Snow sports
ICE&SNOW SPORTS
The competition for ice and snow sports at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics is fierce, and China has promised the world to "bring 300 million people to participate in ice and snow sports" to make ice and snow sports gradually popular in China. However, ice and snow sports such as skating and skiing are more difficult than those on the ground such as athletics, and if you are not careful, you may fall a chicken and fly, which makes people laugh that "the end of the slope was originally orthopedics".
The study found that the occurrence of public ski injuries was slightly different from that of competitive skiing; the injury characteristics showed that most of the limbs were injured under alpine skiing, and the limbs, elbows and wrists above snowboarding were mostly injured; fractures have always been a more serious type of injury, and the incidence of fractures has not decreased significantly over the years. Therefore, before learning ice and snow sports, we must first know which parts are most likely to be injured and how to protect ourselves in sports. Don't go down the slopes, go into orthopedics.
Opening ceremony of the Beijing Winter Olympics
Coccyang fracture
In the early days of skating and skiing, it is most common to sit on the ground due to unstable center of gravity, and when the injury is too violent, the sacral coccyx may fracture. The sacral coccyx is what we often call the tail vertebrae, and the fracture of the sacral coccyx can cause local pain, tenderness, hematoma, and the pain is severe when sitting, and the whole hip is afraid to sit down; the pain is aggravated when standing up, and the pain is reduced when the patient stands still, or when in the recumbent position. Some patients may also have symptoms of increased frequency of bowel movements and feeling of impurity. If you experience the above symptoms after falling down while skating or skiing, you should go to the hospital in time to avoid delaying the best time for treatment.
Stable, milder sacral coccyx fractures can be managed by bed rest and early unbettled activity. If the pain is severe, some analgesic drugs can be taken orally as prescribed by the doctor to relieve symptoms. For patients with mild sacral coccyx fracture injury, the prognosis is generally good and does not affect the usual life and work; while for patients with more serious injuries, such as improper treatment, the fracture deformity can be healed, which can lead to the narrowing of the pelvic outlet in some women affecting the fertility of women of childbearing age; a small number of patients have severe pain, which has a greater impact on the quality of life. It must not be taken lightly.
So how do you prevent or protect yourself? Beginners can avoid fractures by reducing the speed of taxiing, following the guidance of professionals, and wearing protective gear such as sponge cushions on the buttocks.
Pelvic injury
Pelvic fracture is a serious trauma, accounting for 1% to 3% of the total number of fractures, mostly caused by high-energy trauma, more than half with comorbidities or multiple injuries, and the disability rate is high. Pelvic fractures caused by low-energy trauma are mostly stable fractures, while fractures caused by high-energy external forces are mostly unstable fractures. Pelvic fractures are often marked by extensive pain, worsened when the lower extremities are moved or seated. Local tenderness, bruising, rotation of the lower extremities, shortened deformities, bleeding from the urethral orifice, swelling of the perineum.
For pelvic and limb injuries, we can use the equipment we carry to complete self-help. Severe pain in the pelvis and sacrum may indicate a pelvic fracture, as severe pelvic fractures are dangerous and clinically required to be fixed with a pelvic belt, and can be fixed as a pelvic belt on the slopes. Flatten the snowsuit and cushion it under the hips, the two sleeves pass through the outside of the large thick femur on both sides, knotting in the front, while the feet on both sides are brought together and secured with a magic turban. Wait for the arrival of 120 emergencies or be sent to the hospital for emergency treatment.
(Source: Tencent Medical Code)
Trauma to the head, neck and spine
For trauma to the head, neck and spine, the main focus is on prevention. Because the skull and spine preserve the very fragile nerve centers of people, through these nerves, the sensations obtained by the peripheral nerves can be uploaded to the cerebral cortex, the motor instructions issued by the brain can be transmitted to each muscle to form movement, and there are advanced functions such as human consciousness awakening and emotional activity in the brain. The well-known body Schumacher unfortunately hit a rock while skiing in the Elbes Mountains in 2013 and fell into a coma, and his wife's scattered family wealth did not allow him to escape the fate of becoming a vegetative person.
Trauma to the spine is mostly fractures, etc., mostly occurring in the cervical or lumbar spine. Simple spinal fractures are mostly characterized by severe pain in the chest, back and lower back after direct or indirect violence, which is aggravated after activity. Unfortunately, spinal fractures often compress the spinal cord and nerves in the spinal canal and even suffer direct violent injuries, so the occurrence of spinal fractures is often accompanied by injuries to the spinal cord or nerve roots, manifested by the loss of sensation below the level of injury, motor dysfunction (which is what we often call paralysis), and may be accompanied by incontinence of bowel and urine.
For skiing, helmets can alleviate trauma to the brain and are required. If you encounter an inevitable fall, be sure to use the upper or lower limbs for cushioning, or use the sides of the body to meet the impact, so as to avoid direct external force on the head or spine. Once an injury occurs, be sure to wait for professional rescue, because the secondary injury of the spinal cord caused by improper rescue may be more serious than the original injury, so it must not be handled without authorization. In a word, it can be summed up as: head, neck and back pain, temporarily do not move, wait for rescue, avoid aggravation.
Falling on the snow
Pelvic fracture of the spine
Trauma to the extremities and joints
In the event of a fall, out of an autonomous protective response, the hand is directly on the ground and is forced, which is easy to cause sprains, dislocations and fractures of the upper limb joints. Such as wrist, elbow, upper arm and shoulder joint injuries. The technical characteristics of skiing require the knee joint to flex and extend and twist within a certain range of flexion, so it is also easy to cause knee joint damage.
The knee joint is the most complex structure, the largest joint, the strongest leverage and the most easily damaged joint in the human body, skiing as a speed and skill project, throughout the training and competition process, constantly do downhill and rotation movements, the strength and flexibility of the knee joint is very demanding. The knee joint is constantly flexed, stretched and twisted, which makes the knee joint bear a considerable load, which can easily lead to muscle strain and ligament injury.
The main function of the cruciate ligament of the knee is to maintain the stability of the knee joint. The cruciate ligaments of the knee are deeply located, and non-strong violence is less likely to cause injury and rupture of the cruciate ligaments. In general, simple cruciate ligament injuries are rare and are often accompanied by collateral ligament and meniscal injuries. When losing the center of gravity and falling forward, the front of the ski and the knee land on the ground, violently hitting the upper tip of the tibia, the knee joint flexion tibia is displaced backwards, which can cause anterior cruciate ligament injury. The drawer test is a method of checking the anterior cruciate ligament for non-relaxation.
Patella strain is a chronic injury caused by local overweight of the knee joint. In skiing, sliding, turning, emergency stop and other movements of the knee joint are in a semi-squat position, often at 130 to 150 degrees for flexion or buckle, at this time the patella and patellar ligament under greater pressure, long-term stress concentration will lead to damage to the patella.
Ankle joint is a very important weight-bearing joint of the lower limbs of the human body, ankle joint injuries are mostly caused by athletes' technical movements are not standardized or unstable on the ground, due to external causes of movement deformation is also an important cause of ankle injury, ankle sprains, inversion injury is the most common.
For snowboarders, because snowboarding relies on the skier to constantly change the position of the body's center of gravity to control the direction of skiing, and the feet are fixed on the ski, there are high requirements for the balance of the body. For starters, the process requires frequent falls and gets up. When falling, beginners often subconsciously support the ground with their hands, which can easily cause contusion of the wrist. Some instructors instruct students to hold their hands in boxing when they fall, which can effectively protect the palm of the hand and protect the wrist from injury.
Self-protection
How to protect yourself in ice and snow sports to avoid unnecessary injuries, here are some suggestions for preventing sports injuries.
1. Warm-up exercise is indispensable, especially when participating in ice and snow sports, the external environment is cold, and it is necessary to fully and carefully prepare for sports to avoid being in a state of fatigue or physical discomfort.
2. Ice and snow sports are different from other sports, the environment is more complex, before the exercise, it is necessary to comprehensively assess the condition of the venue, and try to choose suitable professional equipment, clothing and protective gear to reduce the risk of injury.
3. Exercise in a cold external environment, especially for middle-aged and elderly people, should wear cold-proof and warm clothing to avoid cold-caused cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents.
4. When exercising, we should do what we can, according to their physical quality and exercise level, choose the right way of movement, venue, intensity, beginners do not rush to challenge the difficult venue and complex actions, according to the increase in proficiency and the improvement of the level of exercise step by step.
5. In the intensity of exercise and duration of time should also pay attention to, in the feeling of fatigue should not force themselves to continue to exercise, especially beginners due to the first contact, freshness is stronger, often for a long time to continue to exercise, the body is more likely to occur when tired sports injuries.
6. Many ice and snow sports require the matching of physical functions and skills, and require participants to have a certain physical reserve, muscle strength, balance ability, joint flexibility and professional knowledge. Therefore, it is also important to have professional guidance and a period of gradual related practice.
I wish everyone a safe enjoyment of snow sports and avoid the tragedy of living in orthopedics on the slopes.