Exciting!
On the evening of February 6,
The Chinese women's football team staged a reversal of the miracle of death!
They beat South Korea 3:2 in the Asian Cup final,
After 16 years, we will win the Asian Cup!
In the history of the Asian Cup, the Chinese women's football team has won the championship 8 times.
It is the team that has won the most championships,
But the last time he won the title was in 2006.
After 16 years,
Chinese women's football team returns to the top of Asia!
In contrast,
The Chinese men's football team has been defeated repeatedly.
Chinese New Year's Day (February 1),
The Chinese men's football team in the World Cup Asian qualifiers,
Lost 1:3 to Weak Weak... Travel to Vietnam,
Once again in the qualifiers,
Completely missed the 2022 World Cup in Qatar.
Why is China's women's football team stronger than men's football?
The angry and helpless editor couldn't help but think like this:
Does this also have historical roots?
It is understood that
China is not only the country of origin of football,
And the mainland women's football is also the world's earliest,
In China's more than 1,000-year history from the Han Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty,
Every dynasty has women's soccer events,
But mostly in the court and in the entertainers,
As a means of entertainment,
Mainly including soccer dances and soccer games,
Strong performance and ornamentation but poor confrontation.
Although there are also women's football activities in the folk,
But there is a lack of extensiveness.
According to research,
As early as the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220 AD) before 1800,
The mainland has a women's football game
(A dance form of football activity).
During the Tang Dynasty,
Women's soccer has become popular,
And the "women's football" at that time,
It's better than the "men's soccer team".
▲Qing Dynasty painter Huang Shen's "Keju Tu"
The player in the picture is Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin
There is such a paragraph circulating on the Internet, Ronaldo retired from Brazilian football for 8 years without slowing down; Zidane retired from French football for 12 years without slowing down; Baggio retired From Italian football for 16 years without slowing down; Gao Li retired, Chinese football has not eased up for more than a thousand years...
In fact, has Chinese football declined so much? Especially in ancient times, the facts prove that the Song Dynasty had professional football clubs, Song Taizu wore dragon robes to play football, and the Tang Dynasty's "women's football" was stronger than the "men's football".
If you don't believe it, look down.
Keju is an ancient Chinese game similar to modern football. This kind of game is often written in the classics as "Ke Ji", "Ke Shu", "Shu Shu", or "Shu Ju". The Shuowen Jiezi interprets "蹴": "蹑也", interprets "鞠": "蹋鞠也". Simply put, "Keju" means "kicking".
The Yellow Emperor's era "using a human stomach as a ball"
Regarding the origin of Keju, there are three common theories: the Yellow Emperor, the Yin Dynasty, and the Warring States. In 1973, the Warring States Bamboo Jane excavated from the Tomb of Mawangdui Han in Changsha had such a record: "The Yellow Emperor encountered Xuan You, so he captured him, stripped him of his leather to think that he was a dry marquis, and made people shoot him... At best, his stomach thinks that he bows, makes people cling to it, and rewards those who are in the middle. That is to say, as early as the time of the Yellow Emperor in ancient Chinese legends, our ancestors had invented a game of cutting off the stomach of the enemy and filling it with hair to make a leather ball to celebrate victory.
In addition, the Xi'an Banpo site excavated by the mainland in the 1950s has unearthed burial stone balls, which may provide evidence for the Keju game in the Yellow Emperor's era, in addition to the role of hunting.
▲Xi'an Banpo site excavated with burial stone balls
Secondly, the scholar who advocates the origin of Keju in the Yin Dynasty is the sports historian Tang Hao, who according to a bu in the Yin Tomb Oracle, "庚寅布, 贞, 胡品舞, 從雨" (Note: "Pin" means Keju. The word "mouth" above is a circular "0" in the oracle bone to represent the ball, while the two "mouths" below are written upside down like the word "book", which is the pictogram of a person's feet), thus determining that "the football dance of the Yin Dynasty is the predecessor of ancient football in the mainland". Of course, because scholars have always had many controversies about the interpretation of oracle bone scripts, Mr. Tang's statement is not entirely reliable.
▲Mai Kemari Image Ishi Takumoto
In contrast, the theory of the origin of Keju and the Warring States is the most convincing, because both the Warring States Policy And the Chronicle of Su Qinlie clearly record that Keju is a game that is popular with the broad masses of the people in the Country of Qi. "Warring States Strategy, Qi Ce": "Its people all play poles and drums, play the piano and build, fight cocks and dogs, and six Bo bowpers", so Linzi, the capital of the State of Qi at that time, was also regarded as the birthplace of Keju.
Liu Bang's father and son are both hardcore fans
It can also be seen from the material quoted above from the bamboo jane excavated from the Tomb of Mawangdui Han in Changsha that the original production of Keju should be closely related to the act of force, that is, it is a military activity.
The Qing Dynasty Duan Yujie's Commentary on the "Ju" character in the Shuowen Jiezi says: "Liu Xiang's Beilu (別錄) said: "The one who bowed, it is rumored that the Yellow Emperor wrote it. Or: the time of the Warring States. Bow, the soldiers also. Therefore, the training of samurai knows that there are also talents, and they all practice it because of play. This clearly tells us that the citizens of Linzi during the Warring States period were also exercising their bodies to prepare for military service while treating Keju as a kind of playful game.
▲The "Women's Keju" Han Dynasty portrait stone unearthed in Nanyang, Henan
In the Han Dynasty, Keju gradually became a means of military training. The Twenty-Five Articles of Keju, written in the Book of Han and Yiwenzhi, was actually classified as a book of soldiers, which was also a collection of books of the Western Han Imperial Family, but it was unfortunately lost later. Historical records show that Liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Gao, built a large-scale "Ju castle" in the palace garden for football competitions and military training. Because of his vigorous promotion, successive Han Dynasty emperors were enthusiastic about this sport, so that posterity will elect Liu Bang as the person who contributed the most to the development of ancient Chinese football.
Just as the so-called father must have his son, Liu Bang's interest in football is not unprovoked. His father, Taigong, was actually a football enthusiast, and when he was young, he often played football with the "butcher boy" in Hongo Fengyi, so much so that the "Xijing Miscellaneous Records" recorded that Liu Bang deliberately moved the "old people" of Hongo to "Xinfeng" in order to let his father spend a good old age, so that they could "fight cocks and bow".
Girls in the Tang Dynasty played better than men's soccer
Before the Tang Dynasty, "bows" were solid balls made of leather, which were filled with materials such as hair, and such balls were certainly not comfortable to play. In the Tang Dynasty, Keju gradually got rid of the military training function and became an important activity of entertainment and leisure, so in order to increase the elasticity of the ball, people slowly invented the inflated ball.
If you don't believe it, there is a poem as proof: "The rain and smoke and willows want to be clear, and the people of the golden house are idle and warm." There is nothing wrong with the eternal day, and the sound of balloons can be heard across the street. In this poem, Wei Zhuang actually conveys two messages to us, in addition to the fact that the football at that time was filled with gas, but also tells us that Keju is mostly carried out in the cold food festival before the Qingming Festival, because playing football on this day can help people eliminate the accumulation of eating cold food.
Tang Hao completed the "Preliminary Examination of The Historical Materials of Ancient Chinese Ball Sports" (the seventh and eighth series of the "Reference Materials for the History of Chinese Sports" published in May 1959) before his death, and summarized the two characteristics of ancient Chinese football: "the earliest creation of women's football" and "children's football". These two characteristics have also been clearly confirmed in the excavated cultural relics and paintings of the Tang and Song dynasties, in which we can find images depicting women and children playing football.
▲ Ming Du Yan 's "Lady Picture Scroll" (partial) Female Keju
Interestingly, China's "women's football" is not only better than the "men's football" in modern times, in fact, the level of football for girls in the Tang Dynasty has surpassed that of the "men's football".
The Tang Dynasty Kang Biao's "Drama Talk Record: General Pan Lost Pearls" records a story about a sixteen or seventeen-year-old girl, dressed in tattered clothes and wooden slippers, standing under a locust tree next to the street, watching the teenagers in the army play keju. When the ball rolled right under her feet, she flew up and kicked at the ball, and the ball jumped several feet high, and when she saw this scene, all the friends around her were stunned.
The Song Dynasty already had professional football clubs
Like many civic activities, the Song Dynasty was the golden age of Keju's development, and a special football club "Qiyunshe" (also known as "Yuanshe"),, was born, responsible for the organization and publicity of the game.
As the name suggests, "Qi Yun" is the official name of the club, hoping that the ball can be kicked high into the sky, but also contains an auspicious meaning, and wishes the Keju artist Qingyun straight up. Yuanshe is the name of its own people, because the ball is round, so the handling of internal interpersonal relations must also be "known by the circle".
From the perspective of the whole society, from the emperor down to the people, they are full of enthusiasm for football, which can be explained from Su Hanchen's "Song Taizu Keju Diagram".
▲ Yuan Dynasty Qian Xuan copied the "Song Taizu Keju Diagram"
The "Song Taizu Keju Diagram" that we see today is a copy of the Yuan Dynasty painter Qian Xuan, in which two people wearing white robes are one of the Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin, the other is the later Song Taizong Zhao Guangyi, and the opposite of Zhao Guangyi is zhao Pu, the purple-robed prime minister, and the other three are the generals Dang Jin, Shi Shouxin and Chu Zhaofu. On the picture, Zhao Guangyi wears a green scarf on his head, as if he is demonstrating the "upside down ball" action to everyone, while Song Taizu and the ministers of culture and martial arts watch with great interest, as if they are secretly envious of Zhao Guangyi's superb skills.
The whole picture is compactly composed, and although it is undoubtedly Song Taizu who occupies the center, the visual focus is the leather ball that is being provoked by Zhao Guangyi's toes. All the characters on the screen form a circle, and all look down at the leather ball, full of dramatic movement, inadvertently dissolving the majesty and mystery of the imperial power. Of course, from this painting, we can also clearly see that the football of the Song Dynasty is at least no different from today's football in terms of shape.
If It is said that in Su Hanchen's "Song Taizu Keju Diagram", Song Taizu was still just watching from the sidelines and did not show his ball skills, then a "Keju Diagram" by the later Qing Dynasty painter Huang Shen depicted for us the scene of Song Taizu wearing a dragon robe and personally going to battle. With these two pictures alone, it is presumable that Zhao Kuangyin can surpass Liu Bang and ascend to the throne of the most playful emperor in Chinese history.
▲Song Dynasty Keju pattern pottery pillow
Play the ball well and the goblins will let you go
Because of the "Water Margin", the story of Gao Li of the Song Dynasty can be widely spread in the folk, and he was appreciated by Emperor Huizong of Song for kicking a superb "Mandarin Duck Crutch", and finally he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant. Of course, Gao Li is only a special case, but relatively speaking, in the Song Dynasty, as long as the ball is played well, it is easy to become a big official.
In fact, in the fantasy of the ancients, having good skills not only helps the career, but also can turn the evil into a disaster.
▲ Illustration of the Ming Dynasty 'Zhongyi Water Margin'
Pu Songling, a Qing dynasty, told a story in "Liaozhai Zhiyi":
Luzhou people Wang Shixiu father and son are both master of keju, unfortunately his father was drowned by the river when he crossed the Qiantang River in his forties. Eight or nine years later, Wang Shixiu went to Hunan and enjoyed the moon on Dongting Lake at night. Suddenly, five people emerged from the lake, spread a large mat on the surface of the water, and prepared wine and vegetables on the mat. When they got drunk, they actually played football, but accidentally kicked the ball to Wang Shixiu's boat. Wang Shixiu took the opportunity to use his footwork and shot angrily at the ball, resulting in the ball being kicked and falling into the water.
Subsequently, an old man among the five people on the other side recognized from Wang Shixiu's kicking action that this was his family's unique skill "Meteor Abduction", and Wang Shixiu also recognized that this old man was his father. But the question is, didn't you say earlier that my father drowned across the river? It turned out that when my father crossed the Qiantang River, the other nineteen people in his company were all eaten by the fish spirits in the river, and only he could play football, so he was able to save his life. It can be seen that even the living world of ghosts is inseparable from football.
▲ Ming Wang's "Three Talents Picture Society" Keju diagram
Chinese Keju and English football are two different things
To this day, if we read the works of the Chinese people on ancient Keju, we will find that most of them emphasize that China's Keju is the earliest origin of world football, which is represented by the book "Keju - The World's Oldest Football" written by Associate Professor Liu Bingguo of Xuzhou Normal University, and the subtitle of the title directly indicates the author's point of view. However, is this really the case?
Although the documents handed down from generation to generation and the excavated cultural relics are constantly proving that the popularity and prosperity of Keju in ancient China is beyond the imagination of today's people. But it is undeniable that the ancient Chinese keju game and the modern football competition that originated in Britain are still two different things, just as the Olympic Games, which originated in ancient Greece, and the modern Olympic Games, which were advocated by the Frenchman Coubertin and continue to this day, are two different things.
From the perspective of the history of the development of Chinese and Western football, whether it is China's "Keju" or the ancient Roman "Hapastrom", it is actually just an early barbaric game similar to modern football in human history. In fact, they have all experienced the development process of civilization from the use of hands and feet to the use of only feet, and they have also suffered the fate of being banned. In order to avoid soldiers from playing, Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty ordered that soldiers were strictly forbidden to play football, and even "those who bowed unloaded their feet". In 1314, the Mayor of London, in order to maintain public order, also issued a decree prohibiting citizens from playing football in public places.
Therefore, the question of whether Keju is really the "oldest football in the world" is actually not important, and the degree of civilization of a country is never directly proportional to its history, and repeated arguments that Keju is the oldest football in the world are of course more helpful to send the Chinese national football team into the World Cup.
Attached: Mr. Tang Hao, an expert in the history of martial arts and sports, drew a map of the Keju venues and competitions in China.
At last
Don't think,
This article is to find historical reasons for the Chinese men's football team not to fight!
Rather,
Chinese men's soccer team,
Isn't that a reason for you to be angry!
The | is synthesized from Xinhua News Agency, People's Daily, Oriental Morning Post
Figure| CCTV Sports People's Daily Oriental Morning Post network
The copyright of graphics and texts belongs to the original author or institution
Edited | Shanxi Evening News All-Media Editor Nanlijiang
Audit | Fang Tianji
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