Time has stood in the 22nd year of the twenty-first century,
The Lunar New Year has passed.
In this moment of summing up and looking back,
We look back on the year and see the days at our fingertips;
We look back at the past ten years and see the youth that is gradually moving away.
When we look back at this century, what do we see?
It's the history of a city, with statistics, boundaries changing.
There is the old and new face of this mountain and river,
And those vivid images that live in the city.
Know the history wisely, and go far.
Wireless Xuzhou "Pengcheng Old Things" series of articles invite you to join,
Read Xuzhou from history, read Xuzhou people.
Episode 2: 1932~1941, looking east to dozens of mountains in my hometown
After the sauce garden shop, Menkolo Sparrow.
The big characters on both sides of the storefront, the left is "autumn oil aged vinegar", the right is "Fu sauce curd milk", there are several mouthfuls of black lacquered tanks in the house, the Duanyang Festival has just passed, there is a pot of wine left under the counter, a banner is posted, and the word "Xionghuang" is written on it.
The wooden counter was hot, and the blue and white porcelain pots containing dried pickles and noodle sauce were covered with gauze nets to block the flies that were constantly attacking from the periphery. The guy is not willing to pick it up at this time, taking advantage of the absence of the owner, he can hide for a while.
The heat wave is churning and the cicadas are hissing. In 1932, the hot summer had arrived.
Lan Jingjia's sauce garden shop is in Fengchu Street, because there is an Iron Buddha Temple nearby, which used to be called Iron Buddha Temple Street. This street is adjacent to the moat, convenient for boating, surrounded by grain, often listening to the sound of paddles, the noise of people, is the bustling boundary of Xuzhou City.
Last year, Xuzhou was flooded, the city's hundreds of industries withered, the sauce garden shop into the foot deep water, the loss of soy sauce more than half. Although the sauce garden shop is not large, it has also been open for decades and passed down for two generations, so it is a bit of a family foundation, and it has carried this natural disaster.
Twelve-year-old Lan Jing was hiding in the backyard room eating ice at this time, and her mother had already chanted to him several times: "How many bowls?" Is this eaten as a meal? When your stomach hurts, you can bear it yourself! ”
Lan Jing also did not return his mouth, these words went in the left ear and out of the right ear, without a moment's residue. On the issue of eating, he was undistracted and very focused.
The mother has been busy sewing quilts these two days, the cotton satin has spread out a room, the bed has been unable to open, simply spread the mat in the courtyard, and do it in a serious way.
My sister's wedding date was set for October 16 in the old calendar, and the yellow calendar said that it was a good day to move, open, get married, move the soil, settle the bed, and have no taboos.
The brother-in-law works as a judicial clerk in the public security bureau, and with one hand, He has a small Kai Mu Ruo Qingfeng, and everyone sees and praises. But this matter is neither good nor good, because his sister always took his brother-in-law's word and typed Lan Jing, hating iron and steel and saying to him: "Look at your stinky words, like crabs crawling!" ”
Lan Jing was not convinced, covered his head and argued: "I don't sell soy sauce, I don't need to write so well!" ”
Note: In the 32nd year of Qing Guangxu (1906), Xuzhou began to set up a police agency, the Tongshan County Police Station.
In 1927, it was renamed Xuzhou Public Security Bureau.
In 1939, it was changed to Xuzhou Police Department.
In 1948, the old police establishment died out due to the liberation of Xuzhou.
His sister had been out early lately, and it was a day since she left, and when she came home, she picked up the teapot and poured water and poured several cups.
Lan Jing said, "Sister, why are you going?" ”
My sister said triumphantly, "I'm going to the puzzle movie theater!" ”
Lan Jing immediately stopped doing it and shouted, "Mother, you watch her, and you don't take me with you when you watch a movie." ”
The mother was still in the afterglow, sitting for a long time, at this time the waist could not stand up straight, too lazy to pay attention to their brother's lawsuit.
His sister finished before explaining: "I'm not going to see a movie, it's a sister lecture, do you understand?" It is to mobilize women to quickly become enlightened, self-liberated, and not be bullied by you men. ”
Lan Jing was not angry and said, "Your family is bullying me, so I should be liberated and liberated." ”
The sister turned her face and rushed to the courtyard to persuade the mother to rest: "Mother, don't sew, it is enough." Besides, there are not so many rules for getting married now, let's get a license. ”
Niang disciplined her: "Nonsense, how can a lifelong event fool around." ”
The sister did not argue either, and blinked at Lan Jing. Lan Jing knew that his sister had a big idea, which was to violate the Yin and Yang.
At the end of the year, when the sister got married, it was very concise, the two went to get the marriage certificate, and the relatives at home ate a meal, even if it was a ceremony. For example, in the yinghe marriage book, "good luck forever knotted, matching the same name" vow, the brother-in-law simply resigned from the public security bureau's errand and went to the people's education center to become a colleague with his sister.
Daddy can't take care of those rules and grievances, because of the helplessness under reality, it is impossible to finish the book.
On May 1, 1932, the Jiangsu Provincial Xuzhou People's Education Museum was officially established, the site is outside the North Gate, covering an area of more than 70 acres, with a farm attached, and the curator is Zhao Guangtao. The Minjiaoguan also founded the publication "New Road of Education", and in addition, it also set up a peasant life school, the graduates are equivalent to the qualifications of rural teachers, and the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Education issued a graduation certificate.
In November 1934, Zhao Guangtao, director of the Minjiao Museum, prepared to build the first wireless radio station in Xuzhou. The radio station has a transmission power of 60 watts and broadcasts 1-2 hours a day, mainly for educating the people and also broadcasting some anti-Japanese salvation songs.
When the sky was about to dawn, the Tang Pozi in the nest had become an ice lump, and Yun Jing was eager to shrink her feet into her arms. It is futile to cover it again, get up!
This year is really cold, and it has snowed twice in the winter, one game and one big game. The snow froze before it melted, the soles of the cotton shoes slipped, and every step was trembling.
The aunts in the countryside of Nantong brought a few pieces of bacon, which were hung under the eaves of the kitchen at this time, and the hard poles were gently dangling with the hemp rope.
At the end of January, the Spring Festival was celebrated, and the mother got up early, probably because she felt that the time was uneasy and made some auspicious things to ease the tension.
Last year was not a peaceful year.
On January 1, 1932, the Japanese invading army launched a general offensive against Jinzhou from three sides, and occupied Jinzhou on the 2nd. More than 30,000 Chinese garrisons were ordered by the Nationalist government to withdraw into Shanhaiguan after a little resistance, and all the northeast fell.
On January 12, the Japanese landed at Qingdao.
On January 28, the Japanese army launched a large-scale attack on Shanghai, "I. Twenty-eight "Songhu Anti-Japanese War broke out.
It is also difficult to maintain peace in Xuzhou City.
At the end of January, all walks of life in Xuzhou held an emergency meeting to raise military salaries and assist the 19th Route Army in Shanghai.
On February 20, more than a thousand people from xuzhou business associations gathered to declare a permanent economic severance against Japan and organized the business community to automatically resist japan and save the congress.
In February, when Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei and their party were passing through Xuzhou on their way to Luoyang, more than 30 representatives of the Xuzhou Students Anti-Japanese Salvation Congress went to the North Railway Station to petition.
The wish was made, and the mud cow went into the sea and disappeared silently.
And the situation is also moving in a bizarre direction. At the beginning of the year, the seat of the National Government was moved from Nanjing to Luoyang, and at the end of the year, it was moved back to Nanjing, and Luoyang was determined to be the capital of Xingdu and Xi'an as the capital.
Lan Jing asked his brother-in-law, "Why are there three of them?" Is it the xingdu again, the accompanying capital, and the cunning rabbit three caves? ”
The brother-in-law smiled helplessly and said, "I can't answer your question, anyway, everyone thinks that they want to stay away from the flames of war, as long as they don't burn on them, no one can hurt." ”
In the autumn, two progressive students came to Xuzhou City, Wang Qimin and Wang Zhanfei of Hangzhou West Lake Art College. Although they fled here, the two did not idle, and opened a class called "One Eight Art Society" to teach woodcutting skills. Woodcuts took root and blossomed in Xuzhou, and there was a student named Wang Jizhou here, who was particularly outstanding.
The school is also very affected, listening to everyone talk a lot, Lan Jing also went to join in the fun, made an appointment with classmates to listen to the class, when listening, the heart can understand, think this is very simple, when he picked up the carving knife, but the brain is very dazed. As soon as you listen to it, you will scrap it, and you will probably lack a lot of artistic talent.
Lan Jing was depressed for a while, and his brother-in-law comforted him: "Nothing, I am also very bad at painting." ”
My sister said, "That's not the same, you're a good word." ”
Lan Jing felt disheartened and said, "Are you my sister, how can you be so comforting?" ”
The brother-in-law continued to inject confidence into him: "Oh, by the way, aren't you participating in the civilized drama club of the school?" When will it be performed? ”
Civilized drama is the predecessor of drama. There is no fixed text script, only a story synopsis, and after determining the characters and character relationships, the actors play themselves on stage.
My sister nodded in approval and said, "My brother is indeed good at acting and has a lot of drama." ”
The drama activities in Xuzhou began in 1926. At that time, Wen Zhenbai, Chen Yeqiao and others organized a performance of "Tears of Mountains and Rivers" at Xuzhou No. 1 Senior Primary School. Later, the schools in the city organized their own drama clubs and rehearsed performances. In 1935, Yao Zhan hosted a drama performance at the Yibo Concert, and successively performed Cao Yu's "Thunderstorm", Xia Yan's "Sai Jinhua" and other progressive dramas.
In 1935, the northern causeway of Subei was built, and the construction of Xuzhou focused on the LinjiaBa, 30 miles north of the city. Mr. Tian Han witnessed the struggle between Linjiaba and the flood and wrote the script "Flood". During his time at Xu, he also gave lectures at the People's Education Center.
In 1937, Hong Shen, Jin Shan, and Xian Xinghai led the "Shanghai Rescue Drama Second Team" to Perform in Xu.
Brushes and knives, music, drama and literature, not only art, they can also be throwing daggers. With those progressive youths, Xuzhou's education is also at the forefront of the times.
In 1932, Peixin Middle School and Zhengren Girls' High School were merged to form Xuzhou Peizheng Middle School.
In the autumn of 1933, Ding Shaolan, Bu Huixuan, Zhang Jingqiu and Yin Gengqin joined forces to establish the private "Rieter Girls' Middle School".
In 1933, Zeng Wanzhong founded the private "Dingming Middle School"; Zhao Guangtao, director of the People's Education Museum, founded the Agricultural Middle School in the Xiadian Temple, and Guo Yingqiu was the director of education. After 1949, Dingming Middle School and the remaining private middle schools merged to form a new school, Xuzhou No. 3 Middle School.
In the summer of 1935, Suining County established the private Xudong Junior Agricultural Middle School.
In 1936, Aurora Attached High School expanded the school building by 66 on the basis of the original, raising 50,000 yuan at the beginning and changing the name of the school to "Xinxin Middle School".
In 1936, the Xuzhou Student Salvation Association was established.
In February 1938, the "Xuzhou Youth National Salvation League", a youth mass organization led by the Communist Party of China, was established, and Liu Jian, a member of the Communist Party of China, served as its leader.
Yun Jing felt a pair of large hands, shaking his bed particularly hard. He clutched the quilt, feeling only to feel that he was about to fall, and he shouted angrily, "Don't shake it!" Don't shake it! Then he woke himself up.
The room was so dark that there was no light, Yun Jing heard the sound of the teapot and tea bowl crackling on the table, the wardrobe and doors and windows were also whistling, where there was a big hand pushing him, it was obvious that the heavens and the earth were moving.
Yun Jing's father, wearing a half-pulled coat, pushed open the door and ran in, grabbing him in a panic and saying, "Come out!" There was an earthquake. ”
In the early morning of the summer, it is not cold to wear a cloth shirt. Before Yun Jing could be afraid, he was pulled by his father to the courtyard. Holding his mother, the three of them left the house in a panic. The wave of earthquakes had stopped, and Dad took a big lock and locked the door.
The streets are full of people, and the noise is mixed with the cries of children. Someone shouted, "Go to the primary school, the playground is empty." ”
A family of three followed the large army, all the way to the panic and noise, rushing in the direction of the primary school.
Niang said to his father with a sad look, "I don't know what Nizi is like over there?" ”
Dad said, "Her house is newly built, it should be fine, I'll go see it at dawn." ”
At 4:30 a.m. on August 1, 1937, the Xuzhou earthquake struck.
In this earthquake, everything in the houses was ringing, and the citizens mostly woke up in their dreams and fled the outdoors. Fifty or sixty old houses collapsed, killing and injuring more than 20 people, which was the biggest earthquake in 50 years. According to the "News Daily" of the year, "within 100 miles of Xubu Annex, there were two earthquakes at 4:30 a.m. on the 1st, with an earthquake of 2 minutes and 30 seconds", and the epicenter of the earthquake was Heze, Shandong, with the first magnitude of 7 and the second magnitude of 6.75.
It was also counting from the earthquake that year, and in the past ten years, the disaster has not stopped.
In 1938, before the arrival of the little man, the Japanese came first.
In Yun Jing's memory, Fengchu Street has been besieged by fire, like a hell on earth, and dozens of grain stores have been destroyed, including his family's sauce garden.
Those planes, with the power to destroy the world and the earth, circled over Xuzhou. Flying locusts crossed, a scorched earth.
Earlier, Li Zongren, commander of the Fifth Theater, commanded 400,000 Chinese troops and fought with the Japanese invading army in Taierzhuang, northeast of Xuzhou, annihilating 11,900 enemies and losing 19,000 Chinese. On April 14, 1938, the Fifth Theater held a memorial service at Jiulishan to mourn the soldiers who died in the battle.
The Fifth Theater of Operations, fully known as the Fifth Theater of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. It refers to the military deployment of the Nationalist government in China after the outbreak of the Lugou Bridge Incident in 1937, which was one of the theaters of operations against the Japanese army. Initially, the Fifth Theater of Operations covered southern Shandong and northern Jiangsu, and the fierce Battle of Songhu broke out.
On October 12, 1937, the Kuomintang military authorities appointed Li Zongren as commander of the Fifth Theater of Operations, stationed in Xuzhou, to command the defense of the Jinpu Line against Japan.
In late October, the Fifth Theater People's General Mobilization Committee was established, with Li Zongren as the chairman and Guo Yingqiu (then head of the TONGSHAN County Party Committee) as the director general of the Organization Department.
At the end of October, the organs of the Sulu Yuwan Special Committee of the Communist Party of China moved from the Lunan Mountains to Xuzhou. Guo Zihua, secretary of the Special Committee, served as a celebrity and student as a member of the General Mobilization Committee of the People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in the Fifth Theater.
On May 10, from early morning to noon, Xuzhou was hit by four air raids by Japanese aircraft, and the fire broke out, burning more than 4,000 houses and killing and injuring more than 300 residents.
On May 11, 38 Japanese aircraft bombed Xuzhou seven times.
On May 14, from 6:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m., 54 Japanese planes took turns bombing Xuzhou, dropping more than 280 large and small incendiary bombs, and due to the southeast wind, the fire was uncontrollable, and more than 700 civilians died, which was the heaviest loss since Xuzhou was attacked.
The Japanese sent a total of 13 aircraft to bomb Peicheng three times.
On May 19, 1938, hundreds of thousands of Chinese troops were ordered to withdraw from Xuzhou, and the Japanese attempt to encircle and annihilate all came to naught, ending the "Battle of Xuzhou", which lasted 5 months and 6 days.
Xuzhou fell.
And the nightmare has only just begun, too many people have died in the slaughter of days, and the reeds are covered with blood.
On May 17, 1938, the Japanese army occupied Fengcheng and killed more than 300 residents. In the same month, the Japanese army sneaked into the deserted village southeast of Feng County, and nearly a hundred people in the village were killed.
On May 20, the Japanese invading forces locked up more than 670 men, women, and children in yanwo village in southeastern Xuzhou and burned them alive in their houses, creating the appalling "Yanwo Massacre."
At the same time, the Japanese army dispatched more than 200 people from Xiao County to more than a dozen villages around Tongshan Hanwang, killing more than 2,000 people and burning more than 3,500 houses. Looting is countless.
When Dad took the whole family back to the countryside of Xinyi Nanjian, it was already mid-July. They did not know their way back, but stayed for a few days and decided to go west. Because my sister said, "Let's go to a place where we can see hope!" ”
For the rest of his life, Yun Jing never returned to Xuzhou City, the place where he had lived for more than ten years, sunny days and sunny days, rain and snow sometimes.
In 1940, Xuzhou added Qiming Road and Qingyun Road, and later built the Jizhong Bridge. Qiming Road runs through the east and west of the city, wide and magnificent. Jizhong Bridge also stands out from the many stone bridges of the Yellow River and is built with great dignity.
But so what?
The four townships of Xuzhou were still planted with large tobacco fields, the railway fell into the hands of the enemy, the "Jiawang Coal Mine" became the "Liuquan Charcoal Mine", the flour kiln tile factory was occupied by the Japanese, and women in kimonos took pictures on yunlong mountain. In foreign magazines, Xuzhou was a trophy they relished on on the North China transportation line.
Fortunately, after seven long nights, there are also sparks of fire.
One day, under the headline of the traitor newspaper Longhai Xinmin Bao, 4 small characters in yin characters "Down with Japan" appeared;
When Teacher Li Gang of Xinxin Middle School and his student Dang Xueli performed in the guild hall, in front of the Japanese and pseudo-audiences on the stage, they sang a song "Under the Taihang Mountain";
The Pi Sui Copper Anti-Japanese Base Area was formally formed after several battles;
The Longnanjin Detachment of the Eighth Route Army fought fiercely with more than 500 Japanese troops at Zhangshan Pass for one day, repelled 9 enemy charges, and killed and wounded more than 100 enemy soldiers...
In February 1941, the Canal Detachment, with the cooperation of the Old Fifth Regiment of the Eighth Route Army, recovered the Huangqiutao base area...
In 1948, Yun Jing followed her father and mother to settle in Baoji, and the decade of wandering finally came to an end.
From the hometown of Gao Zu to the hometown of Emperor Yan, from one ancient city to another, it seems that everything has its own arrangement.
In the northwest, there are heavy mountains, deep soil, and dry winds, unlike Xuzhou. Xuzhou is a plain, the low mountains are beautiful, not steep, and the wind should be flexible for a few points.
The night in the northwest is particularly cold, the air is frost, the wild sky and the moon are white, which is different from Xuzhou. On the summer night in Xuzhou, the candle shadows are full of insects, mosquitoes are still bullying, specially pick and bite, and The ice fruits of Yunjing have to be divided into several bowls to be eaten by people.
When he grew up, Yun Jing sometimes wondered if he would have been a family member of the sauce garden shop in Xuzhou City without the bombing of 1938. Don't you have to go this far? Is it also possible to see the shadow of Kuishan Pagoda, Huanglou Xiaoyue?
Unfortunately, there are no ifs in the world, and those scars are there. Looking east of the old garden, all the mountains and rivers are blocked, who is not a foreigner in the dust net?
Source: "Xuzhou Centennial Events", "Xuzhou City Chronicle", "Pengcheng Archives"
"Pengcheng Old Things" series review
"Episode 1: 1922-1931, The Troubled World Doesn't See Peach Blossom Garden"
Xu Shi Rong Media Editor: Xu Bo
Editor-in-charge: Zhu Chenxin Cheng Yao
Review: Liu Jianling
Producer: Wang Jingbo Bian Haifeng
Director system: Feng Yangqi