As a pioneer of the Chinese communist movement and a great proletarian revolutionary, Comrade Li Dazhao's contribution to China is immeasurable, and at the same time he plays a decisive role in the Chinese communist movement and the cause of national liberation. And with its extremely high morality and learning, it influenced a large number of advanced young people in the May Fourth period.
On April 28, 1927, it was a day of great sorrow for the people of China, because Comrade Li Dazhao, who was bent on saving the country and the people, was killed in a very cruel way by the reactionary warlords. However, the criminals went unpunished, and after the founding of New China, the case of Li Dazhao's murder was finally retried. Under the investigation, the truth of the murder case of that year was finally revealed.
One day in March 1949, led by Wang Yeqiu, a cadre of the Beijing Central Military Commission, they arrived at the Second Prison near Deshengmen, and after searching, the relevant staff found that there was an abandoned gallows in a deserted corner of the prison.
In 1961, the state officially opened the museum, and a cultural relic numbered 001 was presented in front of people's eyes, which attracted people's attention. However, this cultural relic, numbered 001, is different from other cultural relics, he is the gallows where the main founder of the Communist Party of China, Mr. Li Dazhao, was executed, and the great Mr. Li Dazhao died cruelly on this gallows.
Since he was a child, Li Dazhao has studied hard and has always been among the best in school. In 1907, he was admitted to Tianjin Beiyang Political Science and Law School. When Li Dazhao was young, he witnessed with his own eyes the tragic situation in which the country was in a life-and-death situation under imperialist aggression. The people of Li are living in the depths of the waters but no one has rescued them. All this aroused Li Dazhao's patriotic enthusiasm in his heart, so he made up his mind to find a way out for China, which was terminally ill at that time.
In order to obtain a good medicine to save the country and save the people, Li Dazhao traveled to Japan to study in 1913, and in the new environment, he was exposed to advanced new ideas and in-depth study of Marxist theory. After returning to China, Li Dazhao actively participated in the new cultural movement for the first time, and since then he has bravely resisted the feudal stubborn forces.
Li Dazhao's confidence was again greatly encouraged by his in-depth analysis and study of the reasons for the victory of the October Revolution in Russia. From this he was even more convinced that only socialism could save China from the depths of the sea and completely break away from the predicament of decay.
During this period he began to publish articles on the victory of the October Revolution, praising the October Revolution. There is a sentence in the text that makes a very deep impression: "Try to see the future of the world, it must be the world of red flags"!
After the end of the First World War, China, as the victorious power, was still forced to sign 21 treaties of humiliation and humiliation, and at the same time, at the request of Germany, it also transferred the rights and interests of Shandong to Japan. In the face of Such an unreasonable and shameful act and demand by Japan, people from all walks of life in Beijing are indignant.
The failure of China's diplomacy at the Paris Peace Conference caused great indignation among the people, and the May Fourth Patriotic Movement broke out. Li Dazhao dared to be the first in the world, actively and bravely threw himself into the single weight of the movement, gathered and led all strata of society to safeguard the territorial sovereignty of the country.
In March 1920, Li Dazhao met with Vyginsky, director of the Far East Bureau of the Comintern. Through in-depth exchanges, Li Dazhao made clear his desire to build the party. Vyginsky was highly supportive and arranged for him to meet with Chen Duxiu. Since then, there has been a great feat of "meeting in the south and building the party together", and since then, the seeds of Marxism have continuously taken root and sprouted in this part of China.
In 1921, under the leadership of Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu, the First National Congress of the Communist Party of China was successfully convened, announcing the formal establishment of the Communist Party of China, and the Chinese revolution ushered in a new era. However, it did not improve the situation in China at that time. Although the decadent Qing Dynasty had collapsed, China at that time was once again in a stage of warlord melee.
Li Dazhao, who was guiding the work in the north, found a problem, in the actual work process, only relying on the only strength to complete the great mission, in order to be able to solve this problem well, he decided to carry out some exchanges with the Kuomintang, and strive to achieve cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communists.
At that time, Sun Yat-sen was the supreme leader of the Kuomintang, and although the number of personnel within the Kuomintang was huge, the situation within the Party was very complicated, and everyone was pregnant with a ghost fetus, but although the number of our Party under the leadership of Comrade Li Dazhao was sparse, everyone was united as one, and everyone was elite.
Comrade Li Dazhao has done his duty for the masses of the people, strived to seek the welfare of the masses of the people, and spared no effort to work hard for the interests of the people, and everyone can see it; however, Comrade Li Dazhao's behavior has not been approved by some people within the Kuomintang, but on the contrary, some people have slandered him from the sidelines.
In the face of other people's accusations and criticisms, Comrade Li Dazhao did not take these to heart, and then he successfully met with Dr. Sun Yat-sen, and when they first met, the two had a feeling of seeing each other and hating each other, and they chatted very happily. Dr. Sun Yat-sen was very fond of this communist.
In 1924, at the first national congress of the Kuomintang, Li Dazhao was elected as a standing member of the Kuomintang Central Committee and one of the five members of the presidium, which was a sign of the formal cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.
In the days that followed, Li Dazhao handled the affairs related to the north of the two parties of the Li Kuomintang and the Communist Party. Li Dazhao awakened a large number of advanced new youth through his enthusiastic shouts. These young people, who were the first to awaken, played a pivotal role in the revolutionary cause and became the backbone of the revolution.
At that time, the president of the Beiyang government was Yuan Shikai. He wanted to restore the feudal monarchy and impose a dictatorship, which aroused the indignation of the people at all levels. Therefore, under the leadership of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the Kuomintang began the Northern Expedition, and yuan shikai's plots and tricks did not succeed, and the achievements of the revolution were preserved.
Later, with the outbreak of the August 13 Massacre, the contradictions between the warlords and the revolutionary progressives were gradually stimulated, so the situation began to become more and more tense, and the organization decided to move the leading organ to the old Russian barracks of the Soviet Embassy in Dongjiaomin Lane in order to prevent Li Dazhao's personal safety from being infringed.
Li Dazhao actively lobbied among local warlords, and achieved certain results under his efforts, such as Feng Yuxiang's willingness to support the revolution under the persuasion of Li Dazhao, and at the same time he successfully plotted against Guo Songling. Of course, this move of his triggered Zhang Zuolin's extreme dissatisfaction.
Zhang Zuolin has been accumulating strength for himself during this period, Taoguang has cultivated obscurity, and because he has defected to Japan in the 1920s, he has received Japanese military support, so Zhang Zuolin has a strong military strength, and he himself looks forward to one day being able to accumulate thick and thin.
In April 1926, Zhang Zuolin led an army into Beijing. On the one hand, he was well prepared to resist the attack of the National Revolutionary Army. On the other hand, he brutally persecuted the revolutionaries in an attempt to eliminate the leading bodies of the Communist Party of the North before the advent of the Northern Expedition.
Previously, Li Dazhao had offended Zhang Zuolin, so Zhang Zuolin regarded Li Dazhao as a thorn in his eye and was bound to eradicate him. Li Dazhao's daily whereabouts in order to evade Zhang Zuolin's pursuit and arrest are also very hidden. However, Li Dazhao's activities attracted zhang Zuolin's attention, and the activities of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party were also very frequent. Therefore, he speculated that Li Dazhao was still in Beijing, so he began a frenzied search and arrest of him.
In September 1929, Wu Yuwen, head of the investigation department of the Beijing Police Department, was interrogating an underground Communist Party member named Li Bohai, who had always been very timid and afraid of trouble. Wu Yuwen soon noticed the panic and fear in this person's eyes, so he realized that he should take advantage of this person's weakness to obtain some confidential information from his mouth.
Sure enough, under wu Yuwen's coercion and inducement, Li Bohai had no choice but to betray the party in order to protect his personal safety, and handed over the list of the communist party to them, and the most hateful thing was that he even said li Dazhao's hiding place without concealment.
When Zhang Zuolin learned of Li Dazhao's hiding place, he did not immediately arrest him, but stepped up inspections near the Russian embassy, because the Chinese revolutionaries were in full swing in an anti-imperialist patriotic movement, which made the envoys in China feel very nervous.
After the October Revolution, Russia has obviously embarked on the road of socialism, as if it were in opposition to the capitalist countries of the West. Therefore, the envoys blocked the search of the Chinese army at the Soviet Embassy in China.
At the same time, Zhang Zuolin was very careful about his true strength, he could not compete with the Northern Expeditionary Army, and in order to protect his own interests, he very much hoped to make peace with the Kuomintang high-level and prevent himself from being damaged.
At that time, the real power in the Northern Expedition army was Chiang Kai-shek. However, as a leader, he was not firm in revolutionary ideals, but paid more attention to his own position and power, and the two men naturally maintained a united front.
Logically, this situation was very favorable to Li Dazhao, who was not only the founder of the Communist Party, but also the elder of the Kuomintang. However, Chiang Kai-shek was very afraid of the development of the Communist Party. He believed that the development and growth of the Communist Party would seriously undermine his "one-size-fits-all" rule.
To this end, he did not hesitate to find ways to persecute some advanced Communists, and Li Dazhao, as the backbone of the Communist Party, was one of the most core figures in the Communist Party, and Jieshi naturally wanted to get rid of him.
In order to gain Chiang Kai-shek's support, Zhang Zuolin learned that Chiang Kai-shek was going to tear up the cooperation agreement between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and was determined to arrest Li Dazhao. In order to successfully arrest Li Dazhao, Zhang Zuolin also performed a play with Odenko.
Chen Xingya, superintendent of the Beijing Police Department, submitted to Ou Dengke the "Letter from the Beijing Police Department to the Chief Envoy" and applied to enter the embassy area to conduct a search. Odenko pretended to write his name on it and issued a notice to his subordinates not to stop the Chinese army and police.
Then, Chen Xingya, Lei Hengcheng, Wu Yuwen and others led nearly 300 guards toward the Soviet embassy, at this time Li Dazhao was writing at home without any mental preparation, but suddenly there was a gunshot.
Li Dazhao realized the seriousness of the matter at this time, and he prepared to flee with his daughter, but a group of people stopped them.
Wu Yuwen walked up to Li Dazhao and asked, "If the contemptible person is not mistaken, you are Mr. Li Dazhao."
Li Dazhao frankly admitted his identity.
Wu Yuwen saw that Li Dazhao was blunt, and he no longer turned around and directly took away Li Dazhao, his wife and children, and more than 30 other comrades. Because this was an emergency, Li Dazhao was unprepared, which led them to take away a large number of confidential documents within the party.
In fact, Zhang Zuolin's attitude toward the Kuomintang and the Communist Party has never been so fierce. Under normal circumstances, it will not be put to death, at most it will be beaten and then released. In dealing with the Communists, Chiang Kai-shek and Zhang Zuolin maintained the same attitude.
He believed that as long as the Communist Party was willing to only be an auxiliary to the Kuomintang and jointly assist the Kuomintang in accomplishing the great cause of reunification, but as a Democratic Party, Chiang Kai-shek would not exterminate them.
Zhang Zuolin believes that as long as they just stop at shouting slogans and there is no big action, he will not kill them. However, Li Dazhao's actions made Zhang Zuolin more vigilant, and he realized that Li Dazhao was not a simple person, and the CCP forces led by Li Dazhao were getting stronger and stronger, and they were constantly expanding their military strength.
In Chiang Kai-shek's mind, the army is about the lifeblood and survival of his future, and he believes that whoever controls military strength will control the fate and future, and only then will he have real real power.
In the face of the ccp's growing armed forces, this undoubtedly poses a serious threat to him. For this reason, Chiang Kai-shek also formed a feud with the CHINESE Communists.
Comrade Li Dazhao, as the supreme leader of the CPC, firmly wants to develop the armed forces belonging to the CPC itself, which obviously caused great dissatisfaction to Chiang Kai-shek, who felt that Li Dazhao's behavior violated his bottom line.
More and more outstanding military cadets and officers and soldiers gradually joined the CCP and vigorously supported their revolution. At the same time, he also found that a large number of CCP members had joined the main force, which further proved that the strength of the CCP army could not be underestimated.
The August 1st Uprising in Nanchang is a good proof that the CCP's military strength is very strong. Chiang Kai-shek believed that only by getting rid of him could he ensure that he had no worries about the future, and leaving him behind would only lead to endless troubles.
Zhang Zuolin was also worried that leaving Li Dazhao behind might also lead to his loss of the northeast, and Li Dazhao rebelled against Guo Songling, a general under Zhang Zuolin, which brought him serious losses and put Zhang Zuolin in a dangerous situation of internal and external troubles.
And from some confidential documents previously searched from Dongjiaomin Lane, the content of these letters is aimed at Zhang Zuolin. Later, Li Dazhao made Feng Yuxiang unite with the southern government and fight against the Warlords of the Feng Clan. Among them, Wu Peifu, Sun Chuanfang and others were deeply influenced by Li Dazhao, and Wu Peici Jiang Ran allowed the Communist Party to operate openly on his turf.
These incidents fully demonstrated Li Dazhao's outstanding leadership ability, and Li Dazhao was against himself at every turn, so he wanted to kill Li Dazhao no matter which one he wanted.
However, Zhang Zuolin did not kill Li Dazhao immediately, although he hated Li Dazhao to the bone, but through repeated thinking, he weighed the pros and cons and found out. At that time, Li Dazhao had a very prominent identity as the founder of the CCP and the general head of the northern region.
At that time, Li Dazhao's influence in China was self-evident, and As a professor at Peking University, Li Dazhao was also a patriot and a representative of the Kuomintang, and such a Li Dazhao won the hearts of the people and occupied a very lofty position in the eyes of the masses.
When people from all walks of life learned of Li Dazhao's arrest, everyone unanimously organized themselves to rescue Comrade Li Dazhao, and even some well-known people publicly issued statements on Behalf of Li Dazhao asking for his release, and some people wrote to Zhang Zuolin to remind him that killing Li Dazhao would cause endless trouble.
Students at Peking University also organized to put pressure on the Anguo government to release Mr. Li. Faced with this situation, Zhang Zuolin was in a dilemma and did not know how to be good. As far as he was concerned, he really wanted to kill Li Dazhao, but the An Guo military government had just been established, and killing Li Dazhao at this time would undoubtedly lose the hearts of the people and bring serious losses to himself.
The most crucial point is that Li Dazhao, as a representative of the Kuomintang, had a very high friendship with Sun Yat-sen. While the Northern Expeditionary Army was pressing forward step by step, Zhang Zuolin wanted to negotiate peace with Chiang Kai-shek, and it was obvious that this was not the best time to kill Li Dazhao. Therefore, he decided not to kill Li Dazhao for the time being.
At the same time, Zhang Zuolin believed that Li Dazhao was a scholar who absolutely could not bear the torture, so he decided to impose a cruel punishment on Li Dazhao to make Li Dazhao submit to him.
This will deal a great blow to the CCP, so he is ready to use torture to extract a confession from Li Dazhao to obtain some secret information about the northern part of the CCP from Li Dazhao's mouth, so as to facilitate the eradication of grass and roots.
However, Comrade Li Dazhao had long been prepared for sacrifice, and as Zhang Zuolin's number one enemy, Comrade Li Dazhao was bound to be severely tortured.
On April 6, Li Dazhao and others arrested, reactionary police began taking turns to interrogate him rigorously. In order for them to reveal the party secrets, they are tortured every day with different torture devices.
They focused their interrogation on Li Dazhao, so they used the harshest punishment to force Li Dazhao to confess and force Li Dazhao to reveal confidential information about our party.
In the face of torture, Li Dazhao remained silent, saying nothing about the party's secrets. In order to make Li Dazhao submit, the enemy began to insert bamboo sticks into his fingernails little by little, and the pain of the ten-finger drill heart still did not make Li Dazhao reveal half a word.
Ten fingers were tortured and bloodied by the enemy, and At that time, Li Dazhao's situation could be said to be extremely difficult and difficult, and he endured severe pain and wrote down his blood-stained hands in prison as "self-statement in prison"
This is also the last work of his life, which shows his absolute loyalty to the party. As a literati, Li Dazhao, faced with such cruel persecution and harsh punishment, he firmly believed that he was not afraid of danger and never flinched;
As a communist, he was always tight-lipped about the message of the party organization, and this perseverance and character were really singable. However, after being tortured and severely tortured by the enemy for a long time, Li Dazhao described it as withered and extremely weak.
Zhang Zuolin and others found that even if they tried their best, they could not make Li Dazhao submit, so they asked Yan Xishan Zhang Xueliang and others how to be good, but their unified answer was to execute Li Dazhao.
At this time, Zhang Zuolin was a little hesitant to deal with Li Dazhao, and suddenly learned that Chiang Kai-shek had launched the 412 Incident in Shanghai, he openly betrayed the revolution, and wantonly persecuted and arrested a large number of advanced communist figures, and Zhang Zuolin was also telegraphed by Chiang Kai-shek asking him to kill Li Dazhao immediately to avoid any trouble.
On April 23, 1927, Zhang Zuolin, in order to justifiably get rid of Li Dazhao, forcibly imposed on Li Dazhao the crime of "colluding with foreigners with the intention of undermining the national constitution and inciting civil unrest."
Comrade Li Dazhao did not want to get out alive at the moment of his arrest, and his only request was not to kill him with a gun. Zhang Zuolin readily agreed, and Zhang Zuolin specially prepared a gallows for Li Dazhao to execute him.
On the afternoon of April 28, Li Dazhao and other revolutionaries walked out of their cells and went to the execution ground. In the face of imminent death, they did not show the slightest fear or fear, because they were ready to dedicate themselves to the revolution.
According to records, Li Dazhao was wearing a black robe that day, and although he described it as withered, his eyes were like a torch, and he did not flinch in the slightest. Li Dazhao was the first to walk calmly to the gallows.
Since the gallows were new and the executioners were not skilled in manipulating the gallows, they decided to experiment with Li Dazhao.
The first time: Li Dazhao stood under the gallows, the servant put the rope on his forehead and neck, and then pressed the switch, Li Dazhao's feet left the wooden board, his feet were in the air, and the rope hung Li Dazhao dead in mid-air. At this time, Li Dazhao was strangled by the rope and could not breathe, the extreme pain made him twitch constantly, his eyes were full of red blood, just when he was about to lose his breath, the heartbroken hand of the hand suddenly put him down and persuaded him to submit, but Li Dazhao said firmly: "Although my body is dead, my soul is not extinguished, and my spirit is not dead." ”
The second time: Just when Li Dazhao was breathing a little more evenly, the evil hand of the servant pushed Li Dazhao to the gallows again, Li Dazhao was once suspended in the air, but the handmaidens wanted to make Li Dazhao suffer and did not want him to die painfully, and when Li Dazhao was about to lose his breath, they put him down from the gallows again.
The third time: The unscrupulous handmaiden finally gave up torturing Li Dazhao and brutally killed him on the gallows. Such repeated torture of Li Dazhao led to the entire torture process of up to 40 minutes, under normal circumstances up to 20 minutes, which shows that Comrade Li Dazhao suffered and tortured. Li Dazhao was only 39 years old when he died.
At the beginning of the founding of New China in 1949, the state decided to retry the murder of Li Dazhao. Skynet has been restored without leakage, and after 22 years, it is time to return Li Dazhao a fair trial.
During an operation in June 1951, a Central Unification agent named Yan Zhenlang was finally captured, who was Zhang Zuolin's subordinate at the time, who was an accomplice to Li Dazhao's murder, and later confessed to The Murder of Li Dazhao under the interrogation of the relevant personnel.
After Zhang Zuolin's fall, Wu Yuwen defected to Chiang Kai-shek, and later he defected to Japan in the War of Resistance Against Japan and became a notorious traitor. However, after the founding of New China, it was no longer possible to find any trace of this person. According to Yan Zhenlang, he later changed his name to Wu Bozai in order to hide his eyes and ears, and later lived in the No. 4 Courtyard of Gulouwan in Beijing's back door.
However, after the liberation of Beijing, many places have changed their names, and it is undoubtedly difficult to find him in a haystack at this time. In order to avenge Li Dazhao, the relevant staff went to check the household registration. After some searching and effort, Wu Yuwen was finally found, and it turned out that he later changed his name to Wu Bozhai.
After interrogation, Wu Yuwen confessed to his crime, and this heinous murderer finally went to court. Comrade Li Dazhao's spirit in heaven was finally comforted. At this time, it has been exactly 24 years since the death of Mr. Li Dazhao. On May 17, 1952, Wu Yuwen fell seriously ill and died, which is probably the evil man will not be able to die well! It's a great pleasure.
As a member of the Communist Party, he used his life to show his unswerving loyalty to the party and the people. It is precisely because the martyrs threw their heads and spilled their blood for the motherland and awakened the awakening of the souls of a group of advanced people that the motherland is prosperous and strong today, and the country is safe and secure.