Zhao Qian (1351-1395), also spelled Guze, was a native of Yuyao, Zhejiang. When Zhao Qian was young, he was lonely and had to eat in a mountain temple. Here, Zhao Qian can learn from the Buddhists in the temple and travel with them to study in all directions. This convenient learning condition has cultivated the good quality of Zhao Qian's humility and eagerness to learn.
So as long as you hear that there is a certain person who is high, whether it is a hundred miles or a thousand miles, whether it is cold or hot, you must personally visit the door to ask for a teacher. In this regard, the Qing Dynasty Zhu Yizun's "Biography of Zhao Qian" recorded that Zhao Qian went around making friends and studying: "Tiantai Zheng Si expressed his kindness to "Yi", and then received "Yi" from it.
Dinghai Leliang, Yin Zheng Zhenming", Shanyin Zhao Li is longer than saying "Poetry", Yu Yu Shan Le Fu, Guangling Zhang YuGong Song poems, Wuwei Wu Zhichun, Huating Zhu Fugong cursive seal, Unveiling Qianxi and as friends. This kind of good and humble learning habits have greatly improved Zhao Qian's learning. The "History of Ming" is about Sheng Zhaoqian: "Studying the Six Classics and the Study of the Hundred Books, you jing six books, composing the "Six Books of Benyi", and reproducing the "Sound and Text Pass.""
In the twelfth year of Ming Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the summons of various poets to revise the book "ZhengYun", and Zhao Qian, who was only twenty-eight years old at the time, stood out in the interview, and even the famous university scholar Song Lian praised him and issued a sigh of "my generation is inferior". However, due to the fact that Zhao Qian was young and vigorous at that time, he was ostracized by the jealousy of everyone, and was soon transferred to the Guozi Supervisory Book, mainly responsible for the daily affairs of Zhang Shuwen. In the following year, Zhao Qian, because of his political disagreements with his colleagues, simply resigned from his official post and returned home to concentrate on his studies.
Nine years later, in the twenty-second year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang wanted to reactivate the Sages, and Hou Yong, then a servant of the bureaucracy, recommended Zhao Qian to him. Zhu Yuanzhang accepted Hou Yong's proposal and said of Zhao Qian: "The books he writes cannot be done unless they are quiet, and they think they are instructors." He also said, "I already knew him, waiting for him to be older and reuse him." Later, at Xie Jin's suggestion, Zhao Qian became the teaching of Qiongshan County. Although Qiongshan was thousands of miles away from his hometown, Zhao Qian was ordered to leave the mountain.
Zhu Yuanzhang
Previously, although Hainan was vigorously indoctrinated by su shi, Hu Quan, and other great talents who were exiled here during the Song Dynasty, in the early Ming Dynasty, the local area was still barbaric, and there were very few people who read books. As soon as Zhao Qian arrived in Hainan, he was warmly welcomed by the local governor of Qiongzhou and the Qiongshan County Order, and not only had a very respectful attitude, but also specially contributed to the construction of an archaeological platform for him to use in his writings and research. And Zhao Qian did not slacken off, and immediately threw himself into the great task of educating Hainan. For a while, the reputation was so famous that the students from all walks of life heard the voices and returned to it, and Hainan, which used to be known as the barbaric land, had a great change in literary style.
Among these students, the famous ones are Wang Hui of Anhui and Zhu Ji of Fujian, who have also made great contributions to the cause of education in Hainan.
In addition, Zhao Qian also widely collected disciples in Hainan, adhering to the principle of teaching without class, accepting both the rich and the common people, both Han children and Li descendants, completely regardless of ethnicity, no distinction between nobles and lowly, and all students were treated equally. In this regard, the Qing Dynasty's "Zhejiang Tongzhi" praised Zhao Qian for "taking the rise of Swen as his own responsibility, creating a backward advance, and for a while the scholar class suddenly followed it, and the literary style remained unchanged", "Li people all know Xianghua, known as the Master of Hainan".
In terms of teaching, Zhao Qian personally wrote textbooks, including the literacy textbooks "Tong Meng Xi Sentences" and "Xuefan", as well as "Sound and Character Pass", "Six Books of Benyi", "Creation of Jing Luntu", etc., many of which have become famous works.
Zhao Qian did not teach dead books, he also paid great attention to the indoctrination of phonology. He once described himself in the Collected Works of Zhao Archaeology:
"Taste the woods sitting in the mountains, looking up and thinking, leaning down and sighing, the Six Classics of the Sons, the historical records are all known in detail, and there have been people throughout the ages!" However, the study of phonology has long been unknown. The phonology is related to the teachings of the national language and must not be unknown. This "Sound and Text Pass" so made also. ”
"Sound and Text" spent Zhao Qian's twenty years of painstaking efforts, and after the book came out, it was affirmed and appreciated by the mainstream society at that time. Later Zhao Qian's disciples also specially presented this book to the imperial court, and Ming Chengzu greatly appreciated it after reading it, and specially ordered it to be treasured in the secret cabinet.
However, during the orthodox years, the guards on duty went so far as to guard themselves and steal the book, causing the book to be lost, leaving only a few bibliographies, and Qiu Mao, who was angry and angry, scolded: "Those who steal this book should be in a different place." It can be seen that the status of "Sound and Text" is quite high.
In the winter of the twenty-eighth year of Hongwu, Zhao Qian fell ill and was bedridden, and he in turn comforted the students who were watching over the bedside: "Too vain cannot be a character without gathering, and the characters cannot be too vain without dispersing, and I should not return to my yuan." His open-minded outlook on life and death is evident. Soon, Zhao Qian died of illness at the age of forty-five. His students were reluctant to bury him in Yuyao's homeland, so they rushed to bury him in Qiongshan County, near the current capital of Gaodengli.
But there is also a saying that in the appendix of the "Zhao Archaeological Anthology", such an old event in Hainan is recorded. During the Chenghua period, a Confucian named Wu Hu in Ding'an County, qiongzhou province, wrote to Jiang shengzheng in Qiongzhou, saying that he was a descendant of Zhao Qian. It turned out that after Zhao Qian died of illness in Qiongshan, his only son, Zhao Mengshi, was unable to help the coffin return to his hometown, so he had to bury his father in the county school neighborhood.
After that, Zhao Mengshi followed his mother to live in Ding'an and naturalized with his mother's surname. After Jiang Shangzheng read the letter and carefully verified it, he restored Wu Huzhao's surname. Since then, Zhao Hu has also written letters with his relatives left in Zhejiang, which can also be regarded as the realization of his long-cherished wish to recognize his ancestors and return to the ancestors.
In short, Zhao Qian ran a school in Hainan, not only compiling his own teaching materials and writing books and sayings, but also teaching without class, taking into account many aspects, which not only greatly changed the style of Hainan literature, but also made the Hainan people "read Confucius's books with courtesy and wash away the ugliness of the ancients", even if they came out of the Central Plains, the Zhongyuan scholars did not dare to despise them. Later generations therefore called Zhao Qian "Sage of Hainan" and "Confucius of Hainan".
bibliography:
1. Zhuo Yanli, "On Zhao Qian's Contribution to Hainan Culture"