Ancient calligraphy and painting is a collective term for ancient Chinese painting and calligraphy, one of the traditional art categories of China, and an important part of Chinese civilization.
In view of the important position of ancient Chinese painting and calligraphy, this article is based on the identification of ancient Chinese painting and calligraphy, and is mainly committed to solving the following two problems:
1. What is calligraphy and painting mounting?
2. What are the forms of calligraphy and painting mounting?
First of all, let's take a look at what the art of calligraphy and painting framing is.
From a professional point of view, mounting, also known as "decoration", "loading pool", "mounting back", is a unique technology for protecting and beautifying calligraphy and painting and inscriptions in the mainland, that is, using a variety of Aya brocade paper silk to frame and beautify or protect and restore the ancient and modern paper silk texture of calligraphy and painting works. We can summarize it as follows:
1. Characteristics of calligraphy and painting mounting: the unique technology of protecting and beautifying calligraphy and painting in the mainland;
2. Materials for painting and calligraphy mounting: all kinds of Aya brocade paper silk;
3. The method of mounting calligraphy and painting: mounting beautification or protection and restoration of artistic characteristics is more colorful and increases the artistry of the work.
So, do you know what forms of calligraphy and painting framing are?
1. Hand-rolled
In the framed Chinese painting, the hand scroll is a kind of asana of the banner. It is named after reading in order that can be held in the hand. Because of the amplitude characteristics of "long", also known as "long volume". For example, the Song Dynasty Wang Ximeng's "Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains". Painted on a single horse of whole silk, it is more than a thousand centimeters long. Because the hand scroll is a banner, it is also called "horizontal scroll".
"A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" (partial)
In the Jin Dynasty, hand scrolls have already appeared, it is evolved from the Qin and Han "scripture scrolls" and "volume books", the content of the hand scrolls can be made of multiple independent characters, or it can be mixed and interspersed by multiple independent words.
2. Horizontal
In the framed painting and calligraphy, the horizontal cloak is also called the banner, which refers to the work of the banner calligraphy and painting horizontal mounting on the wall, generally the amplitude will not be too large, and the fringing and blank space depend on the size of the frame.
The book is written in a horizontal manner
We cannot accurately trace when such a format first appeared. However, in the Ming Dynasty, there was a horizontal poncho, and Zhu Yuanzhang, the ancestor of the Ming Dynasty, gave a high evaluation of the horizontal poncho. He said: "The Yu family Dongyuan fog scenery is horizontal, the mountain bones are looming, the forest is infested, and the meaning is high."
3. Album
Album is a form of mounting of calligraphy and painting works, and it is also one of the traditional forms of ancient book binding in mainland China. It refers to a kind of calligraphy and painting with a small core and a large number of pages, which is named because the calligraphy and painting are divided into several pages and bound into a book. It was founded in the Northern Song Dynasty, such as the Xuanhe Rui Book. The Yuan Dynasty gradually became popular, and the Ming and Qing dynasties were more common.
Calligraphy and painting albums
Calligraphy and painting albums are formed by the influence of the appearance of book albums. Album editions developed from the earliest scroll-bound folding transitions, and the latest surviving ancient books were basically thread-bound books. As a kind of calligraphy and painting sketch, its small size, easy to create, easy to preserve characteristics are deeply loved by calligraphers and collectors.
4. Screen strip
A style of mounting Chinese paintings and calligraphy on screens, it was first popular to decorate the walls with calligraphy and painting mounting into banners from the Song Dynasty. Because the body of the painting is narrow and long, it is four or five feet of rice paper, so it can be mounted in the form of a screen strip.
Four screen axes
The screen strips hung separately are called "strip screens" (screen strips), and the four strips hanging side by side are called "hall screens" or "four seasons screens". There are also more than four to twelve or even sixteen pictures, closely linked, into a double number of complete pictures, called "tongjing screen" or "tongping".
5. General View screen
Tongjing screen is one of the forms of Chinese calligraphy and painting mounting, also known as "mantle", "begonia", refers to multiple banners of the same size of calligraphy and painting to form a complete calligraphy and painting work, but also refers to the single screen strips put together to form a complete picture. It is not known when this type of work was founded, but it was developed from the screen strip, later than the Song Dynasty.
Landscape through the screen
6. Fan surface
A fan is a writing or painting on the surface of a fan. This type of work is divided into Tuan Fan calligraphy and painting and folding fan calligraphy and painting. The fan form of the Song and Yuan dynasties was basically a tuan fan, so the fan surface of this period was a tuan fan calligraphy and painting. The Ming Dynasty appeared and passed down to the present day is the folding fan, so the fan paintings and calligraphy of this period are folding fan calligraphy and painting.
"Loquat Mountain Bird Diagram"
Famous fan-faced works include: "Bean Flower Dragonfly Diagram" created by Xu Xi, a painter of the early northern Song Dynasty, "Loquat Mountain Bird Diagram" created by Zhao Tuo of The Song Dynasty, "Lanting Diagram" created by Qiu Ying of the Ming Dynasty, and "Early Dynasty Diagram" created by Yu Zhiding of the Qing Dynasty.
7. Couplet
Couplets refer to calligraphic works of art that are coupled with sentences. It is usually written on paper, cloth or carved on bamboo, wood, or pillars. The couplet is neat and tidy, and the harmony is harmonious, which is a unique art form of Chinese with one word and one sound.
As a treasure of traditional Chinese culture, couplets of such works, may have appeared as early as the Song Dynasty, to the Ming and Qing Dynasties were very popular, calligraphers almost no one did not write, no books are not linked, so there are more generations.
As a custom, couplets are an important part of the traditional culture of the Han people. In 2005, China's State Council listed the customs of The Yanglian as the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage.