Text |" Who is the most Chinese"
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Anhui is one of three provinces. It's a joke, of course.
But that's the way it is. Within Anhui, the regional differences are so large that they often give people the feeling of three provinces.
Today, when Anhui publicizes to the outside world, it often plays the sign of "emblem" culture, and seems to pay great attention to giving people the impression of a pink-walled Dewa and Jiangnan water town. However, The people of Anhui themselves understand that it is only a "emblem", and don't forget, there is also "An"!
The name "Anhui" is taken from Anqing and Huizhou - "Hui" is in the south of the Yangtze River, and "An" is in the north of the Yangtze River. Together with the north of the HuaiHe River, three places, it is the composition of today's Anhui.
The abbreviation of Anhui is not "emblem", but "Anhui". "Anhui" as the name of the province, has been used for more than 350 years. However, the Huai River and the Yangtze River have passed through here since ancient times, dividing the land into three areas: northern Anhui, central Anhui, and southern Anhui.
In the long history, northern Anhui, central Anhui, southern Anhui, rarely under the same roof, whether it is natural conditions or cultural origins, there are deep-rooted differences. When it comes to Anhui, no matter who you think of, it is not enough to represent Anhui, and it can only be generalized.
Anhui is one of three provinces. So, what can the three Anhuis make up?
Many years ago, when I was studying in Hangzhou, a teacher from Beijing told us a joke.
One summer, she participated in a study tour where many teachers gathered from tiannanhaibei. When we first met, we inevitably introduced each other. One of them, whenever someone asked her who she was, she replied that she was a "northerner." After so many times, my teacher couldn't help but be curious and asked her: What kind of people are they? Only to hear the other party reply: "Anhui."
I still remember that the teacher told this story with a helpless expression and a burst of laughter in the classroom.
Who makes our country so big? Some people think that Anhui is enough "north".
Until a long time later, when sorting out the geographical materials of Anhui, I couldn't help but think of the story of that year, and suddenly an aura flashed and reacted: a northerner from Anhui is actually established!
As an authentic northerner — of course, a northerner than Anhui — I couldn't help but reflect that I had a hasty laugh.
In people's geographical cognition, Anhui is often a gray area.
Northerners will feel that Anhui is the south; southerners will feel that Anhui is in the north; people in the central provinces will feel that Anhui is close to Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai; people in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai will feel that Anhui does not belong to this circle, but is more like the middle...
It is difficult for outsiders to directly locate Anhui because it is not south Africa north, nor is it also north and south. From the perspective of Anhui's interior, the identification of the northern and southern regions is bounded by two important rivers, the Yangtze River and the Huai River, which divides Anhui Province into three parts:
The area north of the Huai River is "Anhui North", which mainly includes Bozhou, Fuyang, Suzhou, Huaibei, Bengbu, Huainan and other cities; the area south of the Yangtze River is "Anhui South", including Xuancheng, Huangshan, Chizhou, and parts of Tongling, Ma'anshan, and Wuhu; the middle of the Huai River and the Yangtze River, is "Anhui Central", mainly including the provincial capitals of Hefei, Lu'an, Chuzhou, Anqing, and parts of Wuhu and Ma'anshan.
The three places of northern Anhui, central Anhui and southern Anhui represent not only the regional orientation, but also the different living environments and cultural customs in Anhui.
Figure | Map Emperor
Two rivers, demarcated out of the "three" Anhui.
More than 2,000 years ago, in the face of the ill-intentioned Chu people, Yan Baby said a famous sentence: "Oranges born in Huainan are oranges, and those born in Huaibei are oranges." "Across the Huai River, the difference between the north and the south is huge, and it has become a consensus in ancient times.
Modern geography has the Qinling-Huaihe river line as the dividing line between the north and the south of China. This line also has multiple meanings: it is also the 800 mm isothermal line, the 0 °C isothermal line in January, the dividing line between temperate monsoon climate and subtropical monsoon climate, the dividing line between dryland agriculture and paddy agriculture, the dividing line between rice production and wheat production, and so on...
When the Huai River passes through Anhui, it also separates different scenery on its north and south sides. From north to south, different waters and soils have bred very different natural conditions, geographical features, agricultural production and living customs, which also makes Anhui look like the same province.
The "Anhui North" north of the Huai River can be said to be a typical north.
On the vast Huaibei Plain, there are many ancient princes and generals, who often communicate with the hinterland of the Central Plains. The people of northern Anhui who grew up here are mainly engaged in agricultural production, industrious and simple, respectful and righteous, and have learned martial arts since ancient times, and have a straightforward temperament. The folk art forms developed by the people of northern Anhui, such as Sizhou opera, Fengyang flower drum, Huaibei Zizi, etc., also exude a rough and straightforward northern folk style.
Historically, the Huai River was plagued by frequent droughts, which brought deep suffering to the people here. Because of this layer of background, when Anhui and huaihe are mentioned, many people will think of the image of the people of northern Anhui breaking through suffering and pursuing happiness. The legendary Xiaogang Village is located in Fengyang County, northern Anhui Province, and in the extremely difficult period of life, 18 farmers took great risks, signed the "Life and Death Certificate", creatively implemented the package production to households, and made a historic contribution to China's reform and opening up.
Usually, "northern Anhui" and "southern Anhui" are talked about a lot, but as for the name of "Anhui Central", it may rarely be used. Anhui central is not only geographically in the middle of Anhui, but also the political and economic center of Anhui today, and the provincial capital Hefei is located in central Anhui.
In fact, Hefei, Anqing and Lu'an in Anhui have all been the capitals of Anhui. During the Qing Dynasty, Anqing was the political and cultural center of Anhui, and it was not until the end of the Qing Dynasty that it fell to the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom before moving north to Hefei, but by the end of the war, Hefei was also devastated. Until the end of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Hefei was an inconspicuous city with inconvenient transportation and no large-scale urban construction. However, because it is located in the very center of Anhui, Hefei is still valued because of its strategic significance.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Hefei, as the capital of Anhui Province, did not play a large enough role in the province for a long time. On the contrary, Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu Province, has formed a strong gravitational force and profoundly affected the development of cities such as Wuhu, Ma'anshan and Chuzhou. To this day, some people on the Internet will jokingly call Nanjing "Huijing".
In this century, with the help of the "Rise of the Central Region" plan, Hefei has greatly improved the level of industrial economy, and with the improvement of railway transportation conditions, it has become a distribution center for resources inside and outside the province. In recent years, Hefei's economic indicators have ranked high among provincial capitals, surpassing Nanchang, Kunming, Fuzhou and Xi'an, and last year's GDP ranked among the top ten provincial capital cities in the country.
Today's Hefei is known as the "hegemonic capital" - in the eyes of outsiders, Hefei's development momentum in recent years is very domineering, but some Anhui people complain that Hefei is too domineering in attracting resources. Hefei is striving to become an excellent provincial capital, but perhaps because of the lack of historical and cultural identity, it is destined to have a long way to go to establish its image as a city.
Looking at history, if anhui is said to be the "center" of Anhui, it is already a very recent thing. If you look at the cultural heritage and historical accumulation, the southern Anhui Province, located south of the Yangtze River, not only has a far-reaching impact on Anhui, but also leaves a strong trace of color for the entire Chinese culture.
The Huai River has a special geographical significance for Anhui, and the Yangtze River, for the whole of China, is a river of extraordinary cultural significance.
"After Yongjia, the crown of refuge is more than The left of the river, and the art and literature confucianism are flourishing." Beginning with the Jin Dynasty's "Yiguan Nandu", many famous people in the Heluo area crossed the Yangtze River south and came to live in the southern Anhui region, opening up the wind of cultural prosperity. Xuanzhou landscape land, the land of fish and rice, the cultural family is leafy, the migrants are more than here, even a small Jingting Mountain, there are generations of poets who continue to rush to write poems for it, Xuancheng produced rice paper, Xuan pen, emblem ink, but also exported to the world, no one knows.
After the Southern Song Dynasty, Xuanzhou's status gradually declined, and Huizhou caught up again. Compared with Xuanzhou, Huizhou is mountainous and originally a closed and barren place, but it is famous for walking out of Huishang. Huizhou in the Ming and Qing dynasties, culture and education flourished, commerce and trade flourished, Hui merchants roamed outside all year round, returned to their hometown and spent money to build many Hui school buildings, to this day, those white walls and gray tiles, terraced ancient bridges, still hidden in the white cloud cooking smoke, has become the spiritual hometown of many Chinese.
Although the name of ancient Huizhou has long ceased to exist, today's cultural propaganda of Anhui to the outside world still takes the image of Huizhou as the biggest business card, and even in previous years, a discussion about restoring the name of Huizhou has arisen nationwide. Huizhou, from people's complex, has become a cultural phenomenon - although Huizhou is far from the whole of Anhui.
Geographically, northern Anhui naturally belongs to the north. Culturally, southern Anhui undoubtedly belongs to the south. Anhui, which is between the north and the south, is like a transition zone.
Three completely different pieces of water and soil, with their own regional identity and cultural belonging, form three Anhui. Perhaps, "separation" is the most real thing about Anhui. Because, for a long time in history, Anhui was not an independent administrative region.
The establishment of Anhui Province began in the sixth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1667). The name "Anhui" is taken from the two most economically and culturally developed places at that time: Anqing Province and Huizhou Province. Before the establishment of Anhui Province, Anhui was part of Jiangnan Province with Jiangsu, and in the Ming Dynasty it belonged to Nanzhi. If we go back further, Anhui is not only not under the jurisdiction of the same administrative region, but also often at the forefront of fierce confrontation between various forces: the confrontation between Song and Jin, the division of the Five Dynasties, the Rebellion of Anshi, the Battle of Shuishui, the struggle for hegemony between Chu and Han... However, in the chaotic times, the Anhui region will always be the background board of division and opposition, in the long history, this place is not regarded as a whole, even in the period of great unification, it will also be divided according to geographical conditions, and administrative districts will be set up separately.
Anhui, there is no Anhui dialect. There is no common dialect here, and it is very normal for people in Huaibei to not understand the people of Huainan.
In terms of dialect, northern Anhui people mainly speak the Central Plains dialect, which is closer to Mandarin, which sounds very similar to Henan and Shandong, and is easy for outsiders to understand. After crossing the Huai River to the south, the Anhui dialect began to become more and more difficult to understand.
The central Anhui region is dominated by the Jianghuai dialect, but it is different from the Huai dialect of Nanjing, Zhenjiang, and Yangzhou in Jiangsu Province, and the speech is depressed and frustrated, which is the northern cavity, and because it contains into the sound, there is a southern tone. In addition, some cities and counties in the southwest region also speak Gan language.
In the south of the Yangtze River, due to complex geographical factors and cultural exchanges and collisions, southern Anhui has become one of the most diverse and complex dialects in southeast China. Ma'anshan, Wuhu, Xuancheng and other places speak Wu language, except for some areas are Wu language Taihu film, the rest belong to Wu language Xuanzhou film. The Xin'an River Basin speaks Hui, and there are great differences within hui, but the residents of Wu and Hui are all wuyue people. In addition, in the mountains of southern Anhui, there are also various guest dialects that come with immigrants from all over the world...
Anhui does not have a unified Anhui dialect, nor does it have strict Anhui cuisine.
Although "Hui cuisine" ranks among the eight major cuisines, strictly speaking, it is Huizhou cuisine, and if it can fully represent Anhui, there must be some people who disagree.
In order to reflect the comprehensive, the culinary circle has divided Anhui cuisine into three major flavors of southern Anhui, along the river and along the Huai, and later, it has been subdivided into five major schools of Anhui southern cuisine, Anhui river cuisine, Anhui northern cuisine, Hefei cuisine, and Huainan cuisine, although it can barely be collectively called "Anhui cuisine", but the eating habits between northern Anhui, central Anhui and southern Anhui are still very different.
Southern Anhui eats traditional Hui cuisine, good at stewing, heavy oil, heavy color, heavy fire, the signature dishes are stinky mandarin fish, ham stewed turtle, Huangshan stewed pigeon, tiger skin hair tofu, etc., and northern Anhui beef soup, ground pot chicken is obviously not the same painting style.
The main characteristics of Northern Anhui cuisine are salty, fresh, slightly spicy, crisp and mellow, good at burning, frying, stewing, boiling, and making good use of coriander, pepper, spices with color and flavor.
The cuisine in central Anhui is basically Huaiyang cuisine, or a variant of Huaiyang cuisine, paying attention to knife work, fine methods, paying attention to fresh raw materials, peaceful taste, fresh and sweet.
With different dialect systems and different eating habits, it is really difficult for three people from northern Anhui, central Anhui, and southern Anhui to sit at the same table and talk about things.
Many situations in Anhui are actually very similar to neighbors Jiangsu.
Since the Qianlong period, Jiangnan Province, which has too much territory and strength, was cut vertically from the middle, and Jiangsu Province was placed in the east and Anhui Province in the west, although it has undergone several twists and turns, this pattern has been gradually determined until today.
A less rational division that keeps different geographical and cultural units under the same roof, and although hundreds of years have passed, the differences from north to south still seem difficult to reconcile.
But then again, why do you have to reconcile the differences? Three Anhui, isn't it good?
History sometimes arranges a near-destined path in a manner that is almost a joke. It's incredible, but it's precisely because of this that we have the opportunity to see the beauty of this land.
The three Anhuis may allow us to look at different Chinas from three aspects.
In northern Anhui, we see the traditional native China, the long history, the rich cultural accumulation, the birth of simple and friendly etiquette, the enterprising spirit of hard work, even in the deepest suffering, people are still firmly fighting against fate, never give up the bold pursuit of a better life.
In southern Anhui, we see the China of culture and religion, the China of commerce and trade, "hundreds of years of old home, nothing but the accumulation of virtue; the first class of good things, or reading", in the prosperous place of wind and things, the hometown of boats and cars, the domain of clothing and cultural relics, those who are elegant and open, those who travel for thousands of miles, are looking for the road to use in the world, and also create an enduring cultural nostalgia for future generations.
In Anhui, we see the development of modern China, what are the poor conditions? What about a thin base? As long as we concentrate on construction, we can develop rapidly, catch up later, write a new history, and become a new highland.
We like this Anhui, just as we like this China.
Anhui may not be glamorous or dazzling, it always seems very deep, in silent whispers, let us see yesterday, today and tomorrow, no matter what the situation, can re-give us love and encouragement.