Confucius was the founder of the Confucian school, from September 28, 551 BC to April 11, 479 BC, the surname of Confucius, the name Qiu, the character Zhongni, the lu state of Qiyi (present-day Qufu City, Shandong Province), whose ancestral home was Liyi in the Song Kingdom (present-day Xiayi County, Henan Province), an ancient Chinese thinker, politician, educator, founder of the Confucian school, and "Dacheng Most Holy Ancestor".
Confucius pioneered the practice of private lectures and advocated benevolence, righteousness, and wisdom. There were three thousand disciples, of whom seventy-two were sages. He led some of his disciples to travel around the world for fourteen years, and in his later years revised the Six Classics (Poems, Books, Rites, Music, Yi, and Spring and Autumn). After his death, his disciples and re-disciples recorded the words, deeds, and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples, and compiled them into the Analects. The book is enshrined as a Confucian classic.
Confucius was one of the most erudite scholars in society at that time, and during his lifetime, he was revered as "the saint of heaven" and "the wooden duo of heaven", and was respected by later rulers as a sage of Kong, the most holy, the most holy teacher, the most holy master of Dacheng, and the master of all ages. His ideas have had a profound impact on China and the world, and his people are listed as the first of the "world's top ten cultural celebrities". With the expansion of Confucius's influence, the "Sacrifice Of Confucius Ceremony" once became a great ceremony of the same level as the ancestor gods of China.
So in this issue, let's first walk into the character rings of the sage Confucius!
Confucius can be said to have been born into an aristocracy, whose ancestors were nobles in the Song dynasty of Liyi (present-day Xiayi County, Henan Province), and whose ancestors were Shang Tang, the founding monarch of the Shang Dynasty. After the rebellion of the Three Prisons at the beginning of The Zhou Dynasty, in order to appease the nobles and descendants of the Shang Dynasty, the Duke of Zhou, on the orders of King Cheng of Zhou, sealed the brother of king Shang Qi to establish the State of Song in Shangqiu and enshrine Yin Shang. After the death of Wei Ziqi, his younger brother Wei Zhong, who was the fourteenth ancestor of Confucius, took the throne. The sixth ancestor of the Kong clan was for Kong's father Jia. Kong Fujia was a Grand Master of the Song Dynasty, a former Sima of song with a fief in Liyi, the State of Song, who was later killed by Dazai Huadu during a civil strife in the court. Confucius's father Jiazi Mujin father, Mujin father and son praying father, praying father and son Kong Fangshu, Kong Fangshu's grandson Liang Qi was Confucius's father, Shu Liang Qi fled to lu (present-day Qufu City, Shandong Province) to avoid the song war and settled, and his official position was Qiyi Dafu.
Uncle Liang's wife, Shi Shi, gave birth to nine daughters but no sons, and the concubine bore him the eldest son, Meng Pi. Meng Pi had a foot disease, and Shu Liang was very dissatisfied, so he asked Na Yan's daughter to be a concubine. The Yan clan has three daughters, only the younger daughter Yan Zheng is willing to marry his uncle Liang Qi. Yan Zheng was less than twenty years old at the time, and Shu Liang was already sixty-six years old, with a huge age difference, the two were married to each other, and the husband and wife lived in Nishan and were pregnant, so they called it "Wild Union". So, are the friends here in front of the screen curious about some of the detailed experiences of Kong Shengren? Don't worry, follow the pace of the editor, let us walk into the life path of Kong Shengren.
The specific birthday of Confucius is disputed, with the Ram Biography as The Day of Gengzi in the 21st month of the 21st year of Lu Xianggong (September 28, 551 BC); the Biography of Gu Liang as the Day of Gengzi in October of the same year; and the Chronicle of History as the following year, not the day of the month. Confucius's 51st Grandson Of Confucius, Kong Yuancuo's Records of kong Yuancuo, sets Confucius' birthday on August 27, 22 ,551 BC (September 28, 551 BCE), but there is still controversy in later generations.
Confucius was born with seven leaks, a polder on his head (meaning a depression on the top of his head), and because his mother had prayed on Mount Niqiu, he was named "Qiu" (丘), the word "Zhongni".
In the twenty-fourth year of The Duke of Luxiang (549 BC), confucius was three years old when his uncle Liang Qi died of illness. After Shu Liang's death, Yan Zheng was expelled by Shu Liang's wife Shi Shi, so he took Confucius's brother Meng Pi and Confucius to Qufu Queli and lived a life of poverty.
In the fifth year of Lu Zhaogong (537 BC), Confucius realized that he should strive to learn the skills of being a man and life, so he said that although he was fifteen years old, his ambition was to do learning.
In the seventh year of Lu Zhaogong (535 BC), Confucius's mother Yan Zheng died. In this year, The Ji clan invited a first-class nobleman, Confucius, to a banquet, but was rejected by Yang Hu, a minister of the Ji clan.
In the ninth year of Lu Zhaogong (533 BC), Confucius was nineteen years old, and in order to be able to often return to his ancestral homeland of song to worship his ancestors, he married the daughter of the Song dynasty official.
In the days that followed, Confucius entered the path of his career. During this period, Confucius worked as a farmer, managed livestock, and became acquainted with Qi Jinggong. In the twenty-fourth year of Lu Zhaogong (518 BC), Meng Yizi and Nangong Jingshu learned from Confucius. According to legend, Confucius and Nangong Jingshu asked Zhou to greet Lao Chen, and asked for pleasure in Cang Hong. After this, Confucius's career, although not bad, was also full of crises. For example, in the twenty-seventh year of Lu Zhaogong (515 BC), the doctor of the State of Qi wanted to harm Confucius, and Confucius heard about it and asked Qi Jinggong for help. Qi Jinggong said that he was old and could not be used. Confucius had no choice but to flee back to the kingdom of Lu. Then in the twelfth year of the Duke of Luding (498 BC), Confucius weakened the Three Huans (Jisun, Shusun, and Mengsun, because they were descendants of the three sons of the Duke of Luhuan, so they were called Sanhuan. At that time, the Lu state power was actually in their hands, and some of Sanhuan's courtiers controlled Sanhuan to varying degrees) took measures to demolish the castle built by Sanhuan. Later, the action of the three capitals was abandoned halfway, and the contradiction between Confucius and the three huans was also exposed.
Finally, in the thirteenth year of the Duke of Luding (497 BC), Confucius was fifty-five years old. In the spring, the State of Qi sent eighty beautiful women to the Country of Lu. Ji Huanzi accepted the female music, and the monarch was obsessed with singing and dancing, and ignored the government for many days. Confucius and Ji shi have a discord. Confucius was very disappointed. Soon after, the state of Lu held a suburban festival, and after the sacrifice, according to the custom, the sacrificial meat was not given to Confucius when it was sent to the doctors. This shows that Ji Shi does not want to appoint him anymore, Confucius had no choice but to leave the country of Lu and go to a foreign country to find a way out, and what did Confucius do when he went abroad? I believe that the small partners in front of the screen are already familiar with this. Then, please once again, please follow the pace of the editor to relive the tunnel of history!
After Confucius left the country of Lu, he and many disciples traveled around the world that everyone is familiar with.
In the fourteenth year of the Duke of Luding (496 BC), Confucius led his disciples out of the state of Lu and came to the state of Wei. Confucius was summoned by Nanzi, the Duchess of Weiling, in Weiguo. Confucius's disciple Zilu had a strong opinion on Confucius's meeting with Nanzi and criticized Confucius. When Zheng Guo's son died, Confucius was very sad when he heard the news, and praised the benevolent people who had been handed down from ancient times. Confucius took his disciples to Weiguo first, and Wei Linggong began to respect Confucius very much, and gave Confucius 60,000 yuan according to lulu standards in luguo, but did not give him any official positions and did not let him participate in political affairs.
Confucius lived in Weiguo for about 10 months, and because someone rumored in front of Wei Linggong, Wei Linggong became suspicious of Confucius and sent people to publicly monitor Confucius's actions, so Confucius took his disciples away from Weiguo and planned to go to Chen Guo. When passing through Kuangcheng, he was besieged for 5 days due to misunderstanding, fled Kuangcheng, and arrived in Pudi, where he encountered a rebellion by the Wei nobles Gong Shu and was besieged again. After escaping, Confucius returned to Weiguo. When Wei Linggong heard that Confucius's master and apprentice had returned from Pudi, he was very happy and personally went out of the city to greet him. After that, Confucius left Weiguo several times and returned to Weiguo several times, on the one hand, because Wei Linggong was good and bad to Confucius, and on the other hand, after Confucius left Weiguo, he had nowhere to go, so he had to return to Weiguo.
In the fifteenth year of the Duke of Luding (495 BC), Confucius left the Wei state and returned to the state of Lu.
In the year 494 BC, the State of Wu sent people to hire the State of Lu and asked Confucius about the "bone knot special car".
In the second year of the Duke of Lu 'ai ( 493 BC ) , Confucius came from the State of Lu to the State of Wei. Wei Linggong asked Confucius, and Confucius politely refused Wei Linggong. Confucius could not stay in Weiguo and left Weiguo to go west. Passing through the State of Cao, Cao Boyang did not receive Confucius. After a short stop in the Cao Kingdom and arriving at the Song Kingdom, Sima Huan of song hated Confucius and threatened to harm Confucius, and Confucius obeyed him slightly. At the age of fifty-nine, Confucius left the Wei kingdom through Cao Guo, Song Guo, and Zheng Guo to Chen Guo, and Chen Guo then sent people to besiege Confucius's teachers and apprentices in the middle of the road, not relying on the village in the front and not relying on the shop, and the grain he brought was eaten for seven days. In the end, zigong found the Chu people, and the chu state sent troops to meet Confucius, and Confucius's master and apprentice were spared death.
In the third year of the Duke of Lu 'ai (492 BC), Confucius was sixty years old, and said that at this time, he could correctly deal with various remarks and did not feel unhappy. Confucius passed zheng to Chen Guo, and was separated from his disciples in the capital of Zheng Guo, waiting alone at the East Gate for his disciples to come to look for him, and was ridiculed, saying that he looked like a dog that had lost his family.
In the fourth year of the Duke of Lu 'ai ( 491 BC ) , Confucius left the State of Chen and came to the State of Cai.
In the fifth year of the Reign of Lu 'ai ( 490 BC ) , Confucius came to the Kingdom of Ye from the State of Cai. Ye Gong, the monarch of the Kingdom of Ye, asked Confucius about government and discussed moral issues of integrity with Confucius. On his way back from Ye to Cai, Confucius encountered a hermit.
In the sixth year of the Duke of Lu 'ai ( 489 BC ) , Confucius and his disciples were trapped between the Kingdoms of Chen and Cai , and many of them fell ill due to starvation and were later rescued by the Chu people. Returning to Weiguo from the Chu kingdom, he encountered a hermit on the way.
In the seventh year of the Duke of Lu 'ai ( 488 BC ) , Confucius returned to Weiguo and advocated that the wei state should be the first to correct the name.
In the eighth year of the Duke of Lu 'ai ( 487 BC ) , the State of Wu rebelled against the State of Lu , and the State of Wu was defeated. Confucius's disciples had meritorious service in battle.
In the tenth year of the Duke of Lu 'ai ( 485 BC ) , Confucius was in Weiguo , and Confucius 's wife Qi Guanshi died.
In the eleventh year of the Duke of Lu 'ai ( 484 BC ) , the State of Qi sent a division to attack the State of Lu , and Confucius 's disciple Ran asked Shuai Lu to fight with Qi and won. Ji Kangzi asked Ran where his command ability came from, and Ran You said that he had learned it from Confucius. At the age of sixty-eight, confucius, with the efforts of his disciple Ran Qiu, Ji Kangzi sent people to welcome Confucius back to Luguo in coins. Confucius traveled around the world for fourteen years, and this ended. And things are always so unsatisfactory. After returning to the country of Lu, Confucius still had the heart to engage in politics, but he was still respected and not used. Ji Kangzi wanted to implement tianfu, but Confucius opposed it. Ran You said that judging whether a person's behavior is the behavior of a gentleman should be judged by his courtesy number. When giving alms, they will give heavily; when they do things, they will act in moderation; when they die, they will bury themselves thinly.
In the twelfth year of the Reign of Lu Ai (483 BC), Confucius continued to engage in education and documentation. In the winter of that year, Confucius's son Kong Li died.
In the thirteenth year of the Reign of Lu Ai (482 BC), Confucius was seventy years old and said that he could act as he pleased at this time without transgressing the rules. This year, Confucius's favorite disciple Yan Hui died before him, and Confucius was very sad, feeling that the students who had followed him from Chen Guo to Cai Guo in the past were no longer around to be taught.
In the spring of the fourteenth year of the Duke of Lu 'ai ( 481 BC ) , The Western Hunt was captured. Confucius thought this was not a good omen and said that my way was poor. So I stopped practicing "Spring and Autumn". In June of the same year, The State of Qi Chen Heng killed the Duke of Qi, Confucius fasted and bathed for three days, saw the Duke of Lu, and asked the State of Lu to send troops to attack Chen Heng, but there was no support. He also asked Ji Sun to send troops, but was refused.
In the fifteenth year of the Duke of Lu 'ai ( 480 BC ) , Confucius ' another protégé , Died in the Wei Civil Unrest , and was chopped into meat sauce. After this series of blows, Confucius knew that his time was short.
On the fourth day of the first month of February in the sixteenth year of the Reign of Lu Ai (April 4, 479 BC), Zigong came to see Confucius, and Confucius's staff was looking at each other in front of the door. He scolded Zigong for coming to see him so late. So he sighed and said that Tarzan was about to collapse, that the beams and pillars were about to decay and break, and that the philosophers were going to wither and rot like grass and trees. Confucius shed tears and said, "It has been a long, long time since there is no way under the heavens, and no one is willing to adopt their own ideas." Your own claims cannot be fulfilled. People of the Xia Dynasty died in the East Steps, Zhou Dynasty people died in the West Steps, and Yin Shang people died between two pillars. Yesterday at dusk, I dreamed that I was sitting between two trees to pay homage, and my ancestors were Yin merchants. ”
On February 11, 479 BC , Confucius died of illness at the age of seventy-three and was buried on the shore of Surabaya , north of Lucheng. Many disciples guarded the tomb for three years, but Zigong guarded the tomb of Confucius for six years. Hundreds of disciples and Lu people came from the tomb and came from the family, which was named Kongli. Confucius's former residence was converted into a temple and was worshipped by the people.
See here, then in front of the screen of the small friends, our content of this issue is about to end. In the next few issues, we will walk into and understand the main achievements of Confucius's sages, evaluation of future generations, etc. We'll see you next time, bye-bye!
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Learn from the great sage Mr. Confucius and pay tribute to the traditional Chinese culture! Come on, every countryman!