome helmets, scarves, multi-son heads, etc., or it can be used alone, such as Xu Chu in the Three Kingdoms drama, with a large forehead in the front and a black head in the back.
Seven-star forehead
There are two large pompoms, each layer of 7, hence the name, for the use of female generals.
Mu Guiying · Wu opera "Mu Guiying hangs up" · Yang Xiayun
The pony has wings
Semi-circular, decorated with beads, pompoms, and large spikes at both ends, which are worn on a gauze hat when used, for the exclusive use of donkeys.
Zhou Shixian · Cantonese opera "Emperor Girl Flower" · Dragon Sword Sheng
Handsome helmet
There are two kinds of gold and silver, which are exclusive to the commander. Shaped like a bell, it has a halberd head and a red ribbon at the top, a small cape (called a back pocket) on the back, and a forehead in front of it. There is also the Lao Dan Shuai Helmet, which is based on the Old Dan Phoenix Crown with a halberd head and a back pocket, such as the She Taijun who was a marshal on the expedition.
Yue Fei Peking Opera "ManJiang Hong" · Yu Kuizhi
Jar helmet
Also known as "war helmet", it resembles a handsome helmet and is simplified, with a front brim but no forehead, and a back pocket, mostly used by the Royal Forest Army.
Yulin Army · Kun opera "Hall of Eternal Life"
Tie a scarf
Also known as "wrapping towel", there are soft and hard points, and when used, it is used or added to the face card, or the forehead. Soft scarf, satin embroidery, round at the front, with a plate erected at the back (with iron wire as bone inside), decorated with a large flame (i.e. pompom frame), mostly used by samurai. There is also a hard tire scarf, that is, a scarf helmet, which is used by military generals.
Shi Wengong · Peking Opera "An Arrow of Vengeance" · Zhang Fan
Jiaozan · Peking Opera "Yuanmen Chopper" · Jing Rong Qing Jing Lian Lian
Master helmet
It is actually a further decoration of the scarf helmet, and the hanging ears (also known as ear chakras) and the back pocket on both sides of the forehead are extra large, and large spikes and streamers are hung on both sides, and the sides of the large flame at the top are also decorated with beads and whiskers for spectacular viewing. The Green Master Helmet is generally reserved for Guan Yu.
Guan Yu · Peking Opera "Ancient City Society" · Zhao Xiangjun
Chinese helmet
Golden, round, like a raspberry, for the exclusive use of the Chinese army.
Elderly · Yue opera "Three Looks at the Royal Sister" · Zhang Qiuping
Eight-sided will
Also known as "octagonal helmet", "Zhou Cang hat", mostly worn by (flower face) generals, it is actually decorated by an inverted tassel helmet (a bunch of red wisps hanging from the back of the helmet, worn by military generals), with octagonal wide eaves, each embellished with colored spikes, and the majesty is luxurious, so it is called "eight-sided wei".
ZhouCang · Kun opera "Single Knife Society" · Dong Honggang
There are also lotus leaf helmets, lion helmets, tiger helmets, butterfly helmets, etc., which are worn by male and female warriors.
Straw hat ring
Exaggerated hat ornament of the bucket hat. The circle has a circle without a roof, made of blue thick lining, embroidered with shou characters or fu shapes, and is set on top of the hair bun and bun, symbolizing the fisherman's outfit.
Zhang Dingbian · Peking Opera "Jiujiangkou" · Yang Chi
Luo Hat
There are soft, hard, flowery, vegetarian. The basic style of the hat is: the hat body is higher, has 6 edges, and has a round ball at the top. Soft hat can be folded, hard hat straight. The Su Luo hat is mostly used by lower-class characters such as the family courtyard; the Hua Luo hat has flower embroidery, and its hard ones are decorated with pompoms all around, mostly for the first-class characters of the jianghu heroes.
Huang Tianba · Peking Opera "Evil Tiger Village" · Xi Zhonglu
Ren Tanghui · Peking Opera "Three Forks" · Hao Shuai
Mane cap
Also known as "fly hat", "cockroach hat", black ponytail woven, pointed and round, hollow like a cover, worn by the pure and ugly green forest Haojie. There is also a hard flower bristle, woven of wire, slightly taller than the bristle, and embellished with butterflies, light beads, and pompoms.
Li Kui · Peking Opera "Li Kui Visits Mother" · Anping
Eunuch hat
The top of the hat is nearly rounded, embellished with a pompom, and the back rim is raised above the top of the hat. Originally black, it was decorated with ornamentation, divided into gold and silver, and embellished with beads and spikes. Generally, gold and silver are used for the great eunuchs, and black is used for the small eunuchs.
Chen Lin · Peking Opera "Tanuki Cat for Prince" · Guo Yi
Face cards
Also known as zhengrong, an ornament in front of the forehead. Round, or inlaid with small round mirrors, or decorated with shou character pattern, with a large pompom on it. Originally a decoration on the crown helmet, it can also be used alone, such as a defeated general, wearing a hair flick, and inserting a card in front.
Kuang Zhong · Peking Opera "Iron Bow Edge" · Fan Xiwen
Vincent scarf
It is made of satin with floral embroidery, decorated with hard edges of ruyi heads from the top of the hat to the sides, and sometimes with spikes hanging on both sides, and two streamers hanging from the back.
Zhu Yingtai Liang Shanbo · Yue opera "Liang Zhu" · Yuan Xuefen Fan Ruijuan
Liu Mengmei · Kun opera "Peony Pavilion" · Yu Jiulin
Wusheng towel
The same as the Vincent scarf, but there is no streamer, but on both sides hang tassels, and the top is decorated with small flames (knotted with red silk).
Chen Xiuying · Peking Opera "Iron Bow Edge" · Dong Yun
High square towel
Also known as "poor scarf", made of black satin (there are also blue-gray ones on the stage today), quite like the old-fashioned sloped roof, embellished with a piece of white jade, mostly used by poor students.
Lü Mengzheng · Kun opera "Cai Lou Ji · Commenting on the Snow Identification" · Zhang
Zhang Zhen · Yue opera "Chasing Fish" · Xu Yulan
Xie Yuan towel
Also known as the "Bachelor's Towel", satin, with flower embroidery, that is, the Vincent Scarf removes the bridge-shaped ornament from the top of the hat and lengthens the wings at the back of the head, which is worn by the literati who have achieved meritorious fame.
Zhang Jue · Yue opera "West Chamber" · Qian Huili
Lotus leaf towel
Also known as the "ugly hat", it is mostly used by ugly people to dress up as literati. The top square has a cornice, like a lotus leaf cover, and there are many people embroidered with green satin.
Jiang Gan · Peking Opera "Heroes of the Crowd" · Shi Xiaoliang
Stick mallet towel
Satin embroidery, low in front and high in the back, with a pair of peach leaf-shaped small wings on the back, which can be shaken and used by evil less.
Staff scarf
Diagonal square, satin, multi-embroidered Shou character pattern, two pieces of soft wings hanging on the back, and a streamer, worn by squires, members and so on.
Yang Jikang · Yue opera "Five Daughters Worship Shou" · Dong Kedi
Gossip towel
The shape of the hat is similar to that of the high square scarf, embroidered with Bagua and Tai Chi diagrams, and there are two streamers on the back, which are used by people with Taoist skills.
Zhuge Liang Yue Tune "Wisdom Harvest Jiang Wei" · Shen Fengmei
Ducktail scarf
Evolved from the felt hat, the felt system was changed to satin, and the top whiskers were enlarged, shaped like a duck's tail, hence the name. The front is decorated with a piece of white jade, which is worn by the shopkeeper. The ducktail scarf worn by Xu Xian, slightly smaller, is also known as Xu Xian scarf. There are also hard flower duck tail scarves, embellished with pompoms and beads, which are used for some jianghu characters.
Song Shijie · Peking Opera "Four Soldiers" · Chen Shaoyun
Xu Xian · Wu opera "The Legend of the White Snake" · Lou Sheng
Large leaf towel
Also known as the big plate towel, there is a large board cape behind the towel, and there is a streamer next to it, which is used for flags and lieutenants. (Wang Chao, Ma Han, Zhang Long, and Zhao Hu are dressed above their heads in many genres.) ）
Felt hat
Felt, the hat is high and narrow, slightly folded forward, and the top usually has a small whisker, with blue, white and other colors, which is used by laborers. There are also red felt hats, which are worn by servants and wedding sedans.
Feng Jiajin · Yue opera "Three Looks at the Royal Sister" · Wu Fenghua
Ghost Difference · Xinchang Tune "Mu Lian Saves Mother" · Tian Min
Along the felt cap
Also known as "smoke felt hat", "riot hat", flat top and wide rim, for veterans, more husbands and so on.
Gengfu · Peking Opera "Sitting in the Village and Stealing Horses" · Du Xiaochuan Pei Yongliang
Soap cap
Square, black, embroidered with shou character pattern on the front, peacock feather inserted on one side, for the exclusive use of soap.
Lu Fengxuan · Kun opera "Red Pear Ji Drunken Soap" · Li Hongliang
Fisherman's hood
It resembles a straw hat ring and is small, made of silk, surrounded by wind hair spikes or small beads, and usually wears a pompom in the middle, which is used by village girls and fishermen. Yu Ji is also used, so it is also known as Yu Ji Hood.
Xi Shi · Peking Opera "Xi Shi" · Mei Lanfang
Samadhi · Kun opera "Jade Hairpin Ji Qiu Jiang" · Lu Jia
Hats
That is, bamboo kasa, shaped like a wide-brimmed straw hat, and the top is slightly higher, the bamboo wire is woven, covered with soft satin, and the white buckle belt is added to the ear, which can also be used as a streamer, which is a cool hat used by monks and Monks.
Jackie Yu · Peking Opera "Honest Officials in Jackie Chan" · Shang Evergreen
Jianwen Emperor · Kun opera "Qianzhongjie Bayang" · Cai Zhengren
hood
Spire, lower end draped over the shoulders to ward off the wind and cold. The yellow ones were worn by the emperor, and there were red, black and other colors. Women's hoods have floral embroidery.
Chongzhen · Kun opera "Iron Crown Figure • Striking the Bell" · Cai Zheng
Watched so many opera helmets above
It is not difficult to see how well the opera characters are dressed
What other opera helmets do you know?
Welcome to leave a comment
Source: Chinese Opera
EDIT: Mingming
Review: Yan Wei
Final Judge: Wang Mei